新視界大學英語綜合教程第三冊unit 3 Active reading

WarmingupSkimmingDiggingCriticalthinkingLanguageinuseUnfamiliarwordsInterpretingTalkingpointVincentvanGoghWarmingup?

Workinpairs.Check(?)thethingswhichyouthinkareformsofart.?architecture?cinema?classicalmusic?cooking?dancing?fashiondesign?martialarts?novels?painting?poetry?popularmusic?sculpture

Nowaddsomemoreideastothelist.Warmingup?

Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.1Whatexamplescanyouthinkofforeachartform?(Reference.)2Whatdogreatworksofarthaveincommon?3Whichisthegreatestofalltheartforms,andwhy?Theyrefreshthespirit.Theyhavebeauty.Theyexpresssomeaspectofbeinghumanmoreclearlyforus.?Musicexploresemotionsbeyondwordsandhasaworldwideappeal.?Poetryasaformofarthasmeaningaswellasbeauty.Warminguparchitecture:theTempleofHeaven,Beijingcinema:ChenKaige’s

YellowEarth(《黃土地》)classicmusic:

Mozart’s40thSymphony

(《莫扎特第四十交響曲》)cooking:amealatDaDongRoastDuckRestaurant(大董烤鴨店),Beijingdancing:aperformanceofSwanLakefashiondesign:ashowbyGiorgioArmani(喬治·阿瑪尼)martialarts:adisplaybyJetLi(李連杰)novels:

TheDreamoftheRedChamberpainting:aRembrandt’s(倫勃朗)self-portraitpoetry:

QuYuan’sLiSaopopularmusic:

Teng

Lichun’s(鄧麗君)Whenwillyoureturn?sculpture:Michelangelo’s(米開朗基羅)DavidBackWarmingupWatchavideocollectionofvanGogh’sworksandtrytolearnthesongStaryStaryNight.Lyrics:

Warmingup?

Lookatthepaintingofsunflowersandanswerthequestions.1Inwhatperioddoyouthinkthiswaspainted?2Whichisthestrongestcolour?The1880s.Anorangeyellow.Warmingup3Whatdoyouthinkthepainterhopedtoexpresswiththispainting?4What(ifanything)doesthepaintingtellusaboutthepersonalityofthepainter?Itisclearlymorethantheappearanceoftheflowers.Ithinkhisemotionsaboutthemorperhapshisemotionsingeneralareexpressedintheformofsunflowers.(Asenseofwelcomeandhappiness.)Powerfulemotions,almostasortofpainaboutlife.(theintensityofhisfeelings.)Skimming

Browsethepassagewithin8minutestogetaroughideaaboutit.

Answerthequestions

ofActivity2and3onpage51.TaskSkimming?

Answerthequestions.1WhattwofactsdomostpeoplerememberaboutvanGogh?

Hisuseofcolourandhismentalillness.2Whatdidhisearlypaintingsshow?

ThegloomylightofNorthernEurope.3HowdidtheImpressionistsinfluencehisstyle?

Hisstylebecamelighterandbrighter.4Whydidhepaintsomanypicturesofhimself?

Becausehecouldnotaffordtohiremodels.Skimming5WhydidhemovetothesouthofFrance?BecausehegrewdiscouragedwithhislifeinParis,andhewasdrawnbythesunshineofArles.6HowdidvanGoghandGauguingetonwitheachother?Theywereveryclosebuttheyhadseriousdisagreements.7WhydidvanGoghneedtospendtimeinamentalhospital?Fordepressionandbecausehewasworriedabouthearingvoices.

8WhatdoartloversthinkaboutvanGoghnow?Heproducedsomeofthegreatestpaintingstheworldhaseverknown,andgaveinspirationtosomanylaterartists.Skimming?

Matchtheconditions1–5withthesymptoms(a)–(e).1epilepsy2sunstroke3leadpoisoning4schizophrenia5bipolardisorder(a)hearingvoicesinsideyourhead(b)seeingcirclesoflightaroundobjects(c)experiencingperiodsofintenseactivityfollowedbytiredness(d)feelingsickandaggressive(e)feelingtheneedtowritealotSkimmingAnswer:1-(e);2-(d);3-(b);4-(a);5-(c)VincentvanGogh譯文Digging1BetweenNovemberof1881andJulyof1890,VincentvanGoghpaintedalmost900paintings,butneverachievedfame.Yetsincehisdeath,hehasbecomeoneofthemostcelebratedpaintersintheworld.

