人教版必修一Unit4Naturaldisasters重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)和句型學(xué)案

2021-2022學(xué)年人教版（2019）必修一:Unit4Naturaldisasters重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)和句型扇;五粒I口onhand現(xiàn)有（尤指幫助）彳列：Theemergencyserviceswereonhandwithmedicaladvice.【短語(yǔ)拓展】inhand在手頭；在進(jìn)行中byhand用手athand在手邊；即將到來handinhand手拉手地；密切關(guān)聯(lián)handin提交，交上handout分發(fā)handover移交【巧學(xué)助記】feelreallysorrythatwedon'thavetheseproducts（現(xiàn)有）.Povertyandpoorhealthoftengo（密切關(guān)聯(lián)）.Weareaskedto（交）vacationhomeworkonthefirstdayofthesemester.Ricefarmersherestillplantandharvesttheircrops（手工）.Therearegoodcafesandarestaurantclose（在手邊）.sweepaway消滅，徹底消除彳列：Wecleanthehouseandsweepawaybadluck.【短語(yǔ)拓展】sweepup打掃，清掃sweepaside對(duì)置之不理；不理會(huì)；全然無視sweepout打掃干凈，清掃干凈（房間等）【巧學(xué)助記】Parentscan't（消除）allobstacles（障礙）fortheirchildren,whoshouldlearntobeindependent,Getabroomand（清掃）thatglass,willyou?Alltheiradvicewas（被無視）,whichisoutofexpectations.calm（...）down（使）平靜下來，（使）鎮(zhèn)定下來例：Whenyouareangry,trytodosomethingrelaxingtocalmyourselfdown.Calmdownforaminuteandlistentome.【巧學(xué)助記】Movedbywhatshesaid,hecouldhardly（平青爭(zhēng)下來）.Thechildwascrying,sothenursegavehimsometoysto（使他平靜下來）.三、句型asif引導(dǎo)的從句asif意為“似乎，好像”，可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句。其意義和用法與asthough相同。⑴引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,常置于系動(dòng)詞look,seem,sound,feel,smell等之后。Listentothethunder!Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.聽雷聲!看來似乎要下雨了。Itlooksasifshe'sgoneawayforafewdays.看起來她好像已經(jīng)出去幾天了。⑵引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他張開嘴似乎要說什么。（3）asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句的語(yǔ)氣：①如果從句所表示的情況有明顯的依據(jù)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大，那么從句就用陳述語(yǔ)氣；②如果從句所表示的情況沒有依據(jù)，只是表達(dá)一種假設(shè)，愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)，那么就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。下表為表示虛擬的情況:asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句虛擬情況從句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞，般用were）與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反would/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形Hetalksasifhekneweverythingaboutit.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Hecontinuedworkingasifnothinghadhappened.(與故去事實(shí)相反)Itseemsasiftherainwouldneverstop.(與將來事實(shí)相反)【巧學(xué)助記】l.HespeaksEnglishasifhe(be)anativeEnglishspeaker.Hedescribedthecharacterasifhe(meet)themfacetoface.Tomraisedhishandsasif(say)something.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit(happen)yesterday.2.leave+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在"leave+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)中，leave是使役動(dòng)詞，表示“讓……處于(某種狀態(tài)、某地等)”。具體形式如下：(1)leave+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)Hisillnesshaslefthimveryweak.Ifscruelofhimtoleavethepoorbeggaroutside.Ican'tfindmypurse.Icouldhaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday,butIamnotsure.(2)leave+賓語(yǔ)+名詞(多表示一種結(jié)果)Hisparentsdiedtwoyearsago,leavinghimanorphan.他的父母兩年前去世了,他成了孤兒。(3)leave+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)及動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，其中賓語(yǔ)與構(gòu)成賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞之間形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)Kate'ssuddenleavingleftusallwonderingwhatwasgoingtohappen,凱特的突然離去使我們大家都想知道將要發(fā)生什么事。(4)leave+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞(過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作的完成，其中賓語(yǔ)與構(gòu)成賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞之間形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Thebadweatherlefttheprojecthalffinished.【巧學(xué)助記】VincentvanGogh'spaintingsoftenleaveaudience(guess)andmakethemusetheirimagination.Shedidn'tfeelexcitedatthenewsthatshewasofferedagoodjob,leavingus(confuse).Thebigfireleftthekitchenseriously(damage)andtheovencompletely(destroy).