2023年上海市高考英語模擬試卷試題二（含答案）

2023學(xué)年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試上海高考英語模擬試卷2I.Listeningcomprehension略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.CatsareactuallysurprisinglybadatcatchingratsIfyouareannoyedbyrats,thinktwiceaboutgettingacat.Acatmightleadtotheappearanceofarat-freehome,butitturnsoutthattheratsarestillthere.Theyarejustkeepingalowprofile."Catsarenotthenaturalenemyofrats,"saysMichaelParsonsofFordhamUniversity,NewYork."Theyprefersmallerprey.”Histeam(21)_______(study)aratcolonyatarecyclingplantinNewYorkinthepastfewyears.Whencatsmovedintotheplantlastyear,theresearchersweredisappointed,butdecidedtosetupcameras(22)_______(monitor)thearea.Overfivemonths,theysawjustthreeattemptsbycatstocatchrats,onlytwoof(23)_______succeeded.Catshavegoodreasonstobecautious.Thecommonrathaslargeteeththatcangiveapainfulbiteandcarrylotsofdiseases.Theyalso(24)_______(weigh)340gramsonaverage一comparedwith25gramsforamouse.Parsonsthinksthatonlystarvingcatswillattempttocatchrats,(25)_______theratsaresickorinjured.Thetworats(26)_______(kill)duringtheteam'sstudymayhavebeenweakenedbyeatingpoisonedfood,hesays.However,catsdohaveabiginfluenceonratbehaviour."Ratsoverestimatetheriskcausedbycats,”saysParsons.Histeamfoundthatwhencatsareinthearea,ratsspendmuchmoretimein(27)_______(hide)andmovearoundcautiously.Thatmeanstheyaremuchlesslikelytobeseenbypeople,whichcouldexplain(28)_______mostpeoplewronglythinkcatsaregoodatkillingrats.Somecatownersmay(29)_______(convince)theirpetsareexcellentratters.ButParsonshasfoundthatmanypeoplemistakemice(30)_______rats.Thatsaid,itispossiblethereareafewexceptionalcatsthatdotakeonhealthy,adultrats,hesays.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.contributors B.describingC.distinct D.favorites E.invitations F.limitsG.name H.pleasurable Lrecall J.unexplored K.usefulTheuniquejoyoflearningnewwordsWithallthat'shappeninginthenews,lifecanfeellikeanexerciseindeterminingtheparticularkindofbadweareexperiencing.Areweanxiousordepressed?Lonelyorstressed?TimLomas,aseniorlecturerinpositivepsychologyattheUniversityofEastLondon,isengagedintheoppositeeffort:analyzingallthetypesofwell-beingthathecanfind.Specifically,Lomasisseekingtouncoverpsychologicalinsightsbycollectinguntranslatablewordsthatdescribe_____31____feelingswedon'thavetermsforinEnglish."It'salmostlikeeachoneisawindowontoanewlandscape,"Lomassays.Sofar,withthehelpofmany_____32_____hehascollectednearly1,000inwhathecallsa“positivelexicography（詞典學(xué)）".Peoplearefascinatedwithuntranslatablewordsinpartbecausetheyare_____33_____:Howelsecouldwetalktoeachotherabouttheguiltypleasureofschadenfreude?ButLomasalsoseesthemasameansofshowingus"newpossibilitiesfbrwaysofliving,”describingthemas_____34_____forpeopletoexperiencehappyphenomenathatmaypreviouslyhavebeen"hiddenfromthem"ortotakedelightinfeelingstheycouldn'tpreviously_____35_____.ConsidertheJapaneseohanami,awordforgatheringwithotherstoappreciatelowers.Linguists（語言學(xué)家）havelongarguedabouthowmuchthelanguagewespeak---partlydeterminedbyfactorslikegeographyandclimate—_____36_____thethoughtswearecapableofhavingortheactionswecantake."Theworldsinwhichdifferentsocietiesliveare_____37_____worlds,notmerelythesameworldwithdifferentlabelsattached,"wrotethetheoristEdwardSapir.StudyingthewordsinLomas'collection,attheleast,isameansofreflectingonwaysthatwecanfeelgood.Whenaskedforoneofhis_____38_____.thepsychologistliststheGermanFemweh,whichdescribesalongingtotraveltodistantlands,akindofhomesicknessforthe_____39_____.AlsodelightfulistheDanishmorgenfrisk,_____40_____thesatisfactiononegetsfromagoodnight'ssleep,andtheLatinotium,highlightingthejoyofbeingincontrolofone'sowntime.