2023年上海高考英語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)用法講解(含強化訓練)

?專題01動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)用法梳理+高考題型組合練_________________________________________________________________________________________考點精講考點精講謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)是高考的必考重點。高考?？嫉臅r態(tài)有，一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來完成時、將來進行時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時和過去完成進行時等。高中階段的被動語態(tài)：主要掌握現(xiàn)在進行時與過去進行時的被動語態(tài)，以及將來完成時被動語態(tài)的用法。特別注意：要把握各種時態(tài)的特點，注意容易混淆的時態(tài)差異，準確理解具體語境下時態(tài)的正確意義，捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息，務必要克服漢語式的慣性思維，排除誤導，培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維習慣。【要點梳理】考點一：動詞時態(tài)動詞時態(tài)梳理一般式進行式完成式現(xiàn)在does/is/are/amis/are/amdoinghavedone過去didwas/weredoinghaddone將來willdowillbedoingwillhavedone過去將來woulddowouldbedoingwouldhavedone此外：高中階段需重點掌握：①將來進行時表示將來某一時刻或某一時段正在發(fā)生或進行的動作，常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用，如：atthistimetomorrow，bythen，from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。其構(gòu)成為：will/shallbee＋現(xiàn)在分詞Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.簡不能參加今天下午三點的會議了，因為她那個時間在授課。②現(xiàn)在完成進行時一、現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成對完成進行時要求學生掌握的是現(xiàn)在完成進行時。其構(gòu)成為：have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞。二、現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法(1)表示過去某一時刻之前開始的動作或產(chǎn)生的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去，常見的時間狀語：allthismorning，thismonth，thesefewdays，since和for引導的狀語從句等。—Excuseme，whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?——打擾了，你們在等著看哪部電影呢？—ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaitinghereformorethantwohours.——新版的《星球大戰(zhàn)》，我們在這兒等了兩個多小時了。(2)所表示的動作有時并不是一直在不停地進行，而是在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地重復。Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.學生們一直在努力學習功課，他們的付出最終會收獲成功的。③將來完成時將來完成時用來表示在將來某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作或一直持續(xù)的動作。經(jīng)常與“before+將來時間或“by+將來時間”連用，也可與before或bythetime引導的現(xiàn)在時的從句連用。其構(gòu)成為：will/shall+have＋過去分詞。Thechildrenwillhavegonetosleepbythetimewegethome.到我們回家時，孩子們將已睡了。Whenyoucometonightateighto'clock，Ishallhavewrittenmypaper.你今晚八點鐘來時，我將會寫完文章了BynextyearourteacherwillhavetaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.到明年我們的老師將已教二十年英語了。備注1：其他表示“將來”的結(jié)構(gòu)及用法(1)“begoingto＋動詞原形”表示按計劃、打算要做某事或根據(jù)某種跡象預示著要發(fā)生某事。Look，darkcloudsaregathering.Itisgoingtorainsoon，Ithink.瞧，烏云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace，socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.無論是在家里還是在工作場所，在未來的幾年里社交機器人將會變得越來越普遍。(2)“beto＋動詞原形”表示按計劃、約定或按職責、義務必須做的事或即將發(fā)生的動作。Youaretohandinyourpapersby10o'clock.到10點你得交上試卷。(3)“beaboutto＋動詞原形”表示正要或即將要做某事，該結(jié)構(gòu)不與表示具體的將來時間狀語連用。Tomwasabouttoclosethewindowswhenhisattentionwascaughtbyabird.湯姆正要關上窗戶，就在這時一只鳥引起了他的注意。備注2：常使用完成時的句型(1)This/It/Thatisthefirst/...time＋thatsb.has/havedone；This/It/Thatwasthefirst/...time＋thatsb.haddone這是某人第幾次做某事。(2)It(This)is/wasthe＋最高級＋名詞＋(that)定語從句，從句中的謂語用完成時。(3)Itis/hasbeen＋一段時間＋sincesb.did；Itwas/hadbeen＋一段時間＋sincesb.haddonesth.自從……以來多久了。(4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../nosooner...than...(一……就……)主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。Hardly/NosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thantherainpoureddown.我剛到家，大雨就傾盆而下。Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.我們有10年沒那么高興過了?？