BackgroundinformationDigging2

ThetwomostimportantbutapparentlyindependentfeaturesaboutvanGoghwhichmostpeopleknowaboutarehisspectacular,almostexplosive,useofcolourandthepoorstateofhismentalhealth,whichbroughthislifetoasadend.譯文Digging3

Yet,accordingtomedicalresearchsincevanGogh’sdeath,itnowseemsthatthesetwofeaturesmaybelinked,andthathismentalhealthmayhavecontributedtohisartisticstyle,notjustattheendofhislife,butatearliertimesaswell.譯文Digging4VanGoghwasborninHollandin1853,andhisearlycareerworkingforaninternationalartdealertookhimtoLondon,ParisandBelgium.Whenhedecidedtobecomeapainterin1880withthesupportofhisbrotherTheo,hisearlyworkwas,notsurprisingly,filledwiththegloomylightofNorthernEurope.譯文Digging5InParisvanGoghmetmanyoftheartistslaterknownasImpressionists,suchasDegas,Toulouse-Lautrec,PissarroandGauguin.Hisstylechangedundertheirinfluence,andbecamelighterandbrighter.Heusedsmallstrokesofprimarycolours(red,blueandyellow)andcomplementarycolours(purple,orangeandgreen).HewasalsosensitivetothemoreabstractstyleofGauguin’spaintings,whereshapesofobjectsarerepresentedbydistinctzonesofcolour.

譯文Digging6Yetdespiteworkinginsuchanencouragingatmosphere,vanGoghcouldnotequalhisfriends’growingsuccess.Hewasunabletopayformodels,andsohepaintedalargenumberofself-portraits,whichmayindicatehispotentialforsoulsearching.

譯文Digging7

VanGoghsoongrewdiscouragedwithhislifeinParis,andmovedtoArlesinthesouthofFrance,where,drawnbythesunshine,hehopedtoestablishanartists’community.Hefeltliberatedbythepeople,thebuildingsandthescenerythere,andpaintedthemwithvivid,passionatecoloursandacheerfulnesswhichwasnewtohimandhiscareer.HewaskeenforGauguintovisithim,andfinallypersuadedhimtomakethejourney.

譯文DiggingThepaintingsofSunflowersandhishomewerepartlyintendedasawelcometoGauguin,partlyareflectionofhishappiness.ButbecauseoftheintensityofvanGogh’sfriendshipforhimandhostiledisagreementsabouttheirworkingmethods,GauguinleftArles.Atthisevent,vanGoghcutoffpartofhisownrightear.譯文Digging8

VanGoghspentseveraldesperateperiodsinamentalhospitaloverthenexttwoyearsbecauseofhisdepressionandhisconcernthathehadheardvoices.Hisstylebecamemoreexperimental,withstrongerlinesandsharpercolours,alwaysdominatedbythegreenoftheolive

trees,theblueoftheskyandthespectacularyellowofthesun.Thiswastheperiodofhisgreatestoutputandsomesuccess,withthefamousTheStarryNightandotherpaintingsbeingwell-receivedbycriticsattheannualexhibitioninParis.譯文Digging9Buttheseveryproductiveperiodswerematchedbymomentswhendespairprevailed,duringwhichhedoubtedhisabilitytocreateaworkofvalue.Inadelicatestateofmind,vanGoghreturnedtoafriendnearParisandcontinuedhiswork.In1890heshothimself,takingtwodaystodie.10Sowhatisthelinkbetweenhisloveofintensecolourandhisdestructivementalstate?譯文Digging11Wenowknowmoreaboutmentalandphysicalillness,andtheireffects.VanGoghsufferedfromepilepsy,anillnesswhichleadstofits,andwhichmayhavebeencausedbyadefectinthebrainatbirth.Thiswasmadeworsebydrinkingabsinthe,apopularbutdangerousalcoholoftendrunkbyartistsatthetime.Hisdoctorprescribedadrugwhichcancausethepatienttoseeeverythinginyellowortoseeyellowspots.ThismayhavebeenwhyvanGoghlovedthecolour.Digging12

VanGoghexperiencedasurgeofactivity,afterwhichhebecametiredanddepressed.Wenowrecognizethesetobesymptomsofbipolardisorder.Healsousedlead-basedpaints,exposuretowhichcanleadtoleadpoisoning.Oneofthesymptomsofleadpoisoningisaswellingoftheretinasintheeyes,whichcancauseonetoseelightincirclesaroundobjects.WecanseethiseffectinpaintingssuchasTheStarryNight.

