2021-2022學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅡLanguagePoints（Ⅰ）W

.PAGE下載后可自行編輯修改，頁(yè)腳下載后可刪除。SectionⅡLanguagePoints(Ⅰ)(Warm-up&Lesson1)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)或首字母提示，寫(xiě)出以下單詞1．Thisweek,thecompanymailedoutitsannual(年度的)report.2．Ittookmesometimetodigest(領(lǐng)悟)whatIhadheard.3．Peoplewhocirculate(傳播)falsenewsaretoblame.4．Whetherthebuildingsinthisareashouldbepulleddownhasremainedcontroversial(有爭(zhēng)議的)．5．Theywenttoprisonbecausetheyviolated(違反)thelaw.6．Theintervalbetweenthepostsmeasuresthirtymetres.7．Idon'tknowwhetherIshouldswapseatswiththestranger.8．ChildrenneedtocompletenineyearsofcompulsoryeducationinChina.9．Thosewhoknowhowtotolerateotherscannaturallyleadahappylife.10．Freshairisfundamentaltogoodhealth.Ⅱ.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性或漢語(yǔ)提示，寫(xiě)出以下單詞1．circulatevi.循環(huán)→circulationn．循環(huán)2．toleratevt.容忍→tolerantadj.寬容的；容忍的→tolerancen．容忍3．doubtv．&n.疑心→doubtfuladj.疑心的，不肯定的4．opposevt.反對(duì)→oppositeadj.相對(duì)的→oppositionn．反對(duì)5．contradictvt.與(其他事物)相矛盾→contradictionn．矛盾6．violatevt.違反，違背→violationn．違反Ⅲ.補(bǔ)全短語(yǔ)根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全以下短語(yǔ)1．invain 徒然，白費(fèi)力氣2．a(chǎn)trandom 隨便地；隨意地3．a(chǎn)tallcosts 不管多大代價(jià)，無(wú)論如何4．dueto 由于5．comeacross 偶然遇見(jiàn)6．contributeto 促成；導(dǎo)致7．insilence 沉默地；默不作聲地8．moreorless 或多或少，大約9．outofbreath 氣喘吁吁10．inuse (機(jī)械、場(chǎng)所等)在使用中Ⅳ.選詞填空用上述短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Wemustarrivethereatallcostsbeforemidnight.2．Icameacrossthisvaluablebookinanoldbookstore.3．Theirrigationcanalsthathadfallenintodisrepairareinuseagain.4．Theirinventionshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofelectricalengineering.5．Sheopenedthebookatrandomandstartedreading.eq\a\vs4\al([尋規(guī)律、巧記憶](méi))n.＋-ful→adj.v.＋to→動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)careful小心的helpful有幫助的useful有用的stickto堅(jiān)持attendto專心；注意；照料seeto負(fù)責(zé)；注意背教材原句記句式構(gòu)造仿寫(xiě)促落實(shí)1.IfAmericanathleteMarionJoneshadn'ttakendrugs，wouldshehavemadeittotheOlympicsatall？如果美國(guó)運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)瑪里昂·瓊斯沒(méi)有服用興奮劑的話，她能成功地進(jìn)軍奧運(yùn)會(huì)嗎？makeitto“能參加，出席〞，其中to為介詞。Wedidn'tmakeittothepartyintheend.我們最終還是沒(méi)能參加那個(gè)聚會(huì)。2.Unfortunately，itisnoteasytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.不幸的是，查出運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)服用違禁藥物并不容易。catchsb.doingsth.“撞見(jiàn)某人正在做某事〞。Theteachercaughttheboycheatingintheexam.教師發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)男孩在考試中作弊。3.Inthefuture,athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.將來(lái)，改變了基因的運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)有可能創(chuàng)下僅8秒的百米紀(jì)錄或不到兩個(gè)小時(shí)的馬拉松長(zhǎng)跑紀(jì)錄。havesth.done“使某事被做，請(qǐng)/讓/叫別人做某事；經(jīng)歷，遭受某事〞。Shehadherpursestolenyesterdaywhenshewaswalkingaroundtheshoppingcenter.昨天逛商場(chǎng)時(shí)她的錢(qián)包被偷了。toleratevt.容忍；忍耐；容許(教材P34)Thesportsworlddoesnottoleratedopingasitisafundamentalformofcheating.由于它是根本的欺騙方式，體育界是不會(huì)容許運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)服用興奮劑的。(1)tolerate(doing)sth. 容忍(做)某事(2)tolerancen. 容忍；寬容havenotoleranceof/forsth. 不能容忍某事物(3)tolerantadj. 寬容的；容忍的betolerantof/towardssb./sth. 忍受、寬容某人/某事①I(mǎi)couldnottoleratetheirmakingupanyexcusesforwhattheydid.我不能容忍他們?yōu)樗龅氖虑榫幵烊魏蔚慕杩?。②Someplantsaretolerant(tolerate)ofextremeheat.有些植物能耐炎熱。③Shehadnotolerance(tolerate)forherdeskmate'sshortcomings.她容不得同桌的缺點(diǎn)。seekvt.尋找；探求；追求；征求；試圖vi.尋找；探求；追求(教材P34)Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics，itispartofeverysportwhereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheirnaturallimitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.服用興奮劑不僅僅是田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)的問(wèn)題，也是有運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)想尋求取得超常體育成績(jī)而準(zhǔn)備欺騙的任何一項(xiàng)體育工程的問(wèn)題。seektodosth. 設(shè)法、企圖做某事seekafter/for 追求，探索seekthrough 找遍seekout 搜尋出；挑選出；找到seekone'sfortune 尋找發(fā)財(cái)時(shí)機(jī)，謀求出路①Allmenhavetherighttoseekafterhappiness.所有人都有追求幸福的權(quán)利。②Iseektoset(set)anexampleformycolleagues.我試圖為我的同事做個(gè)典范。③Hesoughtoutashadyspotwherehemightsitdownandrest.他找到了一個(gè)可以坐下來(lái)休息的蔭涼地方。invain徒然；白費(fèi)力氣(教材P34)FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjurybutthesewereallinvain.弗洛伊德·蘭蒂斯做了幾次站不住腳的辯白，責(zé)怪他因傷服用的藥物，但是這些都是徒勞的。(1)vainadj. 徒勞；白費(fèi)力氣；空虛的； 無(wú)益的；自負(fù)的；虛榮心強(qiáng)的bevainabout/of 對(duì)……虛榮的/自負(fù)的/自以 為了不起的vainpromises 空頭的許諾(2)vainlyadv. 徒勞地；不成功地；白費(fèi)力地①Hemadealotofvainpromisesbutnevercarriedthemout.他做出了很多虛假的承諾，但從未兌現(xiàn)過(guò)。②Shewasvainof/abouthergoodlooks.她對(duì)她的美貌很自負(fù)。atrandom隨便地；隨意地(教材P34)Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom.獲勝者要強(qiáng)制性地進(jìn)展檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意的檢查。(1)randomadj. 胡亂的；隨便的，任意的(2)onpurpose 有意地，成心地(反義詞組)①Thisisonlyarandomsample.這只是隨意抽取的樣品。②Whydoyoucareabouthisrandomremarks?他只是隨便一說(shuō)，何必介意？③—Don'tthrowwastepaperatrandomoritwillmaketheclassroomdirty.——不要隨便扔廢紙，否那么會(huì)把教室搞得很臟。—I'msorry，Ididn'tdoitonpurpose.——對(duì)不起，我不是成心的。opposevt.反對(duì)(教材P34)Gene-therapyisverycontroversialandmanypeopleopposefurtherresearchintoit.基因治療是一個(gè)非常有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題，許多人反對(duì)對(duì)其進(jìn)展進(jìn)一步的研究。(1)oppose(doing)sth. 反對(duì)(做)某事(2)opposedadj. 反對(duì)的beopposedto(doing)sth. 反對(duì)(做)某事(3)oppositeadj. 對(duì)立的；在……對(duì)面的prep. 在……的對(duì)面n. 相反的人或物，對(duì)立物beoppositeto 與……相對(duì)，在……對(duì)面①SomepeopleopposecancellingtheNewYear'sEveholidayin2021.有些人反對(duì)取消2021年除夕假日。②Iamopposedtogoing(go)shoppingonSundaysforitistoocrowded.我反對(duì)星期天逛街，因?yàn)樘珦頂D了。③Thepeoplesittingopposite(oppose)uslookedveryfamiliar.坐在我們對(duì)面的那些人看上去很面熟。[名師點(diǎn)津]oppose＝objectto＝beagainst反對(duì)；oppose為及物動(dòng)詞，object為不及物動(dòng)詞，against為介詞。contradictvt.與(其他事物)相矛盾(教材P34)However，ifagenerationofsportsstarswithenhancedgeneswerecreated，itwouldcontradictthewholespiritofsport.然而，如果一代有強(qiáng)化基因的運(yùn)動(dòng)明星被造出，這將有悖于整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)精神。(1)contradictoneself 自相矛盾(2)contradictoryadj. 矛盾的；完全相反的becontradictorytosth. 與……相矛盾(3)contradictionn. 反駁；矛盾incontradictionto/with 與……相矛盾；與……相違背①Thewell-bredcontradictotherpeople.Thewisecontradictthemselves.教養(yǎng)良好的人處處和他人過(guò)不去。頭腦聰明的人處處和自己過(guò)不去。②Hisprivateactionsareindirectcontradictionto/withhispubliclyexpressedopinions.他私下的行為跟公開(kāi)的言論完全是兩碼事。atallcosts不管多大代價(jià)；無(wú)論如何(教材P34)TheOlympicspirit—thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning—hasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.人們不惜任何代價(jià)來(lái)獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。atanycost＝atallcosts 不管多大代價(jià)，無(wú)論如何atacostof 以……的價(jià)格atthecostof 以……為代價(jià)atcost 照原價(jià)；照本錢(qián)價(jià)①Shewouldliketofinishherprojectatanycost.她愿意不惜任何代價(jià)來(lái)完成自己的方案。②Heboughtacomputeratacostof5，000yuan.他買(mǎi)一臺(tái)電腦花了5000元。③Hesavedthechildrenfromthebigfireatthecostofhisownlife.他舍身把孩子們從大火中救出。digestvt&vi.消化；吸收；領(lǐng)悟n．摘要，概要；文摘(教材P136)Itdigestsyourfoodandsendsvitaminsandmineralsintotheblood.它消化你的食物，將維生素和礦物質(zhì)送入血液中。寫(xiě)出以下句中digest的詞性及含義①Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefoodtodigest.vt.消化②Ihavedigestedmostoftheimportantpointsinthebook.vt.理解③Thedigestofthenovelincludedthemostexcitingscenes.n.摘要digestionn． [U]消化；[C]消化能力digestibleadj. 易消化的；口感好的；易理解的；可領(lǐng)會(huì)的digestiveadj. 消化的；和消化有關(guān)的①SomeofhistranslationswerepublishedinEnglishDigest.他有幾篇譯作發(fā)表在?英語(yǔ)文摘?上。②Ididalittleexercisetohelpmydigestion(digest)．我做了一點(diǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)幫助消化。[圖形助記](méi)vt.&vi.消化vt.理解，領(lǐng)悟n．摘要，(教材P34)Inthefuture，athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.將來(lái)，改變了基因的運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)有可能創(chuàng)下僅8秒的百米紀(jì)錄或不到兩個(gè)小時(shí)的馬拉松長(zhǎng)跑紀(jì)錄?！疽c(diǎn)提煉】本句使用了“havesth.done〞句式，表示“使某事被做，請(qǐng)/讓/叫別人做某事〞。其中過(guò)去分詞done在句中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)意義。構(gòu)造含義賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)的關(guān)系使/讓別人做某事；使遭受動(dòng)賓havesb./sth.doing使/讓某人(物)持續(xù)地做某事，該構(gòu)造用于否認(rèn)句時(shí)，have意為“容忍〞主動(dòng)havesb./使/讓某人(物)去做某事主動(dòng)①M(fèi)yteacherhadmewriteashortpassage.教師讓我寫(xiě)了一篇短文。②Ihadmybikerepaired(repair)yesterday.我昨天讓人修了自行車(chē)。③It'scold.Weshouldhavethefireburning(burn)allthetime.天氣冷，我們應(yīng)該讓火一直燃燒著。(教材P34)Takingthesedrugsisknownas“doping〞andalthoughtheyenhanceperformance,theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthosewhoabusethem.【分析】takingthesedrugs在句中作主語(yǔ)；beknownas表示“被稱為〞；并列連詞and后的句子中含有although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。【翻譯】眾所周知，服用這些藥物就是服用“興奮劑〞，盡管興奮劑有助于提高成績(jī)，但同時(shí)也會(huì)給那些濫用興奮劑的運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)招來(lái)日后生活中的安康問(wèn)題。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thehousewassought(seek)throughbutnothingsuspiciouswasfound.2．Themotherhadthebabycrying(cry)allthemorning.3．Iswappedmyredscarfforherblueone.4．Thelibrariantookabookatrandomfromtheshelf.5．Thethiefbrokein,tryingtoopenthesafe,butinvain.6．Thecitizensopposedbuilding(build)suchafactoryinthisarea.7．You'vehadyourhousedecorated(decorate)withnewfurniture.8．Goodhealthisfundamental(fundament)ifyouwanttohavealonglife.9．Youneedn'tworry，hewillmakeit．10．Perhapsyoushouldbemoretolerantofyourlittlesister.Ⅱ.完成句子1．我試圖使他與她和好，但白費(fèi)力氣。Itriedtomakehispeacewithher，butinvain．2．我不能忍受你被單獨(dú)留下來(lái)。Ican'ttolerateyoubeingleftalone．3．我花了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才把聽(tīng)到的東西弄明白。IttookmealongtimetodigestwhatIhadheard．4．如果我們乘車(chē)的話，我們?cè)谖妩c(diǎn)之前應(yīng)該能出席那個(gè)會(huì)議。Ifwetakeabus,weshouldmakeittothemeetingbeforefive.5．到現(xiàn)在你應(yīng)該理解這條交通規(guī)那么了，已經(jīng)給你解釋得夠多了。Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehaditexplainedoftenenough.條件句語(yǔ)境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句①I(mǎi)fPeterwasamoreskilfulplayer,hewouldhavescoredmorepoints.②BenJohnsonwouldstillbethe100metresworldrecordholder,ifhehadnotbeencaught.③Ifhehadbrokenthatrecord,hewouldbeaworld-famousrunnernow.后自主感悟1.①句中，從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而主句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果。由此可知混合條件句可以用來(lái)談?wù)摗胺钦鎸?shí)的、常常是想象中的現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)，可能對(duì)過(guò)去有影響〞，其構(gòu)成形式是：“if＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，主語(yǔ)＋wouldhavedone〞。2.②③句中，從句表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，而主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果。由此可知混合條件句可以用來(lái)談?wù)摗跋胂笾械倪^(guò)去事件可能對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響〞，其構(gòu)成形式是：“if＋主語(yǔ)＋haddone，主語(yǔ)＋would＋動(dòng)詞原形〞。在英語(yǔ)中，我們一般把條件句分為兩種，即真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句亦可稱為虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜想或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。一、if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣IfIwereabird，Icouldfly.如果我是一只鳥(niǎo)的話，我就能飛了。Ifwehadstartedearlier,wewouldnothavemissedthetrain.如果我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)出發(fā)，就不會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)這列火車(chē)了。Ifheshouldn'tcometomorrow,weshouldputoffthemeetingtillnextMonday.要是他明天來(lái)不了，我們將把會(huì)議推遲到下周一。[即時(shí)演練1]單句語(yǔ)法填空①I(mǎi)fMrDeweyhadbeen(be)present,hewouldhaveoffered(offer)anypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.②Sorry,Iamtoobusynow,ifIhad(have)time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.③IfIwere(be)you，Iwouldgo(go)toseethefilmLostonJourney.④Ifyouhadworked(work)hardlastyear,youwouldhavepassed(pass)thetest.⑤Ifsheshouldcome/came/weretocome(come)tomorrow,Iwouldask(ask)herforhelp.二、混合虛擬條件句在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，虛擬條件句與主句所指的時(shí)間不一致(如一個(gè)是過(guò)去的，一個(gè)是現(xiàn)在的)，這時(shí)主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式需要根據(jù)具體的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整，從而構(gòu)成混合虛擬條件句，即錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。