她把鑰匙忘在了辦公室。She.“主語(yǔ)+be+adj.(+forsb.)+不定式”句型句型特點(diǎn)：(1)此處的形容詞多表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征的詞。常見的此類形容詞有：easy,difficult,hard,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,dangerous,cheap,heavy等。(2)不定式中的動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。(3)不定式有時(shí)會(huì)帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，并由for引出(4)若不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上符合句意的相應(yīng)介詞。例：Thechairiscomfortabletositon.【巧學(xué)助記】Thequestionisdifficultforsuchalittleboy(answer).Themachineiseasy(operate)andanybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.這位秘書很不好相處。Thissecretaryis.sb.bedoingsth.when...此句表示“某人正在做某事，這時(shí)(突然)……”，句中when是并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列分句，前一分句通常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，后一分句通常用一般過去時(shí)。when表示“這時(shí),那時(shí)(突然)”時(shí),相當(dāng)于andthen,andjustthen或andatthattime,when可以suddenly連用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。在此句型中，when不能用while替換。彳列：Heisdreamingawonderfuldreamwhenthefirealarmbeginsringing.【句型拓展】beabouttodosth.when…某人正要做某事，這時(shí)突然(2)beonthepointofdoingsth.when…某人正要做某事，這時(shí)突然(3)hadjustdonesth.when...某人剛做完某事，這時(shí)突然【巧學(xué)助記】Thetrain(leave)whenIhurriedtothestation.Jack(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.Tomwasabout(close)thewindowwhenhisattentionwasattractedbyabird.Thecoachwasonthepointof(give)upwhenourteamscoredagoal.“make+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式/從句”句型句型特點(diǎn)：(1)此處it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式/從句(2)可用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞除了make外，還包括：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。(3)賓補(bǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞和名詞。彳列：Thismakesitpossibleforagricultureandindustrytodevelopquickly.Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.Hemakesitclearwhatheintendedtodo.【巧學(xué)助記】mustmakeclearthatIwillsupportyouforever.2.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakehardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.3.1finditdifficult(do)thejobwell.翻譯句子.他認(rèn)為養(yǎng)家是他的責(zé)任。.我們認(rèn)為抱怨是沒有用的。.我們都認(rèn)為跟他們爭(zhēng)論此事是值得的。2021-2022學(xué)年人教版(2019)必修一：Unit4Naturaldisasters重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)和句型答案版扇；五粒I口onhand現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)彳列：Theemergencyserviceswereonhandwithmedicaladvice.【短語(yǔ)拓展】inhand在手頭；在進(jìn)行中byhand用手athand在手邊;即將到來handinhand手拉手地；密切關(guān)聯(lián)handin提交,交上handout分發(fā)handover移交【巧學(xué)助記】feelreallysorrythatwedon'thavetheseproducts（現(xiàn)有）.Povertyandpoorhealthoftengo（密切關(guān)聯(lián)）.Weareaskedto（交）vacationhomeworkonthefirstdayofthesemester.Ricefarmersherestillplantandharvesttheircrops（手工）.Therearegoodcafesandarestaurantclose（在手邊）.［答案］1.onhand2.handinhand3.handin4.byhand5.athandsweepaway消滅，徹底消除彳列：Wecleanthehouseandsweepawaybadluck.【短語(yǔ)拓展】sweepup打掃，清掃sweepaside對(duì)置之不理；不理會(huì)；全然無視sweepout打掃干凈，清掃干凈（房間等）【巧學(xué)助記】Parentscan't（消除）allobstacles（障礙）fortheirchildren,whoshouldlearntobeindependent.Getabroomand（清掃）thatglass,willyou?Alltheiradvicewas（被無視）,whichisoutofexpectations.【答案】1.sweepaway2.sweepup3.sweptasidecalm（...）down（使）平靜下來，（使）鎮(zhèn)定下來彳列：Whenyouareangry,trytodosomethingrelaxingtocalmyourselfdown.Calmdownforaminuteandlistentome.【巧學(xué)助記】Movedbywhatshesaid,hecouldhardly（平靜下來）.Thechildwascrying,sothenursegavehimsometoysto（使他平靜下來）.［答案］1.calmdown2.calmhimdown三、句型asif引導(dǎo)的從句asif意為“似乎，好像”，可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句。其意義和用法與asthough相同。⑴引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,常置于系動(dòng)詞look,seem,sound,feel,smell等之后。Listentothethunder!Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.聽雷聲!看來似乎要下雨了。