譯文Digging13

Anotherconditionlinkedtoepilepsyandmanicbehaviouristhespontaneousneedtowritecontinuously.VanGoghwroteover800letterstohisbrother,Theo,whichmightbetheresultofthiscondition.譯文Digging14VanGoghwantedhispaintingstoberealistic,soheworkedoutdoors.Someoftheepisodes

ofaggressivenessandfeelingsickmaybetheeffectsofsunstroke.譯文Digging15Finally,hearingvoicesisawell-established

symptomofschizophrenia,aseriousmentalillnesswhichchangestherelationshipbetweenwhatyouthinkandreality.譯文Digging16Wetalkaboutthegeniusnecessarytoproducegreatworksofart.InvanGogh’scase,hisgenius,especiallyinhisuseofcolour,maybeduetohismentalhealth.Asartlovers,weacknowledgethatvanGoghproducedsomeofthegreatestpaintingstheworldhaseverknown,andgaveinspirationtosomanylaterartists.Butweshouldnotoverlookthementaltorturehesufferedforhisart.■譯文1.

…andsohepaintedalargenumberofself-portraits,whichmayindicatehispotentialforsoulsearching.

(Line3,Para6)Hisinterestinpaintinghisownfacemayindicatehisinterestinexamininghimselfandaskinghimselfquestionsabouthisvaluesandthemeaningofhislife.

soulsearching:askingoneselfquestionsaboutone’svaluesandthemeaningofone’slifeDifficultsentencesDifficultsentences2.

Hefeltliberatedbythepeople,thebuildingsandthescenerythere,andpaintedthemwithvivid,passionatecoloursandacheerfulnesswhichwasnewtohimandhiscareer.

(Line3,Para7)Hefeltanewfreedomfromthelifestyle,attitudesandsceneryheexperiencedthere.Hispicturesfromthattimewerebrighterincolourandhappierinmoodthananyhehadpaintedbefore.

Difficultsentences3.

ButbecauseoftheintensityofvanGogh’sfriendshipforhimandhostiledisagreementsabouttheirworkingmethods,GauguinleftArles.

(Line9,Para7)ThefriendshipwasalotstrongeronvanGogh’spartthanGauguin’sandthismadethelatterfeeluncomfortableaboutit.Thetwoarguedbitterlyaboutart(forexample,vanGoghbelievedinpaintingoutintheopen,whereasGauguinthoughtitbettertopaintfrommemory).Astheirrelationsgotworse,vanGoghpanickedthatGauguinwouldleavehim,approachedhimwitharazorbladeinhand,andlatercutoffhisownearwiththeblade.GauguindecidedhispresenceonlymadevanGogh’sbehaviourworseandheleftArleswhilehisdangerousfriendwasrecoveringinhospital.

Difficultsentences4.

Inadelicatestateofmind,vanGoghreturnedtoafriendnearParisandcontinuedhiswork.In1890heshothimself,takingtwodaystodie.

(Line4,Para9)delicatestateofmind:psychologicallyfragile;closetobreakdownDifficultsentences5.

VanGoghexperiencedasurgeofactivity,afterwhichhebecametiredanddepressed.

(Line1,Para12)asurgeofactivity:ofanyactivityhewasengagedinatthattime;forexample,hemightproducemanypaintings.Difficultsentences6.

Someoftheepisodesofaggressivenessandfeelingsickmaybetheeffectsofsunstroke.

(Line2,Para14)episodesofaggressiveness:forexample,theargumentswithandthreateningGauguinDifficultsentences7.Butweshouldnotoverlookthementaltorturehesufferedforhisart.

(Line7,Para16)AsweenjoyvanGogh’spaintings,weoughttorememberwhatpainandunhappinesshisworkcausedhim.explosive釋義1a.(usubeforenoun)relatingtoorlikeanexplosion

爆炸式的例句Nuclearweaponsarenottheonlyexplosiveforcethreateningcivilization.核武器不是唯一的威脅人類文明的爆炸力量。翻譯Words例句Unemploymentbecameanexplosiveissue.失業(yè)成了一個爆炸性的問題。翻譯釋義2a.

abletoexplode

會爆炸的Words例句Highlyexplosivegasisnaturallyfoundincoalmines.煤礦中天然存有高爆氣體。翻譯例句Theexplosivedevicewastimedtogooffattherushhour.爆炸裝置被設定在高峰時間引爆。翻譯explosive釋義1n.

[C]asingleshortlineormarkmadewithapenorbrush

（鋼筆或毛筆的）一筆，一畫例句ThemostcomplexChinesecharactercontains64strokes.最復雜的漢字有64畫。翻譯Words例句翻譯strokeFillingapsbyusingshort,upwardstrokesofthepencil.用鉛筆向上短短地勾畫幾道來填充空白。釋義2n.

[C]oneoftheseriesofsoundssomeclocksmaketomarkthehour,orthetimemarkedbythis

（某些鐘表整點報時的）一敲，一響例句Thetelephonerangatthestrokeofsix.

鐘敲六下，電話鈴響了。翻譯Words例句翻譯Onthestrokeof12,fireworkssuddenlyexplodedintothenight.

12點的鐘聲剛敲響，焰火便在夜空中綻放。stroke釋義1a.abstractartexpressestheartist’sideasorfeelingsratherthanshowingtheexactappearanceofpeopleorthings

（藝術）抽象派的例子翻譯Words例句Abstractartisanacquiredtaste.翻譯對抽象派藝術要有足夠的了解才會欣賞。

...amodernabstractpainting一幅現(xiàn)代派抽象畫。abstract釋義2a.

abstractideasexistasthoughtsinthemind,andarenotrelatedtophysicalobjectsorrealeventsandactions

抽象的例句Thephotographsputahumanfaceonanabstractpoliticalevent.這些照片上的人物面孔使抽象的政治事件具體化。翻譯Words例句Somepeoplesaybeautyitselfisabstract.有人說美是抽象的。翻譯abstract釋義1a.abletobeclearlyseen,heard,smelt,ortasted

清晰的；清楚的

例句Therewasadistinctsmellofburningcomingfromdownstairs.樓下飄來濃烈的焦糊味。翻譯Words例句Asdawnbroke,theoutlineofabuildingbecamedistinctagainstthesky.天亮時建筑物的輪廓在天空的襯托下顯得十分清晰。翻譯distinct釋義2

a.

separateanddifferentinawaythatisclear

有區(qū)別的；不同的例句Theywereclassifiedintotwodistinctgroups.他們被歸入兩種不同類型的群體。翻譯Words例句Thecompany,asdistinctfromitsshareholders,shouldbeliableforanydebts.公司與其股東不同，負有償還債務的責任。翻譯真題Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities.

(Jun.1998,CET-4,ReadingComprehension)distinct釋義1vt.tomakesomeonefeellessconfidentorhopeful

使泄氣；使灰心例句Tryingtoloseweightfastwillonlydiscourageyou.試圖迅速減肥只會使你灰心喪氣。翻譯Words例句Itmaybedifficulttodoatfirst.Don'tletthisdiscourageyou.翻譯萬事開頭難，別因此而灰心。discourage釋義2vt.

totrytopreventsomethingfromhappening,especiallybecauseyoudonotapproveofitorthinkitisharmful（尤指因反對或認為有害而）阻止，制止例句Puttheplantinacoldroomtodiscouragegrowth.把這棵植物放到較冷的房間阻止其生長。翻譯Words例句Wehopethebadweatherwon’tdiscouragepeoplefromcomingalong.我們希望壞天氣不會阻止人們前來。翻譯discourage釋義1vt.

togivesomeonethefreedomtodowhattheywant,forexamplebytakingthemoutofasituationinwhichtheirbehaviouriscontrolled

解除對……的束縛；解脫例句翻譯WordsInthe1930s,electricityliberatedfarmersfrommanyhardchores.20世紀30年代，電使農(nóng)民從許多累活兒中解脫了出來。例句翻譯Thesereformationmeasuresliberateallvillagersfrompoverty.這些改革措施把村民們從貧困中解脫了出來。liberate真題Anyinstitutionthat“l(fā)iberates”studentsfromfairandformalexamsismisguided,ifnotignorant.

(Jan.1991,CET-4,ReadingComprehension)釋義2

adj.

tomakeaplaceorthepeopleinitfreefromsoldierswhohavebeencontrollingit

解放例句翻譯Words例句翻譯Thoseoppressednationsarerisingtoliberatethemselves.那些受壓迫的國家要站起來解放他們自己。Theyplannedtomarchonandliberatethecity.他們計劃繼續(xù)挺進，解放該城市。liberatescenery釋義n.[U]naturalthingssuchastrees,hills,andlakesthatyoucanseeinaparticularplace

風景；景色；自然景觀例句翻譯WordsSwitzerlandhassomespectacularscenery.瑞士有一些壯觀的自然景觀。例句翻譯ThetrainpassesbysomebreathtakingsceneryintheCanadianRockies.列車要經(jīng)過加拿大境內(nèi)落基山脈，可以看到一些令人驚嘆的美景。釋義a.

behavinginaveryunfriendlyorthreateningwaytowardssomeone

懷敵意的；不友善的例句翻譯WordsShewasopenlyhostiletohim.她公然對他懷有敵意。例句翻譯TheWesthasgraduallyrelaxeditshostileattitudetothisinfluentialcountry.西方對這個頗具影響力的國家的敵視態(tài)度已逐漸緩和。hostile釋義1a.

veryworriedandangrybecauseyoudonotknowhowtodealwithanunpleasantsituation

絕望的例句翻譯WordsTVstationsbroadcastanappealfromtheteenager'sdesperateparents.電視臺播放了該少年絕望的父母的懇求。例句翻譯Themissingman’sfamilyaregettingincreasinglydesperate.失蹤者的家人越來越絕望。desperateIwouldneverhaveresortedtoacourtoflawifIhadn’tbeensodesperate.(Jun.2002,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)

真題釋義2

a.

(usubeforenoun)extremelysevereorserious

非常嚴重的例句翻譯Words這所學校的一些地方急需維修。Partsofthisschoolareindesperateneedofrepair.例句翻譯desperateTheRedCrosssaiditwasindesperateneedofblood.紅十字會說非常需要血液。dominate釋義1v.

tobethemostimportantfeatureofsomething

成為

（……的）最主要特征例句翻譯WordsCasualwearhascometodominatetheclothingmarket.例句翻譯這場皇室婚禮成為了本周新聞的主題。Theroyalmarriagehasdominatedthenewsthisweek.休閑裝開始占據(jù)服裝市場的主導地位。釋義2例句翻譯Words電影導演這一行業(yè)中，男性占主導地位。Moviedirectingisaprofessiondominatedbymen.Don’tallowthecomputertodominateyourchild’slife.例句翻譯別讓計算機主宰了你孩子的生活。v.

tocontrolsomethingorsomeone,ofteninanegativeway,becauseyouhavemorepowerorinfluence

支配；控制dominateoutput釋義n.[C,U](ususing)theamountofsomethingthataperson,organization,systemetcproduces

產(chǎn)量；作品例句翻譯Words人手不足已使我們廠的年產(chǎn)量減少。Shortageofhandshasshrunkourplant'syearlyoutput.Governmentstatisticsshowthelargestdropinindustrialoutputfortenyears.例句翻譯政府統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示這是10年來工業(yè)產(chǎn)量最大幅度的滑坡。It’sreportedthatbytheendofthismonththeoutputofcementinthefactorywillhaverisenbyabout10%.

(Jan.1996,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)

真題well-received釋義a.

gettingagoodreactionfrompeople

反應很好的；受到歡迎的例子翻譯Words一本受歡迎的書awell-receivedbook例句翻譯到目前為止我們的演出在各學校反應很好。Ourpresentationshavebeenwellreceivedbytheschoolssofar.釋義1n.[C]someonewhosejobistowriteorbroadcasttheiropinionsaboutthingssuchasbooks,films,orplays（書、電影、戲劇等的）評論家，評論員Shestartedasafoodcriticforalocalpaper.她最初是為當?shù)氐囊患覉蠹堊雒朗吃u論員。Phrases例句翻譯TheNewYorkcriticshadpraisedherperformance.

紐約的影評家們高度評價了她的表演。例句翻譯critic釋義2例句翻譯他成了煙草業(yè)的強烈反對者。n.[C]someonewhodoesnotlikesomethingandstatestheiropinionaboutit批評者PhrasesHebecameafiercecriticofthetobaccoindustry.

例句翻譯批評者指責她只在乎成功。Hercriticsaccusedherofcaringonlyaboutsuccess.critic釋義1a.workinghardandproducingorachievingalot

富有成效的；成果豐碩的Phrases例句翻譯Itwasaveryproductivemeeting.這次會議卓有成效。例句翻譯Politenessisusuallymoreproductivethanconfrontation.彬彬有禮比針鋒相對通常更能取得良好效果。productive釋義2例句翻譯化學肥料使土地更多產(chǎn)。Fertilizersmakethelandmoreproductive.a.

