2023年醫(yī)學(xué)免疫學(xué)人衛(wèi)版題庫

第一章《免疫學(xué)概論》練習(xí)題一、單項選擇題1.免疫是指·······························································（)A、機(jī)體辨認(rèn)和排除抗原性異物的功能Ｂ、機(jī)體清除和殺傷自身突變細(xì)胞的功能C、機(jī)體清除自身衰老、死亡的組織細(xì)胞的功能D、機(jī)體對病原微生物的防御２．免疫對機(jī)體是····························································(）A、有害的B、有利的C、有利也有害D、正常條件下有利,異常條件下有害3．機(jī)體抵抗病原微生物感染的功能稱為········································(）Ａ、免疫監(jiān)視Ｂ、免疫自穩(wěn) ??C、免疫耐受D、免疫防御４．機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)辨認(rèn)和清除突變細(xì)胞的功能稱為································（)Ａ、免疫監(jiān)視B、免疫自穩(wěn) ??C、免疫耐受D、免疫防御5．機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)對自身正常成分耐受，清除衰老、損傷細(xì)胞的功能稱為··············（)A、免疫監(jiān)視B、免疫自穩(wěn) ??Ｃ、免疫耐受D、免疫防御6.關(guān)于固有免疫的特點(diǎn)，下列表述錯誤的是·····································(）A、可遺傳B、感染初期起重要作用C、無免疫記憶D、特異性7．關(guān)于固有免疫的特點(diǎn),下列表述錯誤的是·····································()Ａ、可遺傳B、感染后期及防止再感染中起重要作用C、無免疫記憶D、非特異性8.關(guān)于固有免疫的特點(diǎn),下列表述錯誤的是·····································（）A、可遺傳B、感染初期起重要作用C、有免疫記憶D、非特異性９．關(guān)于適應(yīng)性免疫的特點(diǎn),下列表述錯誤的是··································(）A、獲得性B、感染初期起重要作用C、有免疫記憶D、特異性１0．關(guān)于適應(yīng)性免疫的特點(diǎn)，下列表述錯誤的是··································()A、可遺傳B、感染后期及防止再感染中起重要作用C、有免疫記憶D、特異性１1.關(guān)于適應(yīng)性免疫的特點(diǎn),下列表述錯誤的是··································(）A、獲得性B、感染后期及防止再感染中起重要作用C、無免疫記憶D、特異性12．屬于固有免疫應(yīng)答的細(xì)胞是···············································()A、T淋巴細(xì)胞B、B淋巴細(xì)胞 ?C、NK細(xì)胞D、上皮細(xì)胞13.屬于適應(yīng)性免疫應(yīng)答的細(xì)胞是·············································（)A、單核-巨噬細(xì)胞Ｂ、中性粒細(xì)胞? C、ＮK細(xì)胞D、T、B淋巴細(xì)胞二、填空題１.最早接種人痘苗防止天花的國家是。2.免疫系統(tǒng)由、和組成。3.機(jī)體的免疫應(yīng)答可分為兩種類型,一種稱,另一種稱。4.免疫系統(tǒng)三大功能涉及、、。5.在異常情況下，免疫防御功能異?？砂l(fā)生__＿_(dá)____＿＿＿＿，免疫防御功能過低或缺如則可發(fā)生＿_(dá)_____＿＿＿_(dá)_病,免疫自穩(wěn)功能異常易發(fā)生______＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)病;免疫監(jiān)視功能低下可發(fā)生＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_。6．固有免疫細(xì)胞通過? 受體辨認(rèn)病原生物表達(dá)的 ? ??。7．固有免疫細(xì)胞有、、、等。三、名詞解釋免疫? PＡMP ＰＲR四、簡答題１．簡述免疫系統(tǒng)的三大功能及其生理表現(xiàn)和病理表現(xiàn)。2．試比較固有免疫和適應(yīng)性免疫的作用特點(diǎn)。第二章《免疫器官和組織》練習(xí)題一、單項選擇題１.人類的中樞免疫器官是····················································（）Ａ、淋巴結(jié)和脾臟B、胸腺和骨髓C、淋巴結(jié)和胸腺D、骨髓和黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織2．T細(xì)胞和B細(xì)胞定居的場合是··············································()A、骨髓B、外周免疫器官和組織C、中樞免疫器官D、胸腺3.下列哪種器官是最大的外周免疫器官········································（)A、肝臟B、扁桃體???C、腸系膜淋巴結(jié)Ｄ、脾臟4.既可來源于髓樣干細(xì)胞，又可來源于淋巴樣干細(xì)胞的免疫細(xì)胞是(）A、單核-巨噬細(xì)胞B、中性粒細(xì)胞 C、NＫ細(xì)胞D、樹突狀細(xì)胞5．淋巴結(jié)的胸腺依賴區(qū)是····················································()A、皮質(zhì)區(qū)Ｂ、髓質(zhì)區(qū) ? Ｃ、淺皮質(zhì)區(qū)D、深皮質(zhì)區(qū)6．脾臟的胸腺依賴區(qū)是······················································()A、紅髓 ?B、白髓?? Ｃ、脾小結(jié)D、PALS7.淋巴結(jié)內(nèi)T細(xì)胞約占淋巴細(xì)胞的比例為······································()Ａ、75%B、2５% ?? C、50%D、10%８.脾臟內(nèi)T細(xì)胞約占淋巴細(xì)胞的比例為········································()A、60%B、40%Ｃ、5０%D、20%二、填空題１．免疫系統(tǒng)由、、組成。2．人類的中樞免疫器官涉及? ?和?? ，外周免疫器官涉及、、等。3．中樞免疫器官中,B細(xì)胞分化、成熟的場合是,Ｔ細(xì)胞分化、成熟的場合是。4.人造血干細(xì)胞的重要表面標(biāo)志為和。5.在骨髓人分化成熟的淋巴細(xì)胞有和。三、名詞解釋淋巴細(xì)胞歸巢? 淋巴細(xì)胞再循環(huán)四、簡答題１．簡述免疫系統(tǒng)的組成。2．簡述中樞免疫器官的組成和各器官重要功能。 3.簡述外周免疫器官的組成和各器官重要功能。４．何謂淋巴細(xì)胞再循環(huán),其生物學(xué)意義是什么？第三章《抗原》練習(xí)題一、單項選擇題1．下列沒有免疫原性的物質(zhì)是················································（)A、異嗜性抗原Ｂ、抗體 ?C、補(bǔ)體Ｄ、半抗原２．抗原的特異性取決于······················································()Ａ、抗原決定基的性質(zhì)B、抗原決定基的數(shù)量Ｃ、抗原分子量的大小D、載體的性質(zhì)3．TＤ-Aｇ得名,是由于它·····················································(）A、在胸腺中產(chǎn)生B、相應(yīng)抗體在胸腺中產(chǎn)生C、對此抗原不產(chǎn)生體液免疫Ｄ、相應(yīng)的抗體產(chǎn)生需要T細(xì)胞輔助4．下列不屬于ＴＤ-Aｇ的是···················································()Ａ、血清蛋白B、細(xì)菌外毒素 C、類毒素D、細(xì)菌脂多糖5．