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Mostformsofconventionaladvertising—print,radioandbroadcasttelevision―havebeenlosinggroundtoonlineadsfbryears;onlybillboards,datingbacktothe1800s,andTVadsareholdingtheirown.Suchout-of-homeadvertising,asitisknown,isexpectedto_____41_____by3.4%in2022,anddigitalout-of-home（DOOH）advertising,whichincludestheLCDscreensfoundinairportsandshoppingmalls,by16%.Suchadsdrawviewers5attentionfromphonesandcannotbeskippedor_____42_____,unlikeadsonline.Billboardownersarealso_____43_____thelocationdatathatarepouringoffpeople'ssmartphones.Informationabouttheirowners'locationsandonlinebrowsinggetscollectedandsoldtomediaowners.Theythenusethesedatatoworkoutwhendifferentgroups一"businesstravellers”，say—walkbytheirads.That_____44_____isaddedtoinsightsintotraffic,weatherandotherexternaldatatoproducehighlyrelevantads.DOOH45candeliveradsforcoffeewhenitiscoldandiceddrinkswhenitiswarm.Such_____46_____worksparticularlywellwhenitisaccompaniedby"programmatic"advertisingmethods,atermthatdescribestheuseofdatatoautomateandimproveads.InthepastyearbillboardownerssuchasClearChannelandjcDecauxhave_____47_____programmaticplatformswhichallowbrandsandmediabuyerstoselect,purchaseandplaceadsinminutes,ratherthandaysorweeks.Itissaidthatoutdooradswillincreasinglybeboughtlikeonlineones,basedonaudienceandviewsaswellas_____48_____.Thatispossiblebecausebillboardownersclaimtobeableto_____49_____howwelltheiradsareworking,eventhoughno"click-through"ratesareinvolved.Datafirmscantelladvertisershowmanypeoplewalkpastindividualadvertisementsatparticulartimesoftheday.Advertiserscanestimatehowmanyindividuals_____50_____toanadforahandbagthengoontovisitanearbyshop(orwebsite)andbuytheproduct.Suchmetricsmakeoutdooradsmore_____51_____-driven,automatedandmeasurable,arguesMichaelProvenzano,co-founderofVistarMedia,anad-techfirminNewYork.However,theoutdoor-adrevolutionisnot_____52_____-free.Thecollectionofmobile-phonedataraisesprivacyconcerns.And_____53_____oftheonline-adbusinessforbeingvague,andoccasionallydishonest,mayalsobetargetedattheOOHbusinessasitbecomesbiggerandmorecomplex.Theindustryisreadyto_____54_____suchconcerns,saysJean-ChristopheConti,chiefexecutiveofVIOOH,amedia-buyingplatform.Oneofthe_____55_____offollowingtheonline-adpioneers,henotes,islearningfromtheirmistakes.41.A.shrink B.grow C.disappear D.emerge42.A.obtained B.blocked C.separated D.arranged43.A.makingprogressin B.gettingengagedin C.becomingpartof D.takingadvantageof 44.A.value B.record C.knowledge D.feeling45.A.opponents B.providers C.learners D.instructors46.A.adding B.collecting C.targeting D.producing47.A.changed B.forbidden C.cleared D.launched48.A.marketing B.evolution C.location D.branding49.A.measure B.wonder C.notice D.forget50.A.devoted B.opposed C.related D.exposed5LA.concept B.data C.customer D.research52.A.stress B.conflict C.injury D.problem53.A.aspects B.demands C.criticisms D.details54.A.address B.share C.reflect D.emphasize55.A.benefits B.difficulties C.challenges D.conditionsSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)KimHyoJin,ashyjuniorhighschoolstudent,stoodbeforeherAmericanteacher.Thesmilingteacherheldupagreenpepper(青椒)andaskedinclearEnglish:"Whatisthis?""Peemang!"answeredtheSouthKoreanteenager,whothencoveredhermouthwithahandasiftostop—toolate-theKoreanwordthathadlefthermouth.Embarrassed,shetriedagain.Withoutlookingtheteacherintheeye,sheheldbothherhandsoutandasked,thistimeinEnglish:"MayIhavegreenpepper?”Kimtookthevegetablewithabow,andranbacktoherclassmates,feelingrelievedthatshehadsuccessfullytakenasmallfirststeptowardovercomingwhatSouthKoreansconsideroneoftheirbiggestweaknessesinglobalcompetitiveness:thefearofspeakinginEnglishtowesterners.Kimwasamong300juniorhighschoolstudentsgoingthroughaweeklongtraininginthisnew"EnglishVillage”.Thecomplexlookslikeamini-towntransplantedfromaEuropeancountrytothisSouthKoreancountryside.Ithasitsownimmigrationoffice,cityhall,bookstore,cafeteria,gym.amainstreetwithWesternstorefronts,policeofficersandalive-inpopulationof160nativeEnglishspeakers.AllsignsareinEnglish,theonlylanguageallowed.Here,onasix-daycoursethatchargeseachstudent80,000won,or$82,pupilscheckintoahotel,shop,takecookinglessonsandmakemusicvideos—allinEnglish.Therearelanguagepolicemenaround,punishingstudentsspeakingKoreanwithafineinthevillagecurrencyorreddotsontheirvillagepassports.SouthKoreahasbecomeoneofthemostaggressivecountriesinAsiaatteachingEnglishtoitscitizens.Outsidetheschoolsystem,parentsarepayinganestimated10trillionwonayeartohelptheirchildrenlearnEnglishathomeorabroad.Nevertheless,manycollegegraduatesareafraidofchattingwithnativespeakers.That,linguistssay,isaresultofanationalschoolsystemthattraditionallystressesreadingandmemorizationofEnglishgrammarandvocabularyattheexpenseofconversation.InKoreaUniversityofSeoul,30percentofallclassesarenowinEnglish.SpeakingEnglishwithanativeaccenthasbecomeastatussymbol.56.WhatwasKimHyoJin'sproblem?A.ShespokeEnglishwithaKoreanaccent,B.ShedarednottalkwithwesternersinEnglish.C.ShewasafraidoflookingattheEnglishteacher.D.ShekeptstayingwithherKoreanclassmates.57.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthe"EnglishVillage"?A.ItislocatedinaEuropeancountry.B.Ithouses460Koreanstudentsinaweek.C.StudentswillbepunishedfornotspeakingEnglish.D.Studentstaketurnstoserveaslanguagepolicemen.58.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthewaythatKoreanstudentslearnEnglishatschool?A.Therearen'tenoughEnglishclassesgiventostudents.B.Studentsdon'thaveenoughchancetopractisespeaking.C.Emphasisisplacedonstudents'abilitytocommunicate.D.Grammarandvocabularyistaughtbyold-fashionedmethods.59.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Let'sReadinEnglishB.EnglishasaGlobalLanguageC.AHungerforEnglishLessonsD.ChangeinKoreans'AttitudetoEnglish(B)Thelivelihoodofeachspeciesdependsontheexistencesofotherorganisms.Thisinterdependenceissometimesvague,sometimesobvious.Perhapsthemoststraightforwarddependenceofonespeciesonanotheroccurswithparasites,organismsthatliveonorinotherlivingthingsandgetnutrientsdirectlyfromthem.Theparasiticwayoflifeiswidespread,Anumberofmicro-organisms(includingvirusesandbacteria)andanarmyofinvertebrates(無脊椎動物)maketheirlivingsdirectlyattheexpenseofothercreatures.Inthefaceofthisattack,livingthingshaveevolvedavarietyofdefensemechanismsforprotectingtheirbodiesfrominvasionbyotherorganisms. Certainfungi(真菌)andevensomekindsofbacteriareleasesubstancesknownasantibioticsintotheirexternalenvironment.Thesesubstancesarecapableofkillingorpreventingthegrowthofvariouskindsofbacteriathatalsooccupythearea,thuseliminatingorreducingthecompetitionfornutrients.Thesameprincipleisusedindefenseagainstinvadersinothergroupsoforganisms.Forexample,whenattackedbydisease-causingfungiorbacteria,manykindsofplantsproducechemicalsthathelptofightofftheinvaders.Membersoftheanimalkingdomhavedevelopedavarietyofdefensemechanismsfordealingwithparasites.Althoughthesemechanismsvaryconsiderably,allmajorgroupsofanimalsarecapableofdetectingandreactingtothepresenceof"foreign”cells.Infact,throughouttheanimalkingdom,thereisevidencethattransplantsofcellsorpartsoftissuesintoananimalareacceptedonlyiftheycomefromcloselyrelatedindividuals.Theabilitytodistinguishbetween"self”and"nonself"whilepresentinallanimals,ismostefficientamongvertebrates,whichhavedevelopedanimmunesystemastheirdefensemechanism.Theimmunesystemrecognizesandtakesactionagainstforeigninvadersandtransplantedtissuesthataretreatedasforeigncells.60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A.Howorganismsreacttoinvaders.B.Howparasitesreproducethemselves.C.Howantibioticsworktocuredisease.D.Howtheimmunesystemsofvertebratesdeveloped.61.Accordingtothepassage,someorganismsproduceantibioticsinorderto________.A.aiddigestionB.fightoffotherorganismsC.preventdiseaseinhumansD.createnewtypesofnutrients62.Accordingtothepassage,theabilitytodistinguishbetween"selfand"nonself'enablesvertebratesto________.A.getridofantibioticsB.accepttransplantedcellsC.detectandreacttoinvasionD.weakentheirimmunesystem（C）AsFransdeWaal,aprimatologist（靈長動物學(xué)家）,recognizes,abetterwaytothinkaboutothercreatureswouldbetoaskourselveshowdifferentspecieshavedevelopeddifferentkindsofmindstosolvedifferentadaptiveproblems.Surelytheimportantquestionisnotwhetheranimalscandothesamethingshumanscan,buthowthoseanimalssolvethecognitive（認(rèn)知的）problemstheyface,likehowtoimitatetheseafloor.Childrenandsomeanimalsaresointerestingnotbecausetheyaresmartlikeus,butbecausetheyaresmartinwayswehaven'tevenconsidered.Sometimesstudyingchildren'swaysofknowingcancastlightonadult-humancognition.Children'spretendplaymayhelpusunderstandouradulttasteforfiction.DeWaalsresearchprovidesanotherinterestingexample.Wehumanbeingstendtothinkthatoursocialrelationshipsarerootedinourperceptions,beliefs,anddesires,andourunderstandingoftheperceptions,beliefs,anddesiresofothers―whatpsychologistscallour"theoryofmind”.Inthe‘80sand'90s,developmentalpsychologistsshowedthatpreschoolersandeveninfantsunderstandmindsapartfromtheirown.Butitwashardtoshowthatotheranimalsdidthesame."Theoryofmind"becameacandidateforthespecial,uniquelyhumantrick.YetdeWaal'sstudiesshowthatchimps（黑猩猩）possessaremarkablydevelopedpoliticalintelligence―theyaremuchinterestedinfiguringoutsocialrelationships.Itturnsout,asdeWaaldescribes,thatchimpsdoinfersomethingaboutwhatotherchimpssee.Butexperimentalstudiesalsosuggestthatthishappensonlyinacompetitivepoliticalcontext.Theevolutionaryanthropologist（人類學(xué)家）BrainHareandhiscolleaguesgaveajuniorchimpachoicebetweenpiecesoffoodthatadominantchimphadseenhiddenandotherpiecesithadnotseenhidden.Thejuniorchimp,whowatchedallthehiding,stayedawayfromthefoodthedominantchimphadseen,buttookthefoodithadn'tseen.Anyonewhohasgonetoanacademicconferencewillrecognizethatwemaybeinthesamesituation.Wemaysaythatwesignupbecausewe'reeagertofindoutwhatotherhumanbeingsthink,butwe'rejustasinterestedinwho'sontop.Manyofthepoliticaljudgmentswemaketheredon'thavemuchtodowithourtheoryofmind.Wemayshowourrespecttoafamousprofessorevenifwehavenorespectforhisideas.Untilrecently,however,therewasn'tmuchresearchintohowhumansdevelopandemploythiskindofpoliticalknowledge.Itmaybethatweunderstandthesocialworldintermsofdominance,likechimps,butwe'rejustnotusuallyaspoliticallymotivatedastheyare.Insteadofaskingwhetherwehaveabettereverydaytheoryofmind,wemightwonderwhethertheyhaveabettereverydaytheoryofpolitics.63.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,inwhatwaycanananimalbeconsideredsmart?A.Itcanbehavelikeahumankid.B.Itcanimitatewhathumanbeingsdo.C.Itcanfindasolutiontoitsownproblem.D.Itcanfigureoutthoseadaptiveproblems.64.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesour"theoryofmind”？