键c二：動詞語態(tài)動詞語態(tài)梳理一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式被動語態(tài)由“be＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有：get/become＋過去分詞。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下：形式時間一般式進行式完成式現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendone過去was/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendone將來shall/willbedoneshall/willhavebeendone被動語態(tài)的使用場合：(1)不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時；(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者時。)Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstocome.據(jù)報道，一個空間站將在未來的幾年內(nèi)在月球上被建成。)Inmyhometown，thereisalwaysaharvestsupperforthefarmersafterallthewheathasbeencut.在我的家鄉(xiāng)，所有的麥子被收割后，總是要給農(nóng)民們準備一頓收獲的晚餐。Withmanyforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.因為許多森林被毀，每年大量肥沃的泥土被沖走。易錯警示(1)有些及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的有：have有；cost花費；lack缺少；own擁有；belongto屬于；takepartin參加。(2)不及物動詞(短語)不能用于被動語態(tài)。常見的有：happen/takeplace/occur發(fā)生；remain剩下；breakout爆發(fā)；last持續(xù)；comeout出版；comeup被提出；loseheart失去信心；datefrom/backto追溯到；runout用完。二、get構(gòu)成的表示被動的短語：getpaid/lost/hurt等Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytogetpromoted，Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.在等待機會被提拔期間，亨利盡量履行好自己的職責。Wegetpaidbytheweek.我們按周獲得薪酬。1．“系動詞feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常常以主動形式表示被動意義。Thiskindofwoolshirtfeelssoftandsellswell.這種羊毛衫摸起來很軟，賣得很好。2．當sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物動詞后帶狀語(well/easily等)修飾，用來表示主語內(nèi)在的品質(zhì)或性能時用主動形式表示被動含義。Haveyouboughtthebookthatsellswellthesedays?Ithinkitissuitableforusteenagers.你買最近銷售很好的那本書了嗎？我認為它非常適合我們青少年。三、主動形式表示被動意義1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動詞、worth等形容詞的后面，動名詞主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這房子需要修理。2．betorent/blame/let主動形式表被動意義。Whoistoblameforthemistake?誰應為此錯誤接受譴責？Thehouseistolet.此房出租。_________________________________________________________________________________________重點小練單句語法填空重點小練1．Nowadays,cyclingalongwithjoggingandswimming，_______(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.2．Whileonlineshopping_________(change)ourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.3．Christmasisthemostimportantfestivalinthewesternworld.It______(fall)onDecember25.4．Theyhadtowaitand_______(hope)thatsomeonewouldcomeandhelpthem.5．Nowadays,cellphoneshavefeaturessuchasgames，musicandcalendarsandmorenewfunctions_________(add)．6．Ifwe_________(book)atableearlier，wewouldn'tbestandinghereinaqueue.7．Duetothehardtrainingthey________(do)before，theirperformanceswereveryimpressive.8．JackhasneverbeentoChina，buthetalksaboutitasifhe__________(be)theremanytimes.9．Moreexpressways__________(build)inSichuansoontopromotethelocaleconomy.10．Soonerorlaterthosedishonestpeople__________(pay)apricefortheiracts;onthecontrary，whenwearehonest，wearetrulyfree.11.BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt________（leave）forLondontoattendameeting.12.Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe________（lie),withoutundressing.13.They______________(work)ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem，andnowwe____________(work)onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.14.Thelittlegirl________(cry)herheartoutbecauseshe________(lose)hertoybearandbelievedshewasn'tevergoingtofindit.15.JohnandI________(be)friendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butwe______(see)eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.16.