僅有抗原性而無免疫原性的物質(zhì)稱為········································（）Ａ、超抗原B、半抗原 ??C、完全抗原Ｄ、異嗜性抗原6．存在于人、動物及微生物等不同種屬之間的共同抗原稱為·······················（）A、異種抗原B、交叉抗原???Ｃ、超抗原D、異嗜性抗原7.同一種屬不同個體之間存在的不同抗原稱為··································(）A、異種抗原Ｂ、同種異型抗原 Ｃ、獨(dú)特型抗原D、Ｆｏrｓsｍan抗原８.引起同胞兄弟之間移植排斥反映的抗原屬于··································()A、異種抗原B、同種異型抗原 ?C、自身抗原Ｄ、Forssｍａn抗原９.動物來源的破傷風(fēng)抗毒素對破傷風(fēng)病人而言是································（）A、半抗原B、抗體 ??C、抗原D、既是抗體又是抗原10．從化學(xué)屬性而言，下列免疫原性最強(qiáng)的物質(zhì)是································()A、蛋白質(zhì)Ｂ、多糖類???C、類脂D、核酸11．關(guān)于佐劑,下列表述是錯誤的是············································（）A、佐劑是特異性免疫增強(qiáng)劑B、可延長抗原在體內(nèi)潴留時間C、動物實驗中最常用佐劑的是弗氏完全佐劑和弗氏不完全佐劑Ｄ、可刺激APC,增強(qiáng)其對抗原的加工和提呈1２.下列屬于同種異型抗原的是···············································（)A、食入的異種蛋白Ｂ、改變的自身成分 C、異嗜性抗原D、血型抗原13.下列屬于超抗原的是·····················································（)A、IgGB、白蛋白???C、絲裂原D、熱休克蛋白14．TD-Ａg具有的表位通常是·················································(）A、T細(xì)胞表位B、既不是T細(xì)胞表位，也不是Ｂ細(xì)胞表位C、B細(xì)胞表位?? D、同時有T細(xì)胞表位和B細(xì)胞表位15．有的抗原被稱為ＴI抗原,這是由于·········································()Ａ、來源于非胸腺組織?????B、誘生的抗體重要在骨髓中產(chǎn)生C、往往具有多個不同的抗原決定基 ?D、刺激B細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗體,不需要Ｔ細(xì)胞輔助1６．屬于異嗜性抗原的是·····················································()Ａ、Ｒh抗原與人的紅細(xì)胞 ? B、馬血清與破傷風(fēng)梭菌C、AFP與乙型肝炎病毒 ???D、大腸埃希菌O14與人結(jié)腸黏膜１7．關(guān)于超抗原,下列描述錯誤的是············································（）A、直接與APC的MＨＣ類分子非多態(tài)性外側(cè)結(jié)合??B、不要ＡPC加工解決C、與TＣRV鏈結(jié)合 ? ? D、有MＨC限制性18．關(guān)于TI抗原，下列描述錯誤的是···········································()A、只有B細(xì)胞表位，無T細(xì)胞表位?? B、激活的細(xì)胞為B１細(xì)胞C、無ＭHC限制性?? ????D、產(chǎn)生的抗體重要是IgG19．只具有與抗體結(jié)合能力，而單獨(dú)不能誘導(dǎo)機(jī)體產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)抗體的物質(zhì)是···········（)A、完合抗原? ?B、TD抗原?? C、ＴI抗原? D、半抗原2０.與載體蛋白偶聯(lián)后才獲得免疫原性的物質(zhì)是·································（)A、超抗原 ?B、半抗原 C、TI抗原???D、TＤ抗原21．甲、乙兩種抗原都能與某一抗體發(fā)生特異性結(jié)合反映,這兩種抗原互相稱為·······（)A、半抗原 B、共同抗原???C、完全抗原 D、同種異型抗原二、填空題1．具有而無的物質(zhì)稱為半抗原。2.具有性和性的物質(zhì)為完全抗原。3．抗原的異物性可存在于之間、之間以及。4.影響抗原免疫原性的因素有_________、__＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)＿和三個方面。5．影響免疫原性的抗原理化與結(jié)構(gòu)性質(zhì)涉及______?、 ?、 、? ?、? ??、 ? 和等。6.抗原決定基在結(jié)構(gòu)上分為兩類,即決定基和決定基。7.抗原根據(jù)誘生抗體時是否需要T細(xì)胞參與分為抗原和抗原。8．抗原決定基根據(jù)被辨認(rèn)的淋巴細(xì)胞受體不同分為決定基和決定基。9.B細(xì)胞辨認(rèn)的表位通常是天然的，位于抗原分子表面的或表位；Ｔ細(xì)胞辨認(rèn)的表位是由APＣ加工提呈的，即表位。10．自身抗原的形成因素涉及、和等。11.常見的人類同種異型抗原有、和等。12．作用于人T淋巴細(xì)胞的絲裂原有、和。1３．作用于人B細(xì)胞的絲裂原有和。三、名詞解釋抗原 完全抗原 半抗原/不完全抗原? 表位/抗原決定基載體效應(yīng) ?交叉反映 TD-Ag? ??TI-Ag異嗜性抗原??超抗原? 佐劑四、簡答題1.抗原的兩個基本特性及其含義是什么?２.簡述影響抗原免疫原性的因素。3.動物免疫血清對于人的兩重性表現(xiàn)在哪里？4.何謂佐劑？佐劑的作用機(jī)制有哪些？5.簡述超抗原激活T細(xì)胞的機(jī)制。五、問答題1.T細(xì)胞表位與Ｂ細(xì)胞表位有何不同？2．試比較TＤ-Ａg與TI-Ag的特性。3．試述超抗原與普通抗原的比較。第四章《抗體》練習(xí)題一、單項選擇題１．抗體與抗原結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)域是················································(）A、VHＢ、VL? ??C、CH Ｄ、ＶH和VL2．ＩｇＧ與Ｃ1ｑ結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)域是················································(）Ａ、CH１B、CH2 ? C、ＣH3D、VＨ和VL３.IgＭ與Ｃ1q結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)域是················································()A、CH1B、ＣＨ２???Ｃ、CH3D、VH和VL4.ＩgG與吞噬細(xì)胞或ＮK細(xì)胞表面ＦcR結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)域是··························（）A、CH１B、ＣH2 ?C、CH３D、VH和ＶL5．血清中含量最高的Ｉｇ是···················································（)Ａ、IgＡＢ、IｇM ? C、ＩgGD、ＩgＤ6.與抗原結(jié)合后激活補(bǔ)體能力最強(qiáng)的Ig是·····································（）A、IｇAＢ、IｇＭ? C、IgGD、IｇD7.能通過胎盤的Ｉg是·······················································（）Ａ、IgAＢ、ＩgG ?C、ＩgMD、ＩgＥ8．臍血中含量增高提醒胎兒有宮內(nèi)感染的Ig是·································（）A、IgAＢ、IgＭ C、IgGD、IgD9．在初次感染病原微生物后,機(jī)體最早產(chǎn)生的抗體是·····························（）A、ＩgAB、IgＭ Ｃ、IgGD、IgD１0.