A.Wetalkwithinfantsinawaythattheycanfullyunderstand.B.Wemakeguessesatwhatothersthinkwhileinteractingwiththem.C.Wehideouremotionswhenwetryestablishingcontactwithastranger.D.Wetrytounderstandhowkids'pretendplayaffectourtasteforfiction.65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Neitherhumannoranimalsdisplaytheirpreferenceofdominance.B.Animalsthatliveinacompetitivepoliticalcontextaresmarter.C.Bothhumansandsomeanimalshavepoliticalintelligence.D.Humansaremoreinterestedinwho'sontopthananimals.66.Bytheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph,thewritermeansthat_________.A.weknowlittleabouthowchimpsarepoliticallymotivatedB.ourpoliticalknowledgedoesn'talwaysdeterminehowwebehaveC.ourtheoryofmindmightenableustounderstandourtheoryofpoliticsD.moreresearchshouldbeconductedtounderstandanimals'socialworldSectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thisistheideathattryingtochangesomeone'sfalsebeliefcanmakethembelieveitmorestrongly.B.However,morerecentstudiesarefarmoreencouraging.C.Anyonecanspreadalie,butitusuallytakesabitoftimeandknowledgetoexplainwhyastatementiswrong.D.Butsometimesthereareshortcutstomakeyourpointconvincing.E.Ifyouarenotsureofthefacts,dosomewebbrowsingonyourphoneratherthantryingtowingit.F.Ifthishappens,youdon'thavetojustsittherequiet.ChangingSomeone'sMindattheDinnerTableFamilygatheringscanbringuptopicsweprefertoavoid.Withthefestiveseasoninfullswing,itmightbehardtostayawayfromsomeannoyingrelatives.Atsomepoint,youknowtheywillsaysomethinglike:"Geneticallymodifiedfoodsarenotsafetoeat"or"Climatechangeisaconspiracy”.（Surely,allthesestatementsareuntrue.）_______67_______“Isitworthmakinganefforttocorrectpeople?”saysJasonReiflerattheUniversityofExeter,UK,whostudieswaysofchallengingmisperceptions.UIthinkso.”O(jiān)bviously,itisfarmoredifficulttoprovefalsebeliefswrongthantospreadthem.Takeaclassic:"Theclimatehasalwayschanged,it'snothingtodowithhumans."Tofightthis,youneedtoexplainhowtheworldisnowwarmingatanalarmingrate,whenotherwiseitwouldbecoolingslightlywereitnotforourcarbondioxideemissions._______69_______"Parallel"argumentscanoftenhighlightlogicalerrorsveryeffectively,saysJohnCookofGeorgeMasonUniversity,Virginia.Forinstance,the"climateisalwayschanging"mythislikeclaimingthatbecausepeoplehavealwaysstolenfromeachother,leavingyourhouseunlockedwon'tincreasetheriskofburglary（入室搶劫）.Butyouneedtobeawareofthebackfire（適得其反的）effect._______70_______Thiswasdiscouragingnewsforthefightagainstfalsebeliefs."Thelastthingyouwanttodowhendebunking（駁斥）misinformationismakemattersworse,"wroteCookandStephanLewandowskyattheUniversityofBristol,UK,inTheDebunkingHandbook,ashortguidepublishedin2011.However,morerecentstudiesarefarmoreencouraging.It'snotascommonasweinitiallythought,"saysLewandowsky.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WorkingAroundAccordingtothelateststatistics,youngmenandwomenfromtheUKareleavingtheircountryinlargenumbersbecausetheywanttoworkabroad.Istheideaofworkingabroadfactorfictionandwhatisitliketoworkinanothercountry?Inordertofindanswerstothesequestions,theGuardiannewspaperrecentlyinterviewedBritishworkersinFrance,Germany,SpainandHolland.Whattheydiscoveredwasthatifyouhaveamarketableskillandcanspeakthelanguageofthecountryyouarein,thenyouwillhavenoproblemfindingwork.Let'stakethefollowingexamples.PeterTatemovedtoFrancein1991.HehadstudiedlightingdesigninEnglandandhadworkedforelevenyearsintheatresaroundthecountry.Hewantedadifferentlifestyleandcertainlydidn'texpecttogetajobinhisfieldimmediately.HedidanumberofdifferentjobsuntilhewasfinallyhiredbyDisneylandParisin1992.Firstheworkedthereasalightingtechnician,thenheeventuallygotajobindesign.Afterallhisexperience,hesaysthatyouhavetoberealisticaboutfindingexactlythekindofjobyouwantabroad."Thetheatr