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness______.（grow）17.Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.I_______（know）forsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.18.Theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge______(come)frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.19．Hehurriedhome，neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe______________(follow)．20．Tom_______________(work)inthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.Keys:1.isregarded2.haschanged3.falls4.hoped5.arebeingadded6.hadbooked7.haddone8.hadbeen9.willbebuilt10.willpay11.willhaveleft12.waslying13.hadbeenworking;areworking14.cried,hadlost15.havebeen,es19.wasbeingfollowed20.hasbeenworking/hasworked語篇填空(用括號中動詞的適當形式填空)Welcometoourschool.I'dliketointroduceyoutoplansforourschool.Alotofwork1(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary2(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab3(build)thisyear.Butwedon'thaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsinallgrades4(collect)money.Themoneywhichiscollected5(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent，aplan6(make)forapartyattheendoftheterm，atwhichwonderfulperformances7(put)on.Thegardensoftheschool8(improve)thisyear.Newtrees9(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinsummer.Thewholeschool10(paint)duringthesummerholidays.Infact，ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.參考答案：hasbeendone2.hasbeencompleted3.isbeingbuilt4.arecollecting5.willbespentisbeingmade7.willbeput8.arebeingimproved9.arebeingplanted 10.isgoingtobepaintedTranslation（注意動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)）由于工作時心不在焉，約翰被老板解雇了。2.在過去的十年中，這個地區(qū)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。3.當他到學校時，他意識到他把作業(yè)忘在家里了。4.應該鼓勵學生將課堂上所學的知識用于實踐中去。5.很多年前，人們不知道人口問題將是個大問題。6.等他明年回來，這個體育館就建好了。(bythetime)答案：（onlyforreference）1.Johnwasdismissedbyhisbossashedidn’tpaymuchattentiontohiswork.2.Overthepast10years,greatchangeshavehappenedinthisarea.3.Whenhegottoschool,herealizedthathehadlefthishomeworkathome.4.Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.5.Many?years?ago?people?never?knew?that?population?would?become?a?big?problem．6.Bythetimehecomesbacknextyear,thestadiumwillhavebeensetup._______________好題必測歷年上海高考真題及模擬試題優(yōu)選1好題必測【答案】weredeposited?！窘馕觥靠疾橐话氵^去時被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意:"那些已被沉淀在溫暖的沙子里的卵?！庇纱司湟夂徒Y(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，此處用被動語態(tài)，又因為有again提示，可知發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。2.Intherecentyears,seaerosionhasledtomanyturtles'nestbeingdamagedordestroyed.Also,somefierceanimalssuchasdogsandbirds(29)_______(reduce)thenumberofnestingturtles.Andofcoursemanhasalsohadanegativeimpactbyusingengine-poweredfishingboatsneartheturtles'nestinggrounds.【2019秋考】【答案】havereduced。【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時，根據(jù)句意:"還有，諸如一些兇殘的狗和鳥已經(jīng)減少了龜巢的數(shù)量。根據(jù)前句的謂語動詞hasled和此句中的also可以判定此句也是用現(xiàn)在完成時，強調(diào)動作的形成的結(jié)果。3.Jasonsetupaplanthatinfiveyearshe________(show)hisworkinthetopgalleryinthatareaofthecountry.【2019春考】【答案】wouldshow【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他給自己設定了一個目標，用五年的時間，他要讓他自己的作品在全國頂尖藝術館里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏謂語，show與he為主謂關系，故用主動語態(tài)，由于陳述過去的計劃和打算，故用過去將來時，綜述用wouldshow。4.Thisfive-yeargoalgavehimastartingpointfromwhichtoworkbackwards......Bysettingthisgoal,allofJason'sefforts________(point)inthesamedirection.Heshowedupatdifferentartshowopenings,....【2019春考】【答案】pointed【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：通過設定目標，他的所有努力能向著同一個方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏謂語，point與主語efforts為主謂關系，故用主動語態(tài)，陳述過去事情，故用一般過去時pointed。5.S&Aisstartingtodopolicework.Earlierthissummer,90employees(23)__________(hire)toguarditsdoorsandcheckreceipts.【2018秋考】【答案】washired【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：今年夏天早些時候，90名員工被雇傭守衛(wèi)其大門并檢查收據(jù)。hire與主語employees為被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)，陳述過去事情，故用一般過去時被動語態(tài)。故填washired。6.Acomprehensivestudyof4,500childrenconductedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthin2018showsthatchildrenwhospentmorethansevenhoursadaystaringatscreensshowedevidenceofprematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex一theouterlayerthatprocessessensoryinformation."Wedon'tknowifit______(cause)bythescreentime.【2018秋考】【答案】isbeingcaused【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：我們不知道這是否是看屏幕時間造成的。此處為賓語從句謂語動詞，空前的it指代prematurethinningoftheirbrain'scortex，和cause之間為邏輯上的被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)；結(jié)合語境可知，此處表目前一直在發(fā)生的動作，故應用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。故填isbeingcaused。7.Thereasonwhymanypeopleunconsciously“tuneout”theirfamilymembersorclosefriendsisthattheythinktheyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson_______(say).【2021楊浦二?！俊敬鸢浮?isgoingto/willsay【解析】.考查時態(tài)。句意同上。根據(jù)前文“theyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson”，可知此處指他們已經(jīng)知道對方將要說什么。結(jié)合句意，此處用一般將來時。所以用isgoingto/willsay。8.Sofar,theresearchers_________(demonstrate)stemcelltherapyinpreclinicallabtests.Tsujisaidtheywerelookingforoutsidecollaboratorstohelpdevelopclinicalapplicationsforthenewhairgrowthtechnology.【2021青浦二模】【答案】havedemonstrated【解析】考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，研究人員已經(jīng)在臨床前實驗室測試中證明了干細胞療法。結(jié)合時間狀語Sofar可知，句子應用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語theresearchers是名詞復數(shù)，助動詞用have，故填havedemonstrated。9.Attheverycafescustomerscanaskwhetherthereareanysuspendedcoffeesavailable,andifso,they__________(supply)withabeverage,thankstothekindnessofastranger.【2021普陀二?！俊敬鸢浮縜resupplied/willbesupplied【解析】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：正是在這些咖啡館里，顧客可以問是否有待用咖啡，如果有，他們會被提供一杯飲料，這要感謝一個陌生人的好意?？涨暗闹髡Zthey指代customers，和謂語動詞supply之間是被動關系，所以應用被動語態(tài)，此處可使用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，主語是復數(shù)人稱代詞，故填aresupplied或willbesupplied。10.Apparently,themostdepressingdayoftheyearisthethirdMondayinJanuary,whenit’scoldanddarkoutside.Thisday______(nickname)‘BlueMonday’bypsychologistCliffArnallin2004.【2021浦東二?！俊敬鸢浮縲asnicknamed【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：2004年，心理學家CliffArnall將這一天戲稱為“憂郁星期一”。根據(jù)后文in2004可知用一般過去時，主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關系，故應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語為Thisday，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填wasnicknamed。11.Thediscoveryhascausedhugeexcitementamonghistorians,asitprovidesfirmevidenceaboutarulerwhoselife______23______(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumors(謠言)concerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.【2021靜安二?！俊敬鸢浮縣asbeenshadowed【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：這一發(fā)現(xiàn)在歷史學家中引起了極大的興奮，因為它提供了一個確鑿的證據(jù)，證明一個統(tǒng)治者的生活一直被關于他自1485年在博斯沃思戰(zhàn)役中死亡以來冷血無情的謠言所掩蓋，盡管有官方記錄。