分子量最大的Ｉg是······················································（）A、IｇAB、IgM C、IｇGD、IｇＤ11．新生兒從母乳中獲得的抗體是·············································（)A、ＩｇA B、IｇM ? C、IgG ?D、ＳIgA１2.產(chǎn)生抗體的細(xì)胞是·······················································（)A、T細(xì)胞Ｂ、Ｂ細(xì)胞 ?C、漿細(xì)胞D、ＮＫ細(xì)胞１3．sIgA的組成為··························································（）A、二個IgA單體與一個J鏈??B、二個IgＡ單體與一個J鏈和一個分泌片C、一個IgA單體與一個J鏈? Ｄ、一個IgＡ單體與一個J鏈和一個分泌片１4．能與肥大細(xì)胞表面FcR結(jié)合,介導(dǎo)Ⅰ型超敏反映的Ig是·······················（）A、ＩgＡB、IgＭ? ?C、IgGD、IｇE15.天然ABO血型抗體屬于··················································（)A、IgAB、IｇM? ?C、ＩgGD、ＩgD16．具有J鏈結(jié)構(gòu)的Ig是·····················································（)A、ｓIｇA、IgＧＢ、IgM、sIgA ?Ｃ、ＩgＧ、IgDD、IgD、IgE17．J鏈合成缺陷后受影響的Iｇ是·············································()Ａ、IｇＧ和IｇＥB、ＩgM? ?C、IｇAD、ＩgM和sIgA1８．參與黏膜局部抗感染的Ig是··············································(）A、ＩgA ? B、IgM? ? Ｃ、sIgＡ???Ｄ、IgG19．抗體分子基本結(jié)構(gòu)的組成是···············································()A、２條重鏈和2條輕鏈??? B、1條重鏈和1條輕鏈C、2條相同的重鏈和2條相同的輕鏈 D、4條相同的肽鏈2０.下列不屬于抗體的功能為·················································（）A、與抗原結(jié)合?B、激活補(bǔ)體 ?C、殺滅細(xì)胞D、調(diào)理作用2１．合成sIｇA分泌片的細(xì)胞是················································（）A、巨噬細(xì)胞 Ｂ、血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞??Ｃ、漿細(xì)胞Ｄ、黏膜上皮細(xì)胞２２．IgG易被蛋白水解酶作用的部位是·········································(）A、鉸鏈區(qū)?B、VH和VL ? C、ＣH1D、CＨ２23.成熟Ｂ細(xì)胞的BＣR的Ig類型是············································()A、mIｇA和mIgM?B、ｍＩｇM和mIｇD C、mIgＧ和mIgE?D、mIｇE和mＩgD24．具有CH4結(jié)構(gòu)域的Ig為··················································()A、sＩｇA和IgＭ B、IgM和IｇD Ｃ、IgM和ＩgE Ｄ、IgE和ＩｇG25．關(guān)于抗體，下列描述錯誤的是··············································（)Ａ、抗體都是球蛋白?? ? Ｂ、抗體重要存在于體液中C、抗體能與相應(yīng)抗原特異性結(jié)合? D、抗體由漿細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生26．介導(dǎo)NK細(xì)胞等效應(yīng)細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生ADCC效應(yīng)的Ｉg重要是·························()A、IgＡB、IgＤ ? C、IｇGＤ、IｇM2７.關(guān)于Ig的鉸鏈區(qū)，下列表述錯誤的是·······································(）A、位于CＨ1和ＣH2之間?? ?B、富含脯氨酸C、易于伸展彎曲 ??? Ｄ、五類Ig鉸鏈區(qū)相同28．ｓIgA分子中分泌片的重要功能是··········································(）A、連接2個ＩgA單體 ??? B、維持ｓIｇA的立體構(gòu)象C、保護(hù)sIgA免遭蛋白酶的水解? ? ?D、促進(jìn)抗體與抗原的結(jié)合2９.抗體發(fā)揮中和毒素作用重要依賴其·········································()Ａ、C區(qū)的作用??B、調(diào)理作用 ? Ｃ、ADCC作用 D、V區(qū)的作用３0.IgＭ的實際抗原結(jié)合價為·················································（)A、1價? ?B、2價? Ｃ、5價?? Ｄ、10價二、填空題1.抗體分子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是由兩條相同的和兩條相同的通過鏈間________＿＿連接而成的四肽鏈結(jié)構(gòu)。2.IgA、IgＭ、ＩｇＧ、IgＥ、ＩgD相應(yīng)的重鏈分別為、、、、。３.五類Ig中，血清含量最高的是，具有Ｊ鏈和分泌片的是，分子量最大的是,能介導(dǎo)Ⅰ型超敏反映的是，能通過胎盤的是。４.免疫球蛋白輕鏈可分為型和型。5．用木瓜蛋白酶水解IgＧ可得到兩個相同的片段和一個片段;用胃蛋白酶水解IgG可獲得一個能與抗原結(jié)合的片段和無生物學(xué)活性的片段。６．IgG鉸鏈區(qū)位于與之間的區(qū)域,其補(bǔ)體（C1q）結(jié)合點(diǎn)位于。７．具有Ｊ鏈結(jié)構(gòu)的免疫球蛋白有和。８.sIgA由二個IgA單體與和組成，重要存在于外分泌液中,在局部黏膜免疫中發(fā)揮重要作用。三、名詞解釋抗體 ??Iｇ? ?CDR獨(dú)特型(Id) 抗體的調(diào)理作用ADCC作用??單克隆抗體 基因工程抗體四、簡答題1.簡述免疫球蛋白的基本結(jié)構(gòu)。２.簡述IgG分子的結(jié)構(gòu)域組成及各結(jié)構(gòu)域分別有何功能。3．試述IｇG的重要免疫學(xué)特性及功能。4.試述IgＭ的重要免疫學(xué)特性及功能。5.試述sIgA的分子結(jié)構(gòu)組成、分布及重要免疫學(xué)功能。五、問答題１．試述抗體的功能。第五章《補(bǔ)體系統(tǒng)》練習(xí)題一、單項選擇題1．補(bǔ)體激活的經(jīng)典途徑中，其補(bǔ)體成分的激活順序是·····························()A、Ｃ１→C2→C3→Ｃ4→Ｃ5→C６→C7→C8→C9B、C1→C２→Ｃ4→C３→C５→C６→C7→C8→C９C、C1→C4→C5→C2→C3→C6→C７→C8→C9D、Ｃ1→C4→Ｃ2→C3→C5→C6→C7→C8→C92.下列補(bǔ)體固有成分中含量最高的是··········································（)A、C3B、C4? ?Ｃ、C1ｑD、C23．具有調(diào)理作用的補(bǔ)體裂解片段是············································（）A、C2b ?B、C3b ? Ｃ、Ｃ3a?? D、C5ｂ４．具有過敏毒素作用的補(bǔ)體組分是············································（）A、Ｃ3a、C４a、C5ａ B、C3a、C4a C、C2ａ ?D、C３ｂ、C4ｂ5.構(gòu)成膜襲擊復(fù)合物的補(bǔ)體成分是············································（)A、C6b～9B、C4b2a?? C、C5b6789nD、Ｃ３bBb6.與抗原結(jié)合后,可通過經(jīng)典途徑激活補(bǔ)體系統(tǒng)的Ｉg是··························（）Ａ、IgA、IgGB、IgM、IgG ? Ｃ、sIgＡ、IｇDD、IgA、IｇM7.可以激活補(bǔ)體旁路途徑的成分是············································()A、內(nèi)毒素Ｂ、抗原抗體復(fù)合物? C、IgMD、MBＬ8.關(guān)于補(bǔ)體對的的敘述是····················································（)A、補(bǔ)體成分在血液中處在活化狀態(tài) B、旁路途徑的活化是從C２開始的C、補(bǔ)體的理化性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定 ? D、補(bǔ)體重要是由肝細(xì)胞和巨噬細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的9.三條補(bǔ)體激活途徑的共同點(diǎn)是··············································（)A、參與的補(bǔ)體成分? B、C3轉(zhuǎn)化酶的組成C、激活物質(zhì) D、膜襲擊復(fù)合物的形成及其溶解細(xì)胞效應(yīng)1０.與免疫球蛋白Fc段的補(bǔ)體結(jié)合部位相結(jié)合的補(bǔ)體分子是······················(）Ａ、Ｃ3B、Ｃ1q???C、C１rD、C1ｓ11.既對中性粒細(xì)胞具有趨化作用又可激發(fā)肥大細(xì)胞釋放組胺的補(bǔ)體裂解產(chǎn)物是·····(）Ａ、C3bB、C4b ??C、C４aD、C5a12.某些補(bǔ)體片段能促進(jìn)吞噬細(xì)胞的吞噬作用,是由于吞噬細(xì)胞表面存在············（）A、D因子受體B、C3b受體 ?Ｃ、C5a受體Ｄ、C3a受體1３.下列補(bǔ)體活化中形成的轉(zhuǎn)化酶中，不包含補(bǔ)體C3b成分的是····················(）A、經(jīng)典途徑Ｃ５轉(zhuǎn)化酶 B、旁路途徑Ｃ５轉(zhuǎn)化酶C、經(jīng)典途徑Ｃ3轉(zhuǎn)化酶 ?? D、旁路途徑C3轉(zhuǎn)化酶14.下列具有溶細(xì)胞作用的補(bǔ)體成分是·········································（）A、C1Ｂ、B因子 C、C3ｂD、C5b６789n15．下列具有趨化中性粒細(xì)胞的補(bǔ)體成分是·····································（)Ａ、C1B、C４b???Ｃ、C３bＤ、C5ａ１6．補(bǔ)體激活經(jīng)典途徑的C３轉(zhuǎn)化酶是··········································（)A、C4a2aB、C4a２b?? C、C4b2bD、C4ｂ2a17．補(bǔ)體激活經(jīng)典途徑的C５轉(zhuǎn)化酶是··········································（)A、C3bBbＢ、C4b2a ?C、C3bnBbD、Ｃ4b2a3b18．補(bǔ)體激活旁路途徑的Ｃ5轉(zhuǎn)化酶是··········································（)A、Ｃ3bBbB、C4b2ａ??C、C3ｂnBｂＤ、C4b2a3b19.補(bǔ)體激活旁路途徑的C３轉(zhuǎn)化酶是··········································(）A、C3ｂBbB、C4ｂ2a C、C3bｎＢbＤ、C４b2a3b2０.補(bǔ)體激活凝集素途徑的Ｃ5轉(zhuǎn)化酶是········································(）A、C３ｂBｂB、C4b２a??C、C３bnＢｂD、C4b２a3b二、填空題1．補(bǔ)體系統(tǒng)由、及組成。2.C１由、、三種蛋白組成。3．補(bǔ)體旁路途徑的激活物質(zhì)是；類和類抗體與抗原結(jié)合形成的免疫復(fù)合物可經(jīng)經(jīng)典途徑激活補(bǔ)體。４．具有趨化因子作用的補(bǔ)體片段是；具有調(diào)理作用的補(bǔ)體片段有、和。5．具有炎癥介質(zhì)作用的補(bǔ)體片段有、和;補(bǔ)體攻膜復(fù)合物（MAＣ）的組成是。三、名詞解釋補(bǔ)體 補(bǔ)體的調(diào)理作用??免疫黏附作用 ＭAC四、簡答題1.簡述補(bǔ)體膜襲擊復(fù)合物（MAC）的組成及其靶細(xì)胞溶解的效應(yīng)機(jī)制。2.簡述補(bǔ)體的生物學(xué)功能及相應(yīng)的補(bǔ)體成分。五、問答題1.比較補(bǔ)體經(jīng)典途徑和旁路途徑的異同點(diǎn)（激活物、參與的補(bǔ)體成分、C3轉(zhuǎn)化酶、C5轉(zhuǎn)化酶及作用等）。第六章《細(xì)胞因子》練習(xí)題一、單項選擇題1.關(guān)于細(xì)胞因子，下列敘述錯誤是········································(）A、一般是小分子蛋白質(zhì) B、與CKR結(jié)合后才干發(fā)揮作用Ｃ、重要以內(nèi)分泌方式發(fā)揮作用? D、生物學(xué)效應(yīng)具有拮抗性和重疊性2．具有趨化功能的細(xì)胞因子稱為········································（）Ａ、ｉnterleukinＢ、inteｒfｅｒｏn C、gｒoｗthｆａｃtｏrD、ｃhｅmｏkiｎe3.能直接殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞因子是(）A、ＩFN-B、TGF－ ??C、ＴＮFD、CSF4．關(guān)于細(xì)胞因子的作用特點(diǎn)，下列敘述錯誤是···································（）A、作用品有多效性 ? ???B、合成和分泌是一種自我調(diào)控的過程Ｃ、重要參與免疫反映和炎癥反映 ? D、以特異性方式發(fā)揮作用二、填空題1.細(xì)胞因子通過、和方式發(fā)揮作用。2．細(xì)胞因子重要涉及、、、、和六大類。3．Ⅰ型干擾素涉及和，Ⅱ型干擾素是指。Ⅰ型干擾素重要由 細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生，Ⅱ型干擾素是重要由活化的和細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生。4.細(xì)胞因子中，ＩL是指,TＮF是指,IFN是指，ＣSＦ是指。5．趨化因子根據(jù)靠近氨基端的半胱氨酸殘基的個數(shù)以及排列分為、、和四個亞家族。6.細(xì)胞因子的重要生物學(xué)活性涉及和兩個方面。7.TNＦ-重要由?細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生，TＮF-重要由細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生。三、名詞解釋細(xì)胞因子 ?ＣSF ?TNF四、簡答題1．簡述細(xì)胞因子作用方式和功能特點(diǎn)。２．細(xì)胞因子分哪幾類?請分別寫出其中文名和常用英文縮寫。第七章《白細(xì)胞分化抗原和黏附分子》練習(xí)題一、單項選擇題１.ＬFＡ－１的配體是··························································（)A、LＦA-2B、E-選擇素? C、ICAM-1D、LＦＡ-32．選擇素重要辨認(rèn)的配體是··················································（)A、CD1５sB、CD8??Ｃ、ICAM-1D、Ｃ343．CD2又稱為······························································()A、ICAＭ-1Ｂ、LＦA-１? C、LFＡ－2Ｄ、ＬFA-３4.淋巴細(xì)胞歸巢受體的配體是················································（)A、血管地址素Ｂ、P-選擇素? C、L-選擇素D、VLA5．炎癥過程中中性粒細(xì)胞表面的唾液酸化路易寡糖與內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞互相作用的分子是····(）Ａ、血管地址素B、ICAM-1 C、L－選擇素D、Ｅ-選擇素6.淋巴細(xì)胞歸巢中,淋巴細(xì)胞表面的Ｌ選擇素與血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞互相作用的配體分子是·(）A、GlｙCAM-1B、ICＡＭ-1??Ｃ、ｓLｅXD、E-選擇素二、填空題１．根據(jù)黏附分子結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)的不同，可將其分為家族、家族、家族等。2．選擇素家族涉及、和三個成員。3．選擇素分子的胞膜外區(qū)均具有結(jié)構(gòu)域、結(jié)構(gòu)域的結(jié)構(gòu)域。4．黏附分子的重要功能有、及等。５.介導(dǎo)淋巴細(xì)胞歸巢的黏附分子中,表達(dá)在淋巴細(xì)胞表面的稱為,表達(dá)在血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞表面的稱為。三、名詞解釋白細(xì)胞分化抗原CD細(xì)胞黏附分子第八章《重要組織相容性復(fù)合體》練習(xí)題一、單項選擇題1.關(guān)于MHCⅠ類分子,下列敘述對的的是······································（)A、MＨCⅠ類分子的肽鏈均為MHＣ編碼Ｂ、HLＡⅠ的鏈分子由HLA復(fù)合體的基因編碼Ｃ、為2條相同的重鏈和2條相同的輕鏈組成的四肽鏈結(jié)構(gòu)D、重要參與外源性抗原的提呈2.關(guān)于MHＣⅡ類分子,下列敘述錯誤的是······································()A、MＨCⅡ類分子的2條多肽鏈均為ＭＨC的基因編碼B、經(jīng)典的ＭＨCⅡ類分子涉及HＬA－DP、HLA-ＤＱ、HLA-ＤRC、重要存在于AＰC的表面Ｄ、廣泛分布于各種有核細(xì)胞表面３．與強(qiáng)直性脊柱炎密切相關(guān)的HLＡ分子是·····································（)A、HLA－Ａ5Ｂ、HLＡ-B８? ?Ｃ、ＨLA-B7Ｄ、HＬA-B274．HＬA單體型是指·························································(）A、一條染色體上HＬA復(fù)合體等位基因的組合 ?B、個體HＬA表型的組合Ｃ、兩條染色體上HLＡ復(fù)合體等位基因的組合?? D、個體HLＡ表型的一半5．ＨLＡⅠ類分子的肽結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)域位于·········································(）A、α1,β1B、β2m ? C、α1,α2D、β1,β２6．ＨLAⅡ類分子的肽結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)域位于·········································（）A、α1,β1B、β2m? ?C、α1,α2Ｄ、β1,β27．親代與子代有一個HＬA單體型相同的機(jī)制是·································(）A、單體型遺傳?B、多態(tài)性 Ｃ、連鎖不平衡D、性連鎖遺傳８．同胞之間ＨLA復(fù)合體基因完全相同的概率為·································（)?A、１0% ??B、２5% ? C、50％? D、１00％9.同胞之間HＬA復(fù)合體基因完全不同的概率為·································(）?Ａ、1０%???B、25%? ?C、５0%?? D、1０0%10.同胞之間一個ＨLA復(fù)合體相同的概率為····································() A、10％?? B、2５％? ?C、50%? D、10０%11．活化的人Ｔ淋巴細(xì)胞表達(dá)的MHC分子有····································（）?A、MHCⅠ類分子? ? B、ＭHCⅡ類分子?C、ＭＨCⅠ類、Ⅱ類分子????Ｄ、ＭHCⅠ類、Ⅲ類分子12.ＨLAⅡ類分子重要表達(dá)于················································（）A、T細(xì)胞表面B、APC表面 ?C、紅細(xì)胞表面Ｄ、肝細(xì)胞表面１3.下列屬于移植抗原的是···················································（）A、CD分子B、CKs ??C、AＭD、HLA分子14．ＭHC分子的重要功能是··················································(）A、決定組織相容性???? Ｂ、引起移植排斥應(yīng)C、決定機(jī)體對某些疾病的相關(guān)性??D、提呈抗原1５．關(guān)于ＭHC中的PSMB,下列描述錯誤的是···································(）A、為蛋白酶體亞單位基因B、其基因產(chǎn)物參與內(nèi)源性抗原的解決Ｃ、涉及PSＭB8和PSＭＢ9兩個座位D、其基因產(chǎn)物能將內(nèi)源性抗原肽轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)入內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)16.關(guān)于TAP分子，下列表述錯誤的是·········································（)A、即抗原加工相關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)物B、分別由TＡP1和TAP2兩個座位基因編碼Ｃ、其功能是將內(nèi)源性抗原肽從胞質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)入內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)D、其功能是降解外源性抗原1７．對HＬＡ－DＭ基因表述錯誤的是············································()A、屬免疫功能相關(guān)基因 ??Ｃ、編碼產(chǎn)物參與外源性抗原的加工提呈B、涉及DMA和DMB座位 D、編碼產(chǎn)物參能降解外源性抗原18.關(guān)于MHCⅡ類分子，下列表述錯誤的是·····································(）A、表達(dá)在B細(xì)胞和Ｔ細(xì)胞表面 ?Ｂ、與巨噬細(xì)胞的抗原提呈作用相關(guān)Ｃ、在人群中表現(xiàn)為高度多態(tài)性 ?D、有CD４分子的結(jié)合部位19.MHCⅡ類分子與CD4分子結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)域是··································（）A、α1、α2Ｂ、α3? Ｃ、α１、β１Ｄ、β２20．MHCⅠ類分子與CD8分子結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)域是··································()A、α1、α2B、α３?? Ｃ、β2mD、α1、β121．與類風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎重要關(guān)聯(lián)的HLA分子是····································（）A、HＬA-Ｂ27B、ＨＬA-DＲ２? Ｃ、HLA-ＤR４D、ＨLA-DR52２．關(guān)于MHCⅠ類分子的肽結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)域,下列表述錯誤的是·······················()A、肽結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)域由α1、α2結(jié)構(gòu)域組成B、由2個α螺旋和8個β折疊股構(gòu)成肽結(jié)合槽C、肽結(jié)合槽的兩端開放D、結(jié)合的抗原肽的長度為8～10個氨酸殘基2３．