該句式中不僅僅存在時(shí)間的不同，更重要的是事實(shí)和假設(shè)的混合，其根本用法如下：1．想象的過(guò)去事件可能對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)有影響句子時(shí)間意義謂語(yǔ)形式從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反haddone主句與現(xiàn)在/將來(lái)事實(shí)相反would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Ifyouhadtakenhisadvicethen,youwouldbebetternow.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)取了他的建議，你現(xiàn)在會(huì)好些。Ifyouhadn'twatchedTVlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.如果你昨晚看電視不看到那么晚，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么困倦。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.假設(shè)昨天我對(duì)他說(shuō)了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。2．想象的過(guò)去事件可能對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作有影響句子時(shí)間意義謂語(yǔ)形式從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反haddone主句與現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)展的事實(shí)相反would/should/could/might＋bedoingIfIhadstudiedhard,Iwouldbestudyingincollegenow.如果我努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，我現(xiàn)在就在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)了。Ifhehadn'tleftforShanghai,hewouldbehelpingmenow.如果他不去上海的話，他現(xiàn)在就幫助我了。Ifyouhadnotgivenmealift，Iwouldbewalkingintherainnow.如果你不讓我搭車(chē)，我現(xiàn)在還冒雨走著呢。3．想象中的現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)可能對(duì)過(guò)去有影響句子時(shí)間意義謂語(yǔ)形式從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be→were)主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反would/should/could/might＋havedoneIfIwereyou，IwouldhavegonetowatchtheExpothen.如果我是你，當(dāng)時(shí)我就去看世博會(huì)了。Ifshedidn'tspeakafewlanguages，shewouldn'thavegotthatjob.如果她不會(huì)說(shuō)幾種語(yǔ)言，她就不能得到那份工作了。[即時(shí)演練2]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Wewouldbe(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.②MaybeifIhadstudied(study)science，andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.③IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthismorning,Iwouldhavegone(go)toseethefilmwithyoulastnight.④Ifhehadlistened(listen)tome,hewouldnotbeinsuchtroublenow.⑤Ifyouhadnotstudiedtheproblemcarefully,youwouldfind(find)itdifficultnow.三、虛擬條件句的特殊用法1．省掉if的條件從句構(gòu)造假設(shè)條件句把if省略，那么需要把were，had，should放在主語(yǔ)前，形成局部倒裝構(gòu)造。Hadyoutakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.(＝Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.)如果你聽(tīng)了我的建議，你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。2．含蓄虛擬條件句有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞、定語(yǔ)從句、短語(yǔ)或上下文暗示(常見(jiàn)without，butfor，otherwise，or等表達(dá))，此時(shí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)要依具體情況而定。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(＝IfIhadn'tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)我那天很忙，否那么，我就和他們一起去那兒了。Withoutelectricity(＝Iftherewerenoelectricity)，lifewouldbequit