Itlooksasifshe'sgoneawayforafewdays.看起來她好像已經(jīng)出去幾天了。⑵引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他張開嘴似乎要說什么。（3）asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句的語(yǔ)氣：①如果從句所表示的情況有明顯的依據(jù)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大，那么從句就用陳述語(yǔ)氣；②如果從句所表示的情況沒有依據(jù)，只是表達(dá)一種假設(shè)，愿望、懷疑或推測(cè)，那么就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。下表為表示虛擬的情況:asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句虛擬情況從句謂語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反一般過去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞，般用were）與過去事實(shí)相反過去完成時(shí)與將來事實(shí)相反would/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形Hetalksasifhekneweverythingaboutit.(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Hecontinuedworkingasifnothinghadhappened.(與故去事實(shí)相反)Itseemsasiftherainwouldneverstop.(與將來事實(shí)相反)【巧學(xué)助記】l.HespeaksEnglishasifhe(be)anativeEnglishspeaker.Hedescribedthecharacterasifhe(meet)themfacetoface.Tomraisedhishandsasif(say)something.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit(happen)yesterday.【答案】1.were2.hadmet3.tosay4.happened2.leave+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在"leave+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)中，leave是使役動(dòng)詞，表示“讓……處于(某種狀態(tài)、某地等)具體形式如下：(1)leave+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)Hisillnesshaslefthimveryweak.It'scruelofhimtoleavethepoorbeggaroutside.Ican'tfindmypurse.Icouldhaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday,butIamnotsure.leave+賓語(yǔ)+名詞(多表示一種結(jié)果)Hisparentsdiedtwoyearsago,leavinghimanorphan.他的父母兩年前去世了,他成了孤兒。(3)leave+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)及動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，其中賓語(yǔ)與構(gòu)成賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞之間形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)Kate'ssuddenleavingleftusallwonderingwhatwasgoingtohappen,凱特的突然離去使我們大家都想知道將要發(fā)生什么事。(4)leave+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞(過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或動(dòng)作的完成，其中賓語(yǔ)與構(gòu)成賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞之間形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)Thebadweatherlefttheprojecthalffinished.【巧學(xué)助記】VincentvanGogh'spaintingsoftenleaveaudience(guess)andmakethemusetheirimagination.Shedidn'tfeelexcitedatthenewsthatshewasofferedagoodjob,leavingus(confuse).Thebigfireleftthekitchenseriously(damage)andtheovencompletely(destroy).她把鑰匙忘在了辦公室。She.【答案】1.guessing2.confused3.damaged;destroyed4.leftherkeysintheoffice3.“主語(yǔ)+be+adj.(+forsb.)+不定式”句型句型特點(diǎn)：(1)此處的形容詞多表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征的詞。常見的此類形容詞有：easy,difficult,hard,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,dangerous,cheap,heavy等。(2)不定式中的動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。(3)不定式有時(shí)會(huì)帶上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，并由for引出(4)若不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上符合句意的相應(yīng)介詞。例：Thechairiscomfortabletositon.【巧學(xué)助記】Thequestionisdifficultforsuchalittleboy(answer).Themachineiseasy(operate)andanybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.這位秘書很不好相處。Thissecretaryis.【答案】1.toanswer2.tooperate3.verydifficulttogetalongwithsb.bedoingsth.when...此句表示“某人正在做某事，這時(shí)(突然)……”，句中when是并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)并列分句，前一分句通常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，后一分句通常用一般過去時(shí)。when表示“這時(shí)，那時(shí)(突然)”時(shí)，相當(dāng)于andthen,andjustthen或andatthattime.when可以suddenly連用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。在此句型中，when不能用while替換。彳列：Heisdreamingawonderfuldreamwhenthefirealarmbeginsringing.【句型拓展】beabouttodosth.when…某人正要做某事,這時(shí)突然(2)beonthepointofdoingsth.when…某人正要做某事，這時(shí)突然(3)hadjustdonesth.when...某人剛做完某事，這時(shí)突然【巧學(xué)助記】Thetrain(leave)whenIhurr