分析可知，所填動詞應是定語從句“whoselife______3____(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumoursconcerninghiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.”中的謂語動詞，結(jié)合時間狀語“sincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485”可知，應是現(xiàn)在完成時，且動詞“shadow(在……上投下或覆蓋陰影)”與主語“whoselife”之間為被動關系，應是現(xiàn)在完成時被動結(jié)構(gòu)：have/hasbeendone，且主語“whoselife”為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填hasbeenshadowed。12.Foryoungpeople,itwasthefirsttimethatthey_____(experience)somethingbig,aworrythattheysharedwiththeirfamilies,friendsandneighbors,andasufferingbeingenduredatthismomentandtobeendurednextfewweeks.【2021虹口二模】【答案】hadexperienced【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：對年輕人來說，這是他們第一次經(jīng)歷一件大事，一件他們要與家人、朋友和鄰居分享的憂慮，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下來的幾周內(nèi)將要忍受的痛苦?！癷twasthe+序數(shù)詞+time+that從句”句式中，that從句應使用過去完成時。故填hadexperienced。13.TheareainwhichTownofAsk________(locate)isknowntohavealotofquickclay,whichcanchangefromsolidtoliquidfrom.Previouslandslideshavebeenreportedintheregion.【2021奉賢二?！俊敬鸢浮縤slocated【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：眾所周知，阿斯所在的地區(qū)有很多快速粘土，可以從固體變成液體。belocatedin坐落于。分析句子可知，設空處為定語從句謂語。根據(jù)文章時態(tài)可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填islocated。14.“Personally,Idon’tthinkpop-upsareapassingtrend.Fromwhatwe_______(learn)fromourcustomerssofar,theyarealwayslookingforuniqueproductsandexperiences,exactlysomethingthatpop-upshopscanoffer.【2021金山二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avelearned【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，我們從顧客那里了解到，他們總是在尋找獨特的產(chǎn)品和體驗，這正是快閃店可以提供的東西。根據(jù)sofar可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填havelearned。15.Itwasapartoftown,Irealized,thatI(warn)about,butnothinghappenedtome,andassoonaswewerenearthebrightlightsofthemainroad,my“guide”just(disappear).【2021長寧二?！俊敬鸢浮縣adbeenwarned【解析】考察謂語動詞。首先根據(jù)"I"與“warn”是被動關系，所以應用被動語態(tài)。再根據(jù)“warn”這個動作發(fā)生在"realize"之前，"realize"用的是一般過去時的時態(tài)，所以"warn"應用過去完成時。應填“hadbeenwarned”?！敬鸢浮縟isappeared【解析】考察謂語動詞?！癵uide”與"disappear"之前是主動關系，是“我的'向?qū)?消失”。結(jié)合前句判斷出時態(tài)為一般過去時。應填“disappeared”。16.AnorganizationcalledCampusCosmicRayObservationCollaboration_______(establish)inSeptember2020topromotetheidea.Zhang,headoftheorganization,saidtheyplantobuildmorestationsonschoolcampusesacrossChina.【2021徐匯二?！俊敬鸢浮縲asestablished【解析】考查謂語動詞：根據(jù)句子中的時間狀語inSeptember2020表明時態(tài)是一般過去時，及物動詞缺少賓語，選用wasestablished的被動形式；17.People______(influence)tobecometechnologyaddicted.Onesurveyreportedthat“addicted”wasthewordmostcommonlyusedbypeopletodescribetheirrelationshiptoiPadandsimilardevices.【2021閔行二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avebeeninfluenced【解析】考察謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。這里括號給到的動詞是在句子里作為謂語，再結(jié)合句意判斷為被動語態(tài)，“人們已經(jīng)被影響的變得對設備上癮”，動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響，用完成時態(tài)。綜上，完成時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。18.Oneofhumanity’sgreatestachievementshasbeenmasteringroutesacrosstheworld’soceans.Communitiesseparatedbythousandsofmilesintocontactandreligiousideashavespreadacrossthewaters,whileartisticcreativityhasbeenmotivatedbytheexperienceofseeingtheproductsofdifferentcivilizations.【2021黃埔二?！俊敬鸢浮縣avebeenbrought【解析】考查謂語動詞：句子成分分析此處應該填寫謂語動詞，根據(jù)后半句中的havespread判斷填寫現(xiàn)在完成時，結(jié)合bring為及物動詞后缺少賓語，因此填寫havebeenbrought。高考題型組合練語法填空高考題型組合練Directions:Fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.ForeignAccentSyndrome(綜合癥)31-year-oldEmily’slifechangedgreatlyinJanuary,whenamysteriousconditionleftherunabletospeakfortwomonths.She(21)________(complain)aboutheadachesfortwoweeksbeforeonedayhercolleaguesthennoticedthatherspeechhadbecomeslowandunclear,bothindicatorsofastroke.(22)_________________shewasrushedtothehospital,Emilyhadlostherabilitytospeakcompletely.Afterrunningsometests,doctorsruledoutthestroke,instead(23)________(blame)hervoicelossonsomesortofbraininjury.Afterspendingthreeweeksinthehospital,Emilywasstillunabletospeakandreliedsolelyonbasicsignlanguageshehadpickedupatworkandatext-to-speechapponherphone(24)________(communicate).Encouragedbyherdoctor,EmilywentonavacationinThailand.Afewdaysintothevacation,shestartedtospeakagain.How(25)_______(shock)itwaswhenEmilyoriginallynoticedherEasternEuropeanaccents,butevenmoresowhenshenoticedthatsometimesheraccentwouldchangeoutoftheblue,toPolish,ItalianandevenFrench.Althoughshedoesn’tknowthereason(26)________mayhelpexplainhercondition,shehasnoticedthatithassomethingtodowithhowtiredsheis.InMarchof2020,shewasofficiallydiagnosedwith(27)_______wascommonlycalledForeignAccentSyndrome.“IwassoexcitedwhenmyvoicestartedcomingbackbutnowIdon’tevenrecognizethevoicethatcomesoutofmymouth,itdoesn’tsound(28)________me,”Emilytoldthereporters.Nowhervoiceisback,butunfortunatelyshehastodealwithdiscrimination(歧視)frompeoplewhothinksheisanimmigrant,andhastakentimeoffworkbecausestress(29)_________onlymakeherconditionworse.Emily’scasesoundsshockinglysimilarto(30)_______ofMichelleMyers,anArizonawomanwhonevertraveledoutsideoftheUnitedStates,butwokeuptospeakinginmultipleaccents-British,IrishandAustralian-afterexperiencingsevereheadaches.ShetoowasdiagnosedwithForeignAccentSyndrome.【答案】21.hadcomplained/hadbeencomplaining22.Bythetime23.blaming24.tocommunicate25.shocking26.which/that27.what 28.like29.can 30.that【解析】21.考查動詞。此句含有before的時間狀從，故考慮主句動作發(fā)生在過去的過去。故填hadcomplained/hadbeencomplaining22.考查連詞。從句為一般過去時，主句為過去完成時，可知動作發(fā)生有先后，可聯(lián)想到Bythetime，此空較難，該三空連詞較少出現(xiàn)23.考查動詞。此處非謂語表伴隨，instead為副詞，對句子無影響，故填blaming24.考查動詞。主句已有謂動，故考慮非謂語。因為此處表目的，故填tocommunicate25.考查動詞。此處為非謂語的現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，故填shocking26.考查連詞。此處為定從修飾先行詞reason，故填which/that均可27.考查連詞。此處為介詞賓語從句缺少主語，故填what28.考查介詞。根據(jù)句意可知“…聲音聽起來不像我”故填like29.考查情態(tài)動詞。由stress作主語但謂語make為原形可知此處填情態(tài)動詞。再根據(jù)句意壓力會使她的情況更加惡化。故填can30.考查代詞。指代前面的case，故填that詞匯填空Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.scaleB.uniqueC.costD.distanceE.demonstrateF.intrudeG.diagnosesH.alarmingI.threatenJ.falseK.crucialThehumanfaceisaremarkablepieceofwork.Theastonishingvarietyoffacialfeatureshelpspeoplerecognizeeachotherandis___11___totheformationofcomplexsocieties.Soistheface’sabilitytosendemotionalsignals,whetherthroughaninvoluntaryyawnora(n)___12___smile.Peoplespendmuchoftheirwakinglivesreadingfaces.Technologyisrapidlycatchingup.InAmericafacialrecognitionisusedbychurchestotrackworshippers’attendance.In2017,Welshpoliceusedittoarrestasuspectoutsideafootballgame.Althoughfacesare___13___toindividuals,theyarealsopublic,sotechnologydoesnot,atfirstsight,___14___onsomethingthatisprivate.Andyettheabilitytorecord,storeandanalyzeimagesoffacescheaply,quicklyandonavast___15___promisesonedaytobringaboutfundamentalchangestonotionsofprivacy,fairnessandtrust.Startwithprivacy.Onebigdifferencebetweenfacesandotherbiologicaldata,suchasfingerprints,isthattheyworkata(n)___16___.Anyonewithaphonecantakeapictureforfacial-recognitionprogramstouse.PhotographsofhalfofAmerica’sadultpopulationarestoredindatabasesthatcanbeusedbytheFBItotrackcriminals,butatenormouspotential___17___tocitizens’privacy.Thefaceisnotjustaname-tag.Itdisplaysalotofotherinformation—andmachinescanreadthat,too.Again,thatpromisesbenefits.Somefirmsareanalyzingfacestoprovideautomated___18___ofraregeneticdisordersfarearlierthanwouldotherwisebepossible.Butthetechnologyalsothreatens.ResearchersatStanfordUniversity___19___that,whenshownpicturesofonegayman,andonestraightman,thesystemcouldidentifytheirsexualitycorrectly81%ofthetime.Humansmanagedonly61%.Incountrieswherehomosexualityisacrime,softwarewhichpromisestoinfersexualityfromafaceisa(n)____20____prospect.【答案】11.K12.J13.B14.F15.A16.D17.C18.G19.E20.H【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人臉識別技術在社會各個領域中的應用情況?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：驚人的面部特征多樣性幫助人們互相識別，并且對復雜社會的形成至關重要。根據(jù)上文is可知空處作表語，結(jié)合句意表示“至關重要”可知應填形容詞crucial。故填crucial。故選K?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：面部傳遞情感信號的能力也同樣如此，無論是通過無意識的打哈欠還是虛假的微笑。修飾后文名詞smile，結(jié)合句意表示“虛假的”應用形容詞false。故填false。故選J。【13題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雖然臉是個人獨有的，但它們也是公開的，所以乍一看，技術不會侵犯隱私。根據(jù)上文are可知空處作表語，結(jié)合句意表示“獨有的”應用形容詞unique。故填unique。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞。句意：雖然臉是個人獨有的，但它們也是公開的，所以乍一看，技術不會侵犯隱私。空處作謂語，結(jié)合句意表示“侵犯”可知應填動詞intrude，此處為否定陳述句，應填動詞原形。故填intrude。故選F?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：然而，廉價、快速和大規(guī)模地記錄、存儲和分析人臉圖像的能力，承諾有一天會給隱私、公平和信任的概念帶來根本性的變化。結(jié)合句意表示“大規(guī)模地”可知短語為onavastscale。故填scale。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：人臉和指紋等其他生物數(shù)據(jù)的一大區(qū)別在于，它們的工作距離較遠。結(jié)合句意表示“有相當距離，在遠處”可知短語為atadistance。故填distance。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：美國一半成年人的照片被存儲在數(shù)據(jù)庫中，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局可以利用這些數(shù)據(jù)庫來追蹤罪犯，但這可能會給公民的隱私帶來巨大的潛在損失?？仗幾髻e語，結(jié)合句意表示“損失”應用不可數(shù)名詞cost。故填cost。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一些公司正在通過分析人臉來為罕見的遺傳疾病提供自動診斷，這比其他方法可能提供的時間要早得多?？仗幾髻e語，結(jié)合句意表示“診斷”應用名詞diagnosis，diagnosis為可數(shù)名詞，此處前文沒有冠詞，應用復數(shù)diagnoses。故填diagnoses。故選G。【19題詳解】考查動詞。句意：斯坦福大學的研究人員證明，當展示一個男同性戀和一個異性戀男子的照片時，系統(tǒng)可以正確識別他們的性取向，準確率達81%。空處作謂語，結(jié)合句意表示“證明”應用動詞demonstrate，陳述客觀事實應用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為復數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用原形。故填demonstrate。故選E?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在同性戀是一種犯罪行為的國家，能從人臉推斷出性取向的軟件前景令人擔憂。修飾后文名詞prospect，結(jié)合句意表示“令人擔憂的”應用形容詞alarming，作定語。故填alarming。故選H。ThetraditionaltentcitiesatfestivalssuchasGlastonburymayneverbethesameagain.Inavictoryofgreenbusinessthatiscertaintoappealtoenvironmentally-awaremusic-lovers,adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.MajorfestivalssuchasGlastonburythrowawaysome10,000abandonedtentsattheendofeventseachyear.ForhisfinalyearprojectattheUniversityoftheWestofEngland,JamesDunlopcameupwithamaterialthatcanberecycled.AndtocopewiththeBritishsummer,thecardboardhasbeenmadewaterproof.TakinginspirationfromaJapanesearchitect,whohasusedcardboardtomakebigbuildingsincludingchurches,Mr.Dunlopusedcardboardmaterialforhistents,whichhecalledMyhabs.ThedesignwonanawardattheannualNewDesignersExhibitionafterMr.Dunlopgraduatedfromhisproductdesigndegreeandhedecidedtotrytoturnitintoabusiness.Toraisemoneyfortheidea,hetouredtheCity’sprivatecompanieswhichfundnewbusinessandfoundasupporterinthefinancegroupMint.HeintroducedhisideatofourofMint’sdirectorsandwontheirsupport.Minthascommittedaround￡500,000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop’sbusiness.ThefirstMyhabsshouldbetestedatfestivalsthissummer,beforebeingmarketedfullynextyear.Mr.Dunlopsaidthatthedesign,whichaccommodatestwopeople,couldhaveotheruses,suchasfordisasterreliefandhousingfortheLondonOlympics.Formusicevents,thecardboardhouseswillbeorderedonlineandputupatthesitesbytheMyhabteambeforethefestival-goersarriveandremovedbythecompanyafterwards.Theycanbepersonalizedandthecompanywillofferreductionsontheexpenseifpeopleagreetosellexterior(外部的)advertisingspace.Thebiggestfestivalsattracttensofthousandsofparticipants,withGlastonburyhavingsome150,000eachyear.Altogethertherearearound100annualmusicfestivalswherepeoplecampintheUK.Theeventsarebecomingincreasinglyenvironmentallyconscious.76.“Eco-friendlytents”inparagraph1refertotents_______.A.economicallydesirable B.favorabletotheenvironmentC.forholdingmusicperformances D.designedfordisasterrelief77.Mr.Dunlopestablishedhisbusiness______.A.independentlywithaninterest-freeloanfromMintB.withtheapprovaloftheCity’sadministrationC.inpartnershipwithafinancegroupD.withthehelpofaJapanesearchitect78.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat_______.A.theweatherintheUKischangeableinsummerB.mostperformancesatBritishfestivalsaregivenintheopenairC.thecardboardtentsproducedbyMr.Dunlopcanbeuser-tailoredD.cardboardtentscanbeeasilyputupandremovedbyusers.79.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.A.anattemptatdevelopingrecyclabletentsB.someeffortsatmakingfulluseofcardboardsC.anunusualsuccessofagraduationprojectD.theeffectsofusingcardboardtentsonmusicfestivals76.答案：B解析：這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“adesignstudentistoreceivefinancialsupporttoproduceeco-friendlytentsmadeofcardboardthatcanberecycledafterthebandsandthecrowdshavegonehome.”可知這種紙板做的帳篷可以回收，所以是有利于環(huán)境保護的。77.答案：C解析：這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Minthascommittedaround500000toMyHabandtakenashareof30percentinMr.Dunlop’sbusiness.”可知Mr.Dunlop和Mint是合作方式，Mint提供500000，分獲30%的收益。78.答案：C解析：這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theycanbepersonalized”可知用戶可以對帳篷進行定制。79.答案：A解析：這是一道主旨題。本文主要介紹了Mr.Dunlop發(fā)明了一種用紙板制作的可回收的帳篷，以解決節(jié)日后大量帳篷被丟棄污染環(huán)境的問題。TheNewYearisslowlynearing,andmanypeoplearelookingbackto2020andmoreimportantly,forwardtothecomingyear2021.PeoplemayusetheNewYearasatimetoturnoveranewleaf.AreyouplanningtomakeaNewYearResolution?HereareafewtipsforpreparingtobesuccessfulwithallyourNewYearResolutions.1.ASingleChangeIsEnoughYoucan’tsticktotwotothreeresolutionsatatime.Youwouldeventuallybreakoneofthemforsure.___47___.Don’tgetoverwhelmedandthinkthatyouhavetoreassesseverythinginyourlife.But,don’tbreakthatoneresolutionyoumake,becausethatisimportant.2.WriteDownYourResolutionsOnceyouhavedecidedonyourachievableresolutions,writethemdown.Ithelpstowritedownyourresolutionsoyoucanreferbacktoitoftenduringtheyear.___48___.Also,bywritingitdown,youwillbeabletoreviewitoftenandevaluateyourprogresssincethetimetheresolutionwasmade.4.AskForSupportTellafriendoryourlovedoneswhomyoutrustaboutyourresolution.Theywillprovideyouwithsupportandkeepyoufocusedonyourgoal.Andifyouarewaveringatall,theirsupportwillensureyoudon’tgiveupeasily.Besides,itisadvisabletojoinanonlinesupportgroupforspecificresolutionssuchaslosingweight,givingupchocolate,ortrainingforthenex