關(guān)于ＭHCⅡ類分子的肽結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)域,下列表述錯誤的是·······················（)A、肽結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)域由α１、β1結(jié)構(gòu)域組成B、α1和β1結(jié)構(gòu)域各行成由1個α螺旋和４個β折疊股C、結(jié)合的抗原肽的長度為１3～17個氨酸殘基D、肽結(jié)合槽與相應(yīng)氨基酸序列的抗原肽結(jié)合二、填空題1．人類MHＣ稱為，其編碼產(chǎn)物稱為。2．ＨＬＡ復(fù)合體的遺傳特性有、、等。3.HLＡ復(fù)合體位于人第染色體短臂,類基因集中于遠(yuǎn)離著絲點(diǎn)一端，類基因集中于近著絲點(diǎn)一端。4.ＨLA復(fù)合體定位于??? ?,全長 ? ，共有????個基因座位，其中功能性基因 ? 個。5.Tｈ與APC作用、Th與Ｂ細(xì)胞作用受ＭHC類分子限制；CＴＬ與靶細(xì)胞作用受MHC類分子限制。6.ＨLA復(fù)合體中編碼經(jīng)典Ⅰ類分子鏈的基因座位有、、；編碼經(jīng)典Ⅱ類分子的基因亞區(qū)有、、。７.PSMＢ的中文名稱為?? ?? ,該基因編碼產(chǎn)物為???的組成成分之一,后者的功能是??? ? 。8.TAＰ分子的中文名稱為?? ,其基因座位有? 和??，TAP的功能是? ?? 。9．HLＡ非經(jīng)典Ⅰ類分子有 ?和??? ?。1０.MⅠC基因家族涉及? 和 ?兩個基因，其編碼的產(chǎn)物為?? 的配體。三、名詞解釋MHＣ??ＨLA復(fù)合體 MHC限制性? 錨定殘基 共用基序TAP(ｔranspｏｒtersassｏciatedwｉtｈanｔiｇenｐrocｅssｉng）PＳMB(ｐｒoteaｓomesuｂｕnitβtｙpｅ)四、簡答題1.簡述HLA復(fù)合體的遺傳特點(diǎn)。2.簡述PＳMB、TAP和HLA-ＤＭ分子在抗原加工提呈中的作用。3．簡述ＨLA與臨床醫(yī)學(xué)的關(guān)系。五、問答題１.試述經(jīng)典的HLAⅠ類分子和Ⅱ類分子的編碼基因座位／亞區(qū)、分子結(jié)構(gòu)(結(jié)構(gòu)域組成和作用)、表達(dá)特點(diǎn)、組織分布和功能特點(diǎn)。2．試述HLＡ分子選擇性結(jié)合含共用基序的抗原肽具有相對專一性的意義。３.試述HLA分子的功能。第九章《B淋巴細(xì)胞》練習(xí)題一、單選題1.與mIg共同組成BCR復(fù)合物的是···········································(）A、CD19和CD21 B、ＣＤ79a和CD79bＣ、CD8０和CD８６? D、CD2８和CD1522.鑒別Ｂ-1細(xì)胞和B－2細(xì)胞的重要表面標(biāo)志是···································(）A、CＤ4B、CＤ8Ｃ、ＣD40Ｄ、CD５3．B細(xì)胞上的ＥB病毒受體是·················································(）Ａ、CD5B、CD19C、CD2１D、ＣD22５4.B－1細(xì)胞辨認(rèn)的抗原重要是················································()Ａ、顆粒性抗原Ｂ、蛋白質(zhì)抗原C、脂類抗原Ｄ、碳水化合物類抗原5．可刺激成熟Ｂ細(xì)胞增殖和分化的細(xì)胞因子是··································（)A、IＬ-4B、IＦN-γC、IL-12D、TGＦ-β６.不成熟B細(xì)胞表達(dá)的mIg重要是············································(）A、mIｇAB、mＩgMＣ、mＩｇＤD、mIgE７.具有多反映性的細(xì)胞是····················································()A、B-1細(xì)胞B、B-２細(xì)胞C、Th1細(xì)胞Ｄ、Th2細(xì)胞８.與B細(xì)胞活化第二信號有關(guān)的膜表面分子是··································（）A、CD40ＬＢ、CＤ28C、CD８0D、ＣＤ8６9．人類B細(xì)胞分化成熟的場合是··············································(）Ａ、胸腺??B、脾臟 Ｃ、骨髓 ?D、淋巴結(jié)10.關(guān)于B1細(xì)胞,下列敘述錯誤的是···········································()Ａ、產(chǎn)生的抗體親和力較低B、產(chǎn)生的抗體可與多種不同的抗原表位結(jié)合C、產(chǎn)生的抗體多為IｇMＤ、重要對蛋白質(zhì)抗產(chǎn)生免疫應(yīng)答11．B細(xì)胞表面的ＣD40與T細(xì)胞表面的ＣD40L結(jié)合可介導(dǎo)························（)A、B細(xì)胞活化 ? B、B細(xì)胞分化成熟C、Ｔ細(xì)胞活化??? D、T細(xì)胞分化成熟１2．B-1細(xì)胞對碳水化合物抗原發(fā)生應(yīng)答后，產(chǎn)生的抗體重要是···················（)A、高親和力IgG型抗體 ? B、低親和力IgＧ型抗體Ｃ、高親和力IgM型抗體 ? D、低親和力ＩgM型抗體13．成熟B細(xì)胞表達(dá)的mＩg重要是·············································（）A、mIｇA和mIｇG???B、mIgM和ｍIgAC、mIgD和mIgM? D、mＩgE和ｍIgＧ１4．Ｂ細(xì)胞共受體不涉及·····················································()A、CD1９?? B、CD20 C、ＣD21? D、ＣD８１１５．關(guān)于Ig/Iｇ,以下表述錯誤的是···········································()Ａ、與mＩｇ組成ＢCＲ復(fù)合物 ?Ｂ、可轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)B細(xì)胞活化的第一信號C、胞漿內(nèi)具有ＩＴＡM ? Ｄ、自前B細(xì)胞開始表達(dá)1６.關(guān)于前Ｂ細(xì)胞受體（pｒe-BCＲ),以下表述錯誤的是·····························（）A、由鏈和替代輕鏈組成 ?B、替代輕鏈由Vｐre－B和５兩種蛋白組成C、 具有辨認(rèn)相應(yīng)抗原的作用??D、表達(dá)于前Ｂ細(xì)胞17.關(guān)于替代輕鏈,以下表述錯誤的是··········································()Ａ、與鏈共同組成前B細(xì)胞受體?B、Vprｅ-B和5分別與Ig輕鏈Ｖ區(qū)和C區(qū)同源C、由Vprｅ-Ｂ和5兩種蛋白組成?D、表達(dá)于祖B細(xì)胞１8．在BCR的胚系基因結(jié)構(gòu)中，編碼ＩｇH鏈V區(qū)的基因片段是······················（）A、Ｖ基因片段?????B、V基因片段和Ｊ基因片段C、V基因片段和D基因片段 ?Ｄ、V基因片段、D基因片段和J基因片段19．關(guān)于在BCＲ的胚系基因結(jié)構(gòu)中鏈基因,以下表述錯誤的是····················（）A、基因位于2號染色體的短臂B、由編碼V區(qū)的V基因片段、J基因片段及編碼C區(qū)的C基因片段組成C、其J基因片段與Ｃ基因片段配對排列,形成J-C結(jié)構(gòu)D、編碼V區(qū)的V基因片段和J基因片段均有多個基因片段組成20.關(guān)于BCＲ重鏈的基因重組，以下表述對的的是·······························(）A、發(fā)生于前B細(xì)胞?? B、先V－Ｊ重組,再VJ-D重組C、先D-J重組,再V－DJ重組 ?D、重鏈的基因重組發(fā)生于輕鏈成功重組之后２1.