靈通高職英語(yǔ)1unit01A

Unit1Education

TextAAsianStudentsinWesternColleges1Warm-upWhathaveyoudoneinthepastvacation?Doyouhaveanysuggestionsforthissemester’steachingschedule?2VocabularyStudyAsiana.

亞洲的，亞洲人的n.

亞洲人westerna.

西方的，西部的equala.

相等的，平等的，勝任的opportunityn.

機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)機(jī)succeedv.

1.

(～in)取得成功2.繼任，繼承successfula.

成功的educationn.

教育，培養(yǎng)entrance

n.

1.入學(xué)，進(jìn)入2.入口，門口averagea.

平均的n.

平均，平均數(shù)scoren.

得分，分?jǐn)?shù)v.

得（分），記（分）★guaranteev.

保證，承諾amazinga.

令人驚訝的

△academica.

學(xué)術(shù)的，理論的△academicallyad.

學(xué)術(shù)上，理論上

achievern.

獲得者

△overallad.

大致上，整體上a.

所有的，整體的

culturen.1.文化，文明2.修養(yǎng)，教養(yǎng)

influencev.

影響，感化n.1.影響2.感化力Reading3VocabularyStudyConfuciana.

孔子的,儒家的n.

孔門弟子,儒家★immigrantn.(外來(lái))移民，外僑backgroundn.

背景generationn.1.一代人(或產(chǎn)品)2.產(chǎn)生，發(fā)展theoryn.1.理論，原理2.學(xué)說(shuō)scientistn.

科學(xué)家

suggestv.1.提出建議2.暗示，使想起，意思是generallyad.

一般地，通常，大體上generala.

1.總的，普遍的2.一般的，普通的3.通用的

dependv.

依靠,依賴

physicala.1.身體的，肉體的2.物理(學(xué))的

strengthn.

力量，力氣，實(shí)力

★conclusionn.1.結(jié)論，推論2.結(jié)束，終結(jié)

★duea.1.由于，因?yàn)?.應(yīng)得的3.應(yīng)付的，到期的

△filiala.

孝順的，子女應(yīng)該做的

△pietyn.1.孝順，孝敬2.虔誠(chéng)

systemn.1.制度，體制2.系統(tǒng)，體系

environmentn.

環(huán)境，周邊狀況Reading4PhrasesandExpressionsentranceexam入學(xué)考試ratherthan而不是

asarule通常，照例inlargepart在很大程度上dueto由于，因?yàn)閠ogetherwith和，加之5ProperNamesandNotesSAT:ScholasticAptitudeTest學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)(美國(guó)大學(xué)本科標(biāo)準(zhǔn)入學(xué)考試)Hispanic以西班牙語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人（尤指住在美國(guó)的拉丁美洲人）Filipino-American菲律賓裔美國(guó)人Korea[地名]韓國(guó)Vietnam[地名]越南Japan[地名]日本IQ:IntelligenceQuotient智商6FunStart—AFable

TheNorthWindandtheSunwerearguingaboutwhowasthestronger.Suddenlytheysawatravelercomingdowntheroad.TheSunsaid,“Iseeawaytosettleourargument.Whicheverofuscancausethattravelertotakeoffhiscoatshallbeseenasthestronger.Youbegin.”ThentheNorthWindblewashardashecould,buttheharderheblew,thetighterthetravelerwrappedhiscoataroundhim;andatlasttheNorthWindgaveuptrying.ThentheSunbegantoshinehot.Soonthetravelerfoundittoohottowalkwithhiscoaton,sohetookhiscoatoff.7QuestionsWhatdidtheNorthWinddotomakethetravelertakeoffhiscoat?WhatdidtheSundo,then?Whoprovedtobestronger,theNorthWindortheSun?Whatdoyouthinkmadeitsuccessful?8QuestionsHowdootherspersuadeyoutodosomething?Doyouthinkyouareeasyordifficulttopersuade?9QuotesandProverbsSparetherod,spoilthechild.Ifyoustudytoremember,youwillforget;ifyoustudytounderstand,youwillremember.10BackgroundInformation—SATMostcollegesrequirethetestforadmissionsanduseittoawardscholarships.TheSATisgiven7timesperyear.Thetestlastsfor3hours,45minutes.Itconsistsofthreesections:CriticalReading,MathandWritingsections(200-800pointspersection).RecentadditionstotheSATincludeanessay,grammar,andmathematics.11ConfucianIdeas

ConfucianismdescendsfromtheAnalects(sayings)ofaChinesephilosophernamedConfucius(551-479B.C.).

Belowarethemajorpremisesofthisphilosophy.TheSilverRule—”Donotimposeonothersthatwhichyouyourselfdonotdesire"—isthecentralethicalprincipleinConfucianthought.Thus,benevolenceisthehighestgood,

thegentleman/scholaristheidealbeing,andthecultivationoflifethroughstudyandproperactionsisthesupremeduty.

Notehisfamous“FiveVirtues”:

Benevolence,Wisdom,Righteousness,SincerityandPropriety.12Pre-readingQuestions1.Whichfactordoyouthinkismoreimportantforastudenttoachievesuccessinlearning,hardworkorhighIQ?2.HowmuchdoyouknowaboutConfucianideas?13AsianStudentsinWesternCollegesInAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,Asiansseembetterablethanmostotherpeoplegroupstosucceed,especiallyinthefieldofeducation.ItisbecomingmoreandmorecommonforthetopstudentsinAmericanschoolsandcollegestobetheoneswiththeAsianfaces.InoneoftheU.S.collegeentranceexams,theSAT,Asian-Americanshadanaveragescoreof1,091,whilewhitestudentshadanaverageof1,068,Hispanics922,andblacks864.1.WhoseemmoresuccessfulinAmericanschools? Asiansseemmoresuccessful.2.Whatdoes“inthefieldofeducation”referto? Inschoolsorincolleges.3.WhogetthehighesttestscoresinAmericancollegeentranceexams? Asian-Americans.Mainidea:

AsiansarebetterablepeopleinAmericanschools.TranslationReading14AsianStudentsinWesternColleges

Itisn’tjustbeingAsian,however,thatguaranteessuchamazingtestscores.Filipino-Americans,forexample,arenotusuallytopacademicachievers,althoughtheydoverywellforthemselvesoverall.TheAsianswhoareusuallyattheheadoftheclassaremostlythosefromAsianculturesmoststronglyinfluencedbyConfucianideas,suchasChina,Korea,Japan,andVietnam.1.WhichcountriesarethesesuccessfulAsianstudentsmostlyfrom? China,Korea,JapanandVietnam.2.WhataboutstudentsfromthePhilippines? Theyarenotusuallytopacademicachievers.3.WhydothesestudentsfromChina,Korea,JapanandVietnamusuallyperformbetter? BecausetheculturesofthesecountriesarestronglyinfluencedbyConfucianideas.Mainidea:OnlyAsiansfromConfucianculturescanbetopacademicachievers.

TranslationReading15AsianStudentsinWesternCollegesSowhydotheseAsiansusuallyrisetothetopoftheacademicworld?Becauseoftheirhard-workingimmigrantbackground?Thatmightseemtobetheanswer,butmanytopstudentsareAsiansnolongerfromimmigrantfamilies,butfromfamilieswhichhavelivedintheU.S.forthreeorfourgenerations.AnothertheorythatsomescientistshavesuggestedisthatAsiansfromConfucianculturesgenerallyhaveahigherIQbecauseofhavingaculturewithlongerhistoryofjobsthatdependedonbrainsratherthanjustphysicalstrength.Thistheory,thoughinteresting,isnotsupportedbythefacts,astheseAsiansarenotasaruleacademicallysuccessfulinothercountriesaroundtheworld.1.WhatkindoffamiliesaremanyoftheAsiansfrom? FromfamilieswhichhavelivedintheU.S.forthreeorfourgenerations.2.Accordingtosomescientists,whydoAsiansfromConfucianculturesgenerallyhaveahigherIQ? Becauseofhavingaculturewithlongerhistoryemphasizingjobsrequiringmentalability.3.Whyisn’tthetheorysupportedbythefacts? BecausetheseAsiansarenotsuccessfuleverywhereelseintheworld.Mainidea:TwopossiblereasonswhyAsiansrisetothetopoftheacademicworld.TranslationReading16AsianStudentsinWesternCollegesThegeneralconclusionofmostisthatAsians’academicsuccessis,inlargepart,duetothestronginfluenceoftheConfucianideasoffilialpiety,respectforeducation,andhardwork.TheseConfucianideastogetherwiththeWesternsystemofhighereducationhavemadetheperfectenvironmentforsuccessforyoungAsianstudents.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheConfucianideas? Filialpiety,respectforeducationandhardwork.2.WhatfunctionhastheWesternsystemofhighereducationperformedinthesuccessofAsianstudents? IthashelpedtomaketheperfectenvironmentforsuccessforyoungAsianstudents. Mainidea:

ConfucianideastogetherwiththeWesternsystemofhighereducationhavemadetheperfectenvironmentforsuccessforyoungAsianstudents.TranslationReading17LanguagePoints1.InAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,Asiansseembetterablethanmostotherpeoplegroupstosucceed,especiallyinthefieldofeducation. InAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,Asiansseemtohaveabetterchanceofbecomingsuccessfulthanmostotherpeoplegroups,especiallyinthefieldofeducation.

e.g.China,acountrywithalonghistory,hasaricherculturethan otherAsiancountriesineducation,food,art,etc. Laoguo,anoldworker,hasmoreexperiencethanmostotherworkersinthefactory.Return18LanguagePoints

Note：Theinfinitive“tosucceed”isputafter“thanmostotherpeople”forthepurposeofkeepingthebalanceofthesentenceandofemphasizingthecomparativeobjects. e.g.Boysarenotnecessarilybetterabletolearnsciencesubjects thangirls. Sarahismoreablethanherco-workerstomeetthequota.

Return19LanguagePoints2.ItisbecomingmoreandmorecommonforthetopstudentsinAmericanschoolsandcollegestobetheoneswiththeAsianfaces. ItisbecomingincreasinglycommonthatthetopstudentsinAmericanschoolsandcollegesarestudentswiththeAsianfaces.

Itis/was+adj./n.for…todosth. e.g.Itisagreathonorformetobegivensuchawarmreception attheparty. Itwasencouragingforusalltogainsuccessinthetestofthe newproduct.Return20LanguagePoints3.InoneoftheU.S.collegeentranceexams,theSAT,Asian-Americanshadanaveragescoreof1091,whilewhitestudentshadanaverageof1068,Hispanics922,andblacks864.averagea./v. e.g.averagecost/price/rate/score/temperature Thestudentshadanaverageof75pointsinthefinalmathexam.

Return21LanguagePointswhile:

conj.whereas

Note:Here“while”isusedtocontrasttwothingsorpersons. e.g.Girlsaregenerallygoodatartssubjects,whileboysscience subjects. Whilehetakesaninterestinpopmusic,Iprefercountrymusic.Return22LanguagePoints4.Itisn’tjustbeingAsian,however,thatguaranteessuchamazingtestscores. However,justbeingAsiandoesnotguaranteesuchamazingtestscores.

Itis/was(not)...that...: e.g.ItisinthesamestreetthatIranintoTom,oneofmyfriends, twiceinasingleday. Itisforthesakeofenteringagooduniversitythatshestudied deepintothenightinpreparationforthecollegeentrance exam.

Return23LanguagePointsguarantee:

v.topromisetodosth.;topromisesth.willhappen e.g.Wecannotguaranteethatourserviceisthebest,butitcertainly isgood. Thecompanyguaranteedthatthepaymentswouldbepaidback soon.Return24LanguagePointsamazing:a.

verysurprising,andcausingpleasureoradmiration e.g.anamazingperformance/achievement/play/success/ discovery/sight Theactor’samazingperformancemovedtheaudiencedeeply.Return25LanguagePoints5.Filipino-Americans,forexample,arenotusuallytopacademicachievers,althoughtheydoverywellforthemselvesoverall. Forexample,Filipino-Americansgenerallydoverywellintheirgeneralstudiesbuttheydonotusuallyachievetopacademicsuccess.

overall:ad./a.

e.g.Thegovernmentinvest2milliondollarsoverallinthenew school. Myoverallimpressionofthenovelwasfavorable.Return26LanguagePoints6.TheAsianswhoareusuallyattheheadoftheclassaremostlythosefromAsianculturesmoststronglyinfluencedbyConfucianideas,suchasChina,Korea,Japan,andVietnam.

TheAsians,usuallythetopstudentsoftheclass,aremainlythosewithAsianculturalbackgroundwhichisgreatlyinfluencedbyConfucianideas.

attheheadof:atthetopof;thebest

Note:“Influenced”isusedasanattributehere.

e.g.Whatwasthenameofthemovieshownlastnightatthecinema? Theconferenceheldatthehotelyesterdaywasonurban constructionanddevelopment.Return27LanguagePoints7.SowhydotheseAsiansusuallyrisetothetopoftheacademicworld?Becauseoftheirhard-workingimmigrantbackground?

SowhydotheseAsiansusuallybecomethemostsuccessfulintheacademicworld?Becausetheyhavethehard-workingimmigrantbackground?risetothetop:tobecomeimportant,powerful,successfulorrich

e.g.Herdiligenceandpatienceledhertorisetothetopofthe class. Thepeoplewhorisetothetopinpoliticsareusuallyskilledatnetworking.Return28LanguagePointsbecauseof: e.g.Hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterdaybecauseofhisillness. Theydidn’tgofishingbecauseoftheheavyrain.immigrant:n.

apersoncomingintoacountryfromabroadtomaketheir homethereReturn29LanguagePoints8.Thatmightseemtobetheanswer,butmanytopstudentsareAsiansnolongerfromimmigrantfamilies,butfromfamilieswhichhavelivedintheU.S.forthreeorfourgenerations. Thatmightseemtobetheanswer,butmanytopstudentsareAsianswhoarenotfromimmigrantfamiliesanylonger,butfromfamilieshavinglivedintheU.S.forthreeorfourgenerations.Return30LanguagePoints9.AnothertheorythatsomescientistshavesuggestedisthatAsiansfromConfucianculturesgenerallyhaveahigherIQbecauseofhavingaculturewithlongerhistoryofjobsthatdependedonbrainsratherthanjustphysicalstrength. AnothertheorythatsomescientistshavegivenisthatAsiansfromConfucianculturesgenerallyhaveahigherIQbecausetheyhaveaculturewithlongerhistoryofjobsdependingonbrainsmorethanjustphysicalstrength.dependon:toneedsomeoneagreatdealforhelporsupport e.g.Hisfamilydependsonhim. Whetheryoucansucceedornotdependsagreatdealon yourattitude.Return31LanguagePointsratherthan: 1)morethanortoagreaterdegreethansomeoneorsomethingelse e.g.Theparentsratherthanthechildrenshouldbeblamed. Ithinkyou’dcallitalectureratherthanatalk. 2)insteadofsomeoneorsomethingelse e.g.Hepreferstoridetotheparkratherthantakeabus. Whatwecannotaffordtolosenowistimeratherthanmoney.Return32LanguagePoints10.Thistheory,thoughinteresting,isnotsupportedbythefacts,astheseAsiansarenotasaruleacademicallysuccessfulinothercountriesaroundtheworld. Althoughitisinteresting,thistheoryisnotsupportedbythefacts,becausetheseAsiansarenotingeneralsuccessfulintheacademicfieldasthoseinAmericaare.

Return33LanguagePointsasarule:ingeneral;forthemostpart e.g.Asarule,wedonotallowsmokinginthehall. Asarule,moststudentsfinishtheircourseworkbytheendof June.

Return34LanguagePoints11.ThegeneralconclusionofmostisthatAsians’academicsuccessis,inlargepart,duetothestronginfluenceoftheConfucianideasoffilialpiety,respectforeducation,andhardwork. ItisagreedbymostpeoplethatAsians’academicsuccessistoalargeextentbecauseofthestronginfluenceoftheConfucianideasoffilialpiety,respectforeducation,andhardwork.

inlargepart:toagreatdegree;toagreatextent e.g.Hisachievementwasinlargepartbecauseofhisperseverance, hardworkandpropermethod.Return35LanguagePointsdueto:becauseof;owingto e.g.Theflightwascancelledduetotheheavyfrog. Duetohiscarelessnessandlackofmanagement,hesuffered lossesinthebusiness.Return36LanguagePoints12.TheseConfucianideastogetherwiththeWesternsystemofhighereducationhavemadetheperfectenvironmentfor

successforyoungAsianstudents. BoththeseConfucianideasandtheWesternsystemofhighereducationhavecreatedtheperfectenvironmentforsuccessforyoungAsianstudents.make/createaenