永恒主義新新

永恒主義

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lismerenniaReadingisabasictoolinthelivingofagoodlife.

——MortimerJ.AdlerDefinitionBackgroundRepresentativesWhatIsthePurposeofEducation?WhatKonwledgeIsofMostWorth?WhoShouldDecideWhatIsofValue?WhatShouldBeIncludeintheCurriculum?WhatIsTheRoleofaTeacher?HowShouldStudentsBeTreated?PerennialismTodayDefinition[perennial:referstosomethingthatisrecurring.]Perennialistsvieweducationasthediscoveryandteachingofthoseunderlyingandunchangingtruths.Perennialistsemphasizecultivatingreasonandtheintellect.PerennialistscontendthatWesternsocietylostitswayseveralcenturiesago.Theydecrywhattheyseeasatrendforsocietytorelyonexperimentalscienceandtechnology-developmenttheyfeardivertsattentionawayfromenduringtruthBackgroundRepresentatives(Robert·M·Hutehins)赫欽斯(MortimerJ.Adler)艾德勒WhatIsthePurposeofEducation?Preparingindividualstobeparticipatingmembersofsocietywhocancopewithchangeisviewedasbestaccomplishedbydevelopingtheintellect.--toensurestudentsacquireunderstandingsaboutthegreatideasofWesterncivilization.--toteacheternaltruthsthatcanbeappliedtoanyproblem.--tocultivatetherationalintellect

Perennialistsviewkonwledgeasunchanging,theyseetheclassicsofWesterncivilizationascontainingthosegreattruthsthatshouldbetaught.Theyvalueknowledgethatwillchallengethestudentstodevelopintellectualskill.WhoShouldDecideWhatIsofValue?Whatisofvalueislefttotradition.theclassicsisthekonwledgeofmostvalue.palcehighvalueonsubjectsuchasphilosophy,history,literature,theclassics,andmathematics.

WhatKonwledgeIsofMostWorth?.WhatShouldBeIncludeintheCurriculum?Perennialists

recommendthatstudentslearndirectlyfromreadingandanalyzingtheGreatBooks.

ForthePerennialist,agreateducationisastudyoftheclassics.

永恒學(xué)科理智訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容：哲學(xué)、文學(xué)、歷史理智訓(xùn)練的方法：數(shù)學(xué)、科學(xué)、藝術(shù)進(jìn)行理智訓(xùn)練的工具：讀、寫(xiě)、算、拉丁語(yǔ)和希臘語(yǔ)

課程指導(dǎo)計(jì)劃大學(xué)課程—“名著”

1.它是實(shí)現(xiàn)教育目的的最好途徑。2.名著的定向都是概念的、理論的，從任何意義上講，它都不是技術(shù)的，應(yīng)用的。3.讀書(shū)本身就是一種很好的理智的訓(xùn)練。不讀這些名著，就不能理解當(dāng)代世界。

小學(xué)課程讀、寫(xiě)、算的基本訓(xùn)練，養(yǎng)成道德習(xí)慣。熟記古典著作中的個(gè)別部分。

HowShouldStudentsBeTreated?

Thedemandingcurriculumfocusesonattainingculturalliteracy,stressingstudents'growthinenduringdisciplines.--tocultivatetheintellect.--tohelpstudentsthinkdeeplyandanalytically.--tobringthemintocontactwithgreatideas.--toencounterthesamecurriculumwithnoelectives.APerennialistteacherholdsfasttoaconstantcurriculumandholdsfasttoconcretematerialsthatdefinewhatheorshewillteach(ratherthanassessingtheclassandmeetingthestudents'needs).--educatedintheliberalarts--anauthorityfigure;--disseminatorofthetruth--a“directorofmentalcalisthenics”--anintellectualcoachWhatIsTheRoleofaTeacher?PerennialismToday

CriticsviewPerennialismasabackwardlookingapproachthatignorestherealitiesofthecontemporaryworld.

Inaddition,theyseePerennialismas