makingorgrowingthingsinlargequantities,especiallysothattheycanbesold

富饒的；多產(chǎn)的Phrases例句翻譯Duringtheirmostproductiveperiod,bothmillswerecontrolledbytheMarlingfamily.在最高產(chǎn)的時期，兩家磨坊都由馬林家族控制。productiveAtonetime,Manchesterwasthehomeofthemostproductivecottonmillsintheworld.(Jan.1997,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)

真題釋義1例句翻譯毫不奇怪，在這部影片中正義最終戰(zhàn)勝了邪惡。prevailNotsurprisingly,goodprevailsoverevilinthisfilm.vi.(fml)tobethestrongestinfluenceorelementinasituation

占優(yōu)勢；占上風Phrases例句翻譯Cold,drywindsfromSiberiaprevailoverthemainlandfromDecembertoFebruary.從12月到2月，西伯利亞來的干燥冷風控制大陸。釋義2例句翻譯公園里的人群之間彌漫著一種友好的氣氛。Afriendlyatmosphereprevailedamongthecrowdsinthepark.vi.

(fml)toexistataparticulartimeorinaparticularsituation

存在；盛行；流行Phrases例句翻譯Makeresolutiononnewyear'sdayisacustomthatstillprevail.

在新年這一天下決心是一個依然流行的習俗。prevail釋義1例句翻譯珊瑚雖然看上去堅固，實際上非常易碎。Althoughthecorallookshard,itisverydelicate.

a.somethingthatisdelicatecaneasilybedamagedorbroken嬌弱的；易受損的；易碎的Phrases例句翻譯Thedelicateblossomsresemblelace.嬌嫩的花兒看起來像蕾絲花邊。delicate真題Duringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthedelicatesilkfromdamage.(Jun.2002,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)釋義2例句翻譯這本敏感的書謹慎、簡潔地討論了收養(yǎng)這一微妙問題。Thissensitivebooktacklesthedelicateissueofadoptionwithcareandsimplicity.

a.

adelicatesituationneedstobedealtwithcarefullysothatpeopledonotgetupsetorannoyed（情況）微妙的，棘手的Phrases例句翻譯ThereisaratherdelicatematterthatIneedtodiscusswithyou.有件相當棘手的事，我需要和你討論一下。delicate釋義例子翻譯居民被地震的破壞力量嚇怕了。destructiveResidentswerescaredbytheearthquake'sdestructiveforce.a.causingseveredamageorharm

破壞性的；毀滅性的Phrases例句翻譯thedestructiveeffectofunemploymentonindividuals失業(yè)對個人的破壞性影響真題Neverbeforehadmenreleasedsomuchpoweratonetime,norhadanynationeverpossessedweaponasterribleanddestructiveastheatomicbomb.(Jun.1990,CET-4,ReadingComprehension)釋義例句翻譯他患有先天性聽力缺損。defectHewasbornwithahearingdefect.

n.[C]afaultoralackofsomethingthatmeansthatsomethingisnotperfect缺陷；瑕疵Phrases例句翻譯Allthecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforetheyleavethefactory.所有的汽車在出廠之前都要檢查有無缺陷。釋義例句翻譯這種藥是最常開來治療咳嗽的。prescribeThisdrugisoneofthemostcommonlyprescribedforcough.vt.

(~sbsth)ifadoctorprescribesadrugortreatment,theysayyoushouldhaveit（醫(yī)生）開（藥），開（處方）Phrases例句翻譯Patientsshoulddoasdoctorsprescribe.病人應該照醫(yī)生的吩咐做。釋義例句翻譯樂觀的經(jīng)濟報告發(fā)布之后股市在星期三出現(xiàn)暴漲。surgeStockssurgedWednesdayfollowingpositiveeconomicreports.n.

[sing]asuddenincreaseinsomethingsuchasprice,value,orinterest（價格、價值或興趣）激增，陡增Phrases例句翻譯Specialistsseevariousreasonsfortherecentsurgeininflation.專家們認為目前通貨膨脹加劇有多種原因。釋義例句翻譯核廢料對人們造成輻射的潛在風險exposurethepotentialexposureofpeopletonuclearwaste

n.[C,U](~to)thestateofbeingputintoasituationinwhichsomethingharmfulordangerousmightaffectyou暴露Phrases例子翻譯Exposuretoleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.

眾所周知，接觸鉛對幼兒的大腦有害。真題ThedoctortoldPennythattoomuchexposuretothesunisbadfortheskin.(Jan.1995,CET-4,VocabularyandStructure)釋義1episoden.[C]aneventorsetofeventsthatformspartofalongerseriesbutisconsideredseparately（一系列事件中的）一個事件，片段，一段經(jīng)歷Phrases例句翻譯當瑪麗繪聲繪色地描述那件事時,我們哄然大笑起來。WeroaredwhenMaryactedouttheepisode.例句翻譯Forinmen,asarule,loveisbutanepisode.一般說來，愛情在男人身上只不過是一個插曲。釋義2例句翻譯請于明晚收聽更加精采的下一集.Listentothenextexcitingepisodetomorrownight.n.

[C]apartofatelevisionorradiostorythatisbroadcastseparatelyandformsoneofaseries

（電視劇或廣播劇的）集，一集Phrases例句翻譯Thefinalepisodewillbebroadcastnextweek.下周將播放最后一集。episode釋義例句翻譯這個培訓計劃現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)頗有聲譽。well-establishedThetrainingprogramisnowwell-established.a.

havingexistedforalongtime,andhavingbeensuccessfuloracceptedforalongtime已建立起地位的；已得到確認的Phrases例句翻譯TheUniversityhasawell-establishedtraditionofwelcomingpostgraduatestudentsfromoverseas.

這所大學有著歡迎海外研究生就讀的悠久傳統(tǒng)。釋義1例句翻譯她的老師很早就發(fā)現(xiàn)了她的天賦。geniusHerteachersrecognizedhergeniusearlyon.n.

[U]averyhighlevelofskillorability

天賦Phrases例句翻譯Thisisthemarkofherrealgeniusasadesigner.

這展現(xiàn)了她作為設計師的真正天賦。釋義2例句翻譯卓別林不僅僅是天才，也是電影史上最有影響力的人物之一。Chaplinwasnotjustagenius,hewasamongthemostinfluentialfiguresinfilmhistory.

n.[C]someonewhoismuchmoreintelligentorskilfulthanotherpeople

天才Phrases例句翻譯Shewasamathematicalgenius.她是個數(shù)學天才。genius釋義例句翻譯那位職員準是沒有注意到你的名字，因為他說你不在這里。overlookTheclerkmusthaveoverlookedyourname,becausehesaidyouweren'there.vt.tofailtonoticeordosomething沒有注意到；忽視；忽略Phrases例句翻譯Accidentshappenwhensafetychecksareoverlooked.忽視安全檢查就會發(fā)生事故。釋義1例句翻譯家長的說教對于孩子來說簡直是受罪！tortureWhattortureparent'slecturesareforchildren!n.[U](infml)amentallyorphysicallyuncomfortablefeeling

（精神或肉體上的）折磨，煎熬，痛苦Phrases例句翻譯Waitingfortheresultwastorture.等待結(jié)果的過程是一種折磨。釋義2例句翻譯有好幾名囚犯證實他們受到了酷刑。Severaloftheprisonersconfirmedthattheyhadbeentortured.n.

[U]extremephysicalpaincausedbysomeoneorsomething,especiallyasapunishmentorasawaytomakesomeonesaysomething拷打；拷問；酷刑逼供Phrases例句翻譯Theyneveragaintorturedaprisonerinhispresence他們再也沒有當他的面嚴刑拷打過囚犯。torture釋義例句翻譯園丁從樹上砍下一根樹枝。cutoffThegardenercutoffabranchfromthetree.toremovesomethingbycuttingit

切掉；割掉Phrases例句翻譯Hethreatenedtocutmyhairoff.

他威脅說要剪掉我的頭發(fā)。在1881年11月至1890年7月之間，文森特·凡·高大約畫了900幅畫，卻沒有成名。但自從他死后，他成了世界上最負盛名的畫家之一。Translation原文文森特·凡·高大部分人所知道的凡·高的兩個最重要但顯然互不相關的特點是：他對色彩神奇、幾乎具有爆發(fā)力的運用以及他糟糕的精神狀態(tài)，后者最終導致他生命悲劇性的結(jié)束。Translation原文但是，根據(jù)凡·高死后的醫(yī)學調(diào)查，現(xiàn)在看來這兩個特點可能是彼此相關的，無論是在他生命的最后還是更早的時期，他的精神狀況都可能影響了他的藝術風格。Translation原文凡·高于1853年出生于荷蘭，早年替一位國際藝術商工作，因此他去過倫敦、巴黎及比利時。1880年在他弟弟西奧的支持下，他決定成為一個畫家，因此，他早期的作品充滿了北歐昏暗的光線。Translation原文在巴黎，凡·高遇到了許多后來被稱為印象主義派的藝術家，如德加、土魯斯-勞特。累克、畢沙羅、高庚。他的風格受到他們的影響而發(fā)生了改變，變得輕快而明亮。他使用細微線條的原色（紅、藍、黃）和補色（紫、橙、綠）。他還對高庚畫作的相對抽象風格很敏感，在高庚的畫作中，物體的形狀都通過不同的顏色區(qū)域表現(xiàn)出來。Translation原文但是，盡管在這樣激勵人心的氣氛下工作，凡·高還是沒法與他那些越來越成功的朋友們相比。他付不起錢請模特，所以他畫了很多自畫像，那些自畫像可能展現(xiàn)了他探索內(nèi)心的天賦。Translation原文凡·高很快就對他在巴黎的生活感到氣餒，所以他搬到了法國南部的亞爾，那兒的陽光吸引了他，他希望在那兒成立一個畫家之家。他感覺自己從那兒的人、建筑物及景色中得到釋放，所以他用生動而充滿激情的色彩，用他自己和他的事業(yè)中從未有過的振奮來描繪他們。他熱切地希望高庚來看他并且最終說服了高庚前往亞爾。Translation原文《向日葵》及描繪他家的畫作一方面是為了迎接高庚，另一方面也反映了他的喜悅之情。但因為凡·高對高庚的強烈的友情及他們關于繪畫方法的帶敵意的爭論，高庚離開了亞爾。因為這件事，凡·高切掉了自己的一部分右耳。Translation原文因為抑郁和幻聽，凡·高在接下來的兩年里進出了好幾次精神病院。他的風格變得更具實驗性，線條更粗獷有力，色彩更明艷，常以橄欖綠、天藍及明黃色為主。這是他最多產(chǎn)的一段時期，他也開始有了一些成就，著名的《星夜》及其他一些畫作在巴黎年度畫展上受到了評論家的好評。Translation原文但他的創(chuàng)作高峰期也是他最絕望的時期，在這段時期他懷疑自己沒有能力創(chuàng)作出有價值的作品。在脆弱的精神狀態(tài)下，凡·高回到了一個住在巴黎附近的朋友身邊繼續(xù)工作。1890年，他開槍自殺，兩天后去世。那么他對絢麗色彩的喜愛與他毀滅性的精神狀態(tài)之間有什么聯(lián)系呢？Translation原文

我們現(xiàn)在了解更多關于凡·高精神與身體的疾病及它們所造成的影響。凡·高患有癲癇病，這種病會導致昏厥，可能是因為出生時腦部有缺陷。喝苦艾酒會加重病情，苦艾酒是種流行但危險的飲料，那時候的藝術家們經(jīng)常喝。他的醫(yī)生給他開了一種藥，這種藥能使病人把所有事物都看成黃色或看到很多黃點。這可能是凡·高喜歡黃色的原因吧。Translation原文凡·高經(jīng)歷了一段旺盛期后開始變得疲倦而抑郁。我們現(xiàn)在知道這是躁郁癥的癥狀。而且他還使用鉛制顏料，接觸鉛可能引起鉛中毒。鉛中毒的癥狀之一是視網(wǎng)膜紅腫，這會導致人看到物體周圍圍繞著環(huán)狀光。在一些畫作如《星夜》中我們可以看到這樣的效果。Translation原文另一種與癲癇病及狂躁行為有關的情況是自發(fā)的不斷寫作的需求?？赡苁且驗檫@個原因，凡·高給他的弟弟西奧寫了800多封信。Translation原文為了使作品寫實，凡·高在戶外創(chuàng)作。他有時表現(xiàn)出的攻擊性和感到惡心可能是中暑帶來的后果。Translation原文最后，幻聽也是精神分裂癥的一個典型癥狀，精神分裂癥是嚴重的精神疾病，會讓人混淆什么是所想，什么是現(xiàn)實。Translation原文我們提到創(chuàng)作偉大藝術作品所需要的天賦，對凡·高而言，他的天賦，特別是他運用色彩的天賦，可能得歸功于他的精神健康狀況。作為藝術愛好者，我們承認凡·高創(chuàng)作了一些世人所知的最偉大的畫作，并為他以后的許多藝術家提供了靈感，但我們不能忽視他為了藝術而遭受的精神折磨。Translation原文BackgroundinformationTheImpressionists(印象派畫家)wereagroupofpaintersattheendofthe19thcentury.Theyweregiventhisnameafteranewspapercriticthoughttheywerepaintingonlysketches,orimpressions.Thiscontrastedwiththerealismofphotographywhi