模塊六unit3 虛擬語氣

Unit3UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageUnrealconditionals(thesubjunctivemood)虛擬語氣觀察下列兩個句子，根據體會說出它們的差異：1.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnot

climbthemountain.2.Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldnot

climbthemountain.

realconditionalunrealconditionalthesubjunctivemood

虛擬語氣(theSubjunctiveMood)是用來表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是主觀愿望、假設、建議、推測、純粹的空想等。

語氣（mood）也是動詞的一種形式變化。它表示說話者對所指的動詞或狀態(tài)所持的態(tài)度，而且，在謂語動詞上有所體現，語氣可分為三種：陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。

Introduction

例1：Thesedoggiesaresleepingverysoundly.

（陳述語氣）

例2：Stoplaughing!（祈使語氣）

Ifyoukeptbeatingmelikethis,Iwouldtellyourteacher.例3：（虛擬語氣）

虛擬語氣的用法：

虛擬語氣可用于條件句和其它一些從句中。虛擬語氣用于條件句中的情況較復雜,所以要特別加以注意。首先，要判斷一下是否該用虛擬語氣,因為條件句有兩種,一種是真實條件句,一種是非真實條件句,只有在非真實條件句中才用虛擬語氣,在真實條件句中,要用陳述語氣。

如果條件句假設的情況完全不存在或者實現的可能性很小,甚至可以說幾乎沒有時,就需要用虛擬語氣來表達,也就是說,此時的條件句是非真實條件句。非真實條件句的謂語動詞形式：與現在事實相反的條件句的結構：條件句：過去時（be動詞用were）主句：would/could/might+動詞原形IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldgoatonce.IfIgotthechance,Iwouldwanttobealawyer.例如：注意:

在非正式表述或口語中，ifI/he/she/it之后,可用was代替were。兩者在意義上沒有區(qū)別，但是were更為正式，特別是在表述心存懷疑的事情時：IfLucywereready,wewouldstart.假如露西準備好了，我們就出發(fā)。與過去事實相反的條件句的結構：Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.Iftheboyhadgotupearlier,hewouldhavecaughtthebus.條件句：過去完成時

haddone主句：would/could/might+havedone與將來事實相反的條件句的結構：條件句：If…was/were/did…主句：…would/could/mightdoIfitweresunnytomorrow,wewouldgocamping.IfIwerefreenextSunday,Iwouldcertainlygotoyourparty.注意:

在與將來事實可能相反的條件句中,謂語動詞還可用wereto或should+do來表示,如:IfIweretofailmydrivingtest,Iwouldhavetotakeitagainnextmonth.Ifheshouldcometomorrow,Iwouldtalktohimaboutit.If從句主句與現在事實相反謂語動詞用--謂語動詞用--與過去事實相反謂語動詞用--謂語動詞用--與將來事實相反謂語動詞用--謂語動詞用--1)did2)be動詞用wereshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+doshould/would/could/might+have+done1)did/were2)shoulddo3)weretodohad+doneSummary注意：1.除了if外，還要關注其它幾個連詞，suppose,supposing,（假如），provided,providing,(如果），Supposetherewerenogravity,objectswouldnotfalltothegroundwhendropped.2.用在lest(以免，免得），forfearthat（唯恐）和incase引導的狀語從句中，這時謂語動詞用（should）+動詞原形1）Sheclosedthewindowslestshecatchcold.2）Theboyhidhimselfbehindthedoorforfearthat/incasehisfather(should)seehim.3)Takeyourraincoatincase/lestit(should)rain.Practice完成鳳凰學案p66自主學習A.非真實條件句的省略與倒裝：

在非真實條件句中,如果有were,had,should,

我們可以將if省略,把這些詞置于從句的句首,形成倒裝,如:IfIshouldmeether,Iwouldtellher.=ShouldImeether,Iwouldtellher.(從句在前）

IwouldtellhershouldImeether.(從句在后）IfIwereinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.=WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddoitbetter.

Iftheyhadmadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.=Hadtheymadepreparations,theywouldhavesucceeded.Theywouldhavesucceededhadtheymadepreparations

如果虛擬條件句中沒有were,had和should則不能省略if,當然也不能倒裝。注意：Practice

1.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we______allrightnow.A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe2.Ifhe_____metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenableC.werenotableD.arenotableAA3.___today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves4.Ifit____thisafternoon,theEnglishpartywouldberuined.A.rainsB.rainedC.willrainD.wasrainingCB5.Ifyouhadrungusyesterday,wewould______youthatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.A.tellB.havetoldC.hadtoldD.betellingB高考鏈接：Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble___theschedule.(2015江蘇高考）A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown1.ItmighthavesavedmesometroubleifIhadknowntheschedule.2.IfIhadknowntheschedule,itmighthavesavedmesometrouble.———theschedule,itmighthavesavedmesometrouble.(此題考察虛擬語氣表示與過去事實相反，省略if,用部分倒裝，但難點是if從句放在主句后面，看起來不習慣，有點別扭）D虛擬語氣考點總結：虛擬語氣考查的方式是根據時間正確選用符合條件的動詞形式。

1）考查主句時，從句會給出時間暗示。

2）考查從句時，主句會給出時間暗示。

3）主句和從句同時考查時，則會另附一句時間暗示?？傊?，根據線索正確判斷時間是做好虛擬語氣題目的前提。

本節(jié)課總結：今天我們主要學習了以下三個內容辨別連詞if引導的真實性條件句和非真實性條件句。掌握虛擬語氣在if從句中表示與三種事實相反的用法。（特別是主，從句謂語動詞用什么形式）省略if,