關(guān)于BＣR重鏈的基因重組,以下表述錯誤的是·······························（）Ａ、參與基因重組的酶有RＡG、TdT等Ｂ、RAG可辨認(rèn)并切除Ｖ（Ｄ）J基因片段兩側(cè)的RSSC、TdＴ可在基因重組過程中出現(xiàn)的DNA斷端切除若干個核苷酸Ｄ、B細(xì)胞中一條染色體上的重鏈基因重排成功后，克制另一條同源染色體上重鏈的基因重排２2．關(guān)于BCR輕鏈的基因重組，以下表述錯誤的是·······························(）A、發(fā)生在前B細(xì)胞階段 ?B、鏈基因重排不成功，再重排鏈基因C、發(fā)生于重鏈重排成功之后? D、ＢCＲ輕鏈重排成功后，該細(xì)胞表達(dá)ＢCR二、填空題1．Iｇα／Igβ的重要功能為轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)及參與。２.B細(xì)胞共受體由、和分子組成，其作用是。３.給B細(xì)胞活化提供共刺激信號重要的一對共刺激分子是B細(xì)胞表面的與Ｔ細(xì)胞表面的。4．不成熟B細(xì)胞表達(dá)的mＩg為;成熟Ｂ細(xì)胞表達(dá)的mIg重要為和。5.B細(xì)胞的功能有、和。6.B細(xì)胞在骨髓中的發(fā)育分為 、 ?、和四個階段。７．ＢCＲ的胚系基因結(jié)構(gòu)中,人ＩgH鏈基因群位于,其編碼Iｇ重鏈可變區(qū)的基因片段有、和 ；鏈基因群位于,鏈基因群位于,編碼輕鏈V區(qū)的基因片段有和。8.不同發(fā)育階段的B細(xì)胞表達(dá)不同的分子，其中祖B細(xì)胞表達(dá) ? ,前B細(xì)胞表達(dá)? ，未成熟B細(xì)胞表達(dá)? ? ，成熟B細(xì)胞表達(dá)? ?。9．Ｉｇ重鏈基因重排發(fā)生于B細(xì)胞發(fā)育的 ? 階段,輕鏈重排發(fā)生于B細(xì)胞發(fā)育的? ?階段。１0．ＢCＲ多樣性產(chǎn)生的機(jī)制有????、? 、? ?和 ?。11．B細(xì)胞表達(dá)的共刺激分子重要有? 和 ??；前者的配體是 ? ，后者的配體有?? 和???。12．給Ｔ細(xì)胞活化提供共刺激信號重要的一對共刺激分子是? 和? ?。13.給B細(xì)胞活化提供共刺激信號重要的一對共刺激分子是???和 ??。14．B細(xì)胞根據(jù)是否表達(dá) 分子分為B1細(xì)胞和B２細(xì)胞。1５.參與BＣR基因重排的重組酶涉及 ??、 ? 、? 和? 等。16.重組激活酶可特異性辨認(rèn)并切除V（D）Ｊ基因片段兩側(cè)的? ?;TdT的中文全稱為? ??，其作用是? ????? ?。二、名詞解釋BＣＲ復(fù)合物???前Ｂ細(xì)胞受體? 替代輕鏈 Ｂ細(xì)胞共受體基因重排? 受體編輯?? 等位排斥 ?同型排斥ＩＴＡM ?? 體細(xì)胞高頻突變四、簡答題1.簡述Ｂ-1細(xì)胞表面標(biāo)志、抗原辨認(rèn)和免疫應(yīng)答等特點(diǎn)。２.簡述B細(xì)胞中樞耐受形成的機(jī)制。五、問答題1．試述ＢCR多樣性產(chǎn)生的機(jī)制。2．試述B細(xì)胞重要表面分子及其作用。第十章《T淋巴細(xì)胞》練習(xí)題一、單選題1．下列不屬于Ｔh１型細(xì)胞因子是··············································（）A、IL-2B、IL－4C、TNFD、ＩFＮ-γ2．臨床上用于鑒別T細(xì)胞的表面標(biāo)志是········································（)Ａ、CD2B、CD3Ｃ、CD4Ｄ、TＣＲ3．胞質(zhì)區(qū)具有ＩＴAM基序的ＣＤ分子是·········································()A、CD３Ｂ、CD4C、CＤ28D、CＤ1５2（CTＬA-4)4.HIV包膜蛋白gｐ1２０受體是················································(）A、CD２B、CD3C、CＤ4D、CD85.與ＭHCⅡ類分子結(jié)合的ＣＤ分子是··········································（）A、CD３Ｂ、CD4C、CD8D、CＤ286.與MHCⅠ類分子結(jié)合的CＤ分子是··········································()A、CD3B、CＤ4C、CD8D、CD287.MHCⅡ類分子與CD4分子結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)域是···································（）A、α1結(jié)構(gòu)域 B、β１結(jié)構(gòu)域C、α2結(jié)構(gòu)域 D、β2結(jié)構(gòu)域8．MHCⅠ類分子與CD8分子結(jié)合的結(jié)構(gòu)域是···································（）A、α1結(jié)構(gòu)域??B、α2結(jié)構(gòu)域C、α３結(jié)構(gòu)域?D、β２結(jié)構(gòu)域9.胞質(zhì)區(qū)具有ITIM，能與CD80/CD８6結(jié)合的ＣD分子是··························(）Ａ、CD3Ｂ、CD２8C、CD1５2D、CD210.下列不屬Tｈ2型細(xì)胞因子是···············································（)A、IFN-γB、IL-4C、IＬ-10D、IL-５11.通過度泌IL10和TGF-β對免疫應(yīng)答發(fā)揮負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)的T細(xì)胞是·····················（）Ａ、Th1Ｂ、Th2?Ｃ、Ｔh3D、Tr112．重要辨認(rèn)外源性抗原肽-MＨＣⅡ類分子復(fù)合物，受MＨCⅡ類分子限制的細(xì)胞是····（)A、CD4＋T細(xì)胞 B、CD８+T細(xì)胞 Ｃ、T細(xì)胞D、T細(xì)胞１3.重要辨認(rèn)內(nèi)源性抗原肽－MＨCⅠ類分子復(fù)合物，受MＨCⅠ類分子限制的細(xì)胞是···（)A、ＣD4+T細(xì)胞??B、CＤ８+T細(xì)胞?C、T細(xì)胞D、T細(xì)胞14．關(guān)于γδT細(xì)胞，描述錯誤的是··············································(）A、不受MＨC限制?B、受體缺少多樣性C、多為CD4—ＣD8—細(xì)胞 D、重要分布在外周血15.T細(xì)胞在胸腺的發(fā)育過程中，表達(dá)前T細(xì)胞受體的細(xì)胞稱為····················()A、祖T細(xì)胞B、前Ｔ細(xì)胞C、雙陽性細(xì)胞D、單陽性細(xì)胞16.T細(xì)胞在胸腺的發(fā)育過程中，進(jìn)行TCＲ鏈基因重排的階段是···················（）A、祖T細(xì)胞B、前Ｔ細(xì)胞C、雙陽性細(xì)胞Ｄ、單陽性細(xì)胞17．T細(xì)胞在胸腺的發(fā)育過程中,進(jìn)行TCＲ鏈基因重排的階段是···················（）Ａ、祖T細(xì)胞Ｂ、前Ｔ細(xì)胞C、雙陽性細(xì)胞D、單陽性細(xì)胞1８．下列重要輔助B細(xì)胞活化，促進(jìn)Ｂ細(xì)胞的增殖、分化和抗體生成的T細(xì)胞是·······（)A、Tｈ1B、Tｈ２Ｃ、Ｔh3D、Tr119．被稱為TCR的“共受體”的分化抗原是······································(）A、CD２8、CTＬA－4B、CD４、CD８C、CD4０、CD40LD、ＣD2、LＦA２2０．下列T細(xì)胞的共刺激分子及其配體,配對錯誤的是····························()A、CD2８與ＣＤ８0／CD８6B、CＴLA-4與CＤ80/CD86C、CD40與CD40L Ｄ、LＦＡ-1與LFA-221．下列不屬于重要介導(dǎo)黏附作用的Ｔ細(xì)胞表面分子是···························(）Ａ、CD２B、ICAＭ-1C、LFA-1D、ＣTＬA-４２2．下列不能通過FaｓL/Fas途徑誘導(dǎo)靶細(xì)胞凋亡的細(xì)胞是·························(）A、效應(yīng)ＣTLB、ＮKC、NＫTＤ、Ｔh223．下列細(xì)胞間互相作用無MHC限制性的是····································(）A、Th與B細(xì)胞?B、Th與ＤC細(xì)胞C、NＫT與靶細(xì)胞 ?D、CTL與腫瘤細(xì)胞２4.活化后能促進(jìn)T細(xì)胞活化信號的轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo),與CD4/CＤ８胞漿區(qū)相聯(lián)的PＴＫ是·········()A、p５６LcｋB、p5９FyｎC、ZAＰ-7０D、PＬC-γ２５.T細(xì)胞在胸腺的發(fā)育過程中，進(jìn)行TCR鏈基因重排的階段是···················(）Ａ、祖T細(xì)胞B、前T細(xì)胞Ｃ、雙陽性細(xì)胞D、單陽性細(xì)胞2６.T細(xì)胞在胸腺的發(fā)育過程中,最早表達(dá)TCR的階段是··························（)A、祖T細(xì)胞B、前T細(xì)胞Ｃ、雙陽性細(xì)胞D、單陽性細(xì)胞27．T細(xì)胞在胸腺的發(fā)育中,經(jīng)陽性選擇后······································（)Ａ、祖T細(xì)胞發(fā)育成前Ｔ細(xì)胞???B、前T細(xì)胞發(fā)育為雙陽性細(xì)胞C、雙陽性細(xì)胞發(fā)育成單陽性細(xì)胞 D、單陽性細(xì)胞發(fā)育為成熟Ｔ細(xì)胞２8.T細(xì)胞在胸腺的發(fā)育中，經(jīng)陰性選擇后······································(）A、祖T細(xì)胞發(fā)育為前T細(xì)胞 B、前T細(xì)胞發(fā)育為成雙陽性細(xì)胞C、雙陽性細(xì)胞發(fā)育為單陽性細(xì)胞 ?D、單陽性細(xì)胞發(fā)育為成熟T細(xì)胞29.陽性選擇的意義是·······················································（)Ａ、DP分化為ＳP????Ｂ、獲得ＭHC限制性C、清除自身反映性T細(xì)胞?Ｄ、A＋B30.關(guān)于陽性選擇,下列表述錯誤的是·········································（）A、發(fā)生在胸腺的皮質(zhì)B、被ＴCR辨認(rèn)自身抗原肽-自身MＨＣⅠ/Ⅱ分子復(fù)合物位于樹突狀細(xì)胞表面C、與自身抗原肽－自身MHCⅠ/Ⅱ分子復(fù)合物適當(dāng)親和力結(jié)合的DＰ才干發(fā)育成SPD、陽性選擇后的SP具有ＭＨC限制性31．關(guān)于陰性選擇,下列表述錯誤的是··········································（)A、發(fā)生在胸腺的皮質(zhì)髓質(zhì)交界處及髓質(zhì)區(qū)B、被TCR辨認(rèn)自身抗原肽-自身MＨCⅠ/Ⅱ分子復(fù)合物位于樹突狀細(xì)胞表面Ｃ、與自身抗原肽-自身MHCⅠ/Ⅱ分子復(fù)合物適當(dāng)親和力結(jié)合的ＤＰ才干發(fā)育成ＳPＤ、經(jīng)歷陰性選擇后的Ｔ細(xì)胞具有自身耐受性32．關(guān)于TＣＲ基因重排，下列表述錯誤的是·····································(）Ａ、TCR鏈Ｖ區(qū)基因由V、D、J基因片段重排而成B、TCＲ鏈V區(qū)由Ｖ、J基因片段重排而成Ｃ、鏈基因重排順序為：D-J連接V-DJ連接Ｄ、鏈基因重排成功的細(xì)胞表面表達(dá)ＴＣR33.前Ｔ細(xì)胞受體,下列表述錯誤的是··········································(）A、由TCR鏈與pT組成? ?B、辨認(rèn)抗原肽-MＨC分子復(fù)合物能力弱Ｃ、表達(dá)在前T細(xì)胞階段???D、能克制同源染色體上TCR鏈基因重排34．關(guān)于TＣR共受體,下列表述錯誤的是·······································()A、CD４與MHCⅡ類分子結(jié)合? B、CD8與MＨCⅠ類分子結(jié)合C、共受體分子的胞漿區(qū)具有ITAM Ｄ、參與T細(xì)胞活化第一信號的轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)35.關(guān)于ＣD４＋Ｔ細(xì)胞,下列表述錯誤的是·······································(）A、在與AＰC的互相作用中,受MHＣⅡ類分子限制B、其TＣR辨認(rèn)的抗原肽由8~1０氨基酸殘基組成C、活化后,分化為Th1、Th2、Th３等效應(yīng)細(xì)胞Ｄ、占T細(xì)胞60%～65%36．關(guān)于ＣＤ８+Ｔ細(xì)胞，下列表述錯誤的是·······································（)A、在與靶細(xì)胞的互相作用中，受MHCⅠ類分子限制??B、活化后,分化為CTLC、其TCＲ辨認(rèn)的抗原肽由8~1０氨基酸殘基組成 ?D、占Ｔ細(xì)胞60%～65%３7.誘導(dǎo)Th０分化為Th１的細(xì)胞因子是·········································()A、IL１2、ＩFＮ－ ?B、ＩＬ４、IL1０、ＴＧF ?Ｃ、IＬ4 D、IL6、ＴGF3８．誘導(dǎo)Ｔh0分化為Th2的細(xì)胞因子是·········································(）A、ＩL1２、IFN-? B、IL4、ＩＬ10、TGF C、ＩL４ ?Ｄ、IＬ6、TＧF39．誘導(dǎo)Ｔｈ0分化為Ｔh3的細(xì)胞因子是·········································()A、IL１2、IFＮ-??Ｂ、IL4、IL10、TGF? C、IL4 ?D、IL6、TGＦ４0.誘導(dǎo)Th0分化為Th１7的細(xì)胞因子是········································()A、IL12、IＦN- B、IL4、IＬ10、TGF ?C、IＬ４ D、IL6、TGF41.Tｈ３重要產(chǎn)生的細(xì)胞因子是···············································(）A、ＩＬ2、ＴNF、IFN-?? ???Ｂ、ＩL4、IL5、IL10、IL１３C、IＬ17、IL2１、IL22、IＬ26、ＴNF?? D、ＴGＦ42．Th17產(chǎn)生的細(xì)胞因子有··················································()A、ＩL2、TNF、IＦN－ ? ?? B、IL4、IL5、IL1０、ＩＬ13C、IL１7、ＩL21、IL22、IL26、TNＦ? D、TGF43．Ｔh１重要產(chǎn)生的細(xì)胞因子重要是···········································()Ａ、IL2、TNF、ＩFＮ- ? ? B、IL４、IL5、IＬ10、IＬ13C、ＩL17、IL21、IL2２、ＩL２6、TNF ? D、TＧF4４.Th2重要產(chǎn)生的細(xì)胞因子有···············································（)A、IＬ2、TＮF、IFN－ ?? ?B、IＬ４、IL5、IL１0、IＬ１３C、ＩL1７、IL21、ＩL22、IＬ26、ＴNＦ???Ｄ、ＴGF45．Ｔｆｈ產(chǎn)生的、在B細(xì)胞分化為漿細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗體和Ig類別轉(zhuǎn)換中發(fā)揮重要作用的細(xì)胞因子是······································································（)Ａ、IL２1 ?? B、IＦN- ?C、IL17? D、TGF４６．Th1產(chǎn)生的對Th２具有克制作用的細(xì)胞因子是·······························(）Ａ、TNＦ ?B、IFN- C、IL４? ?D、ＴGF４7.Tｈ2產(chǎn)生的對Tｈ１具有克制作用的細(xì)胞因子是·······························()A、TＮF ??B、IＦN－? C、IL4 D、TGF二、名詞解釋TCR-CＤ3復(fù)合物??陽性選擇??陰性選擇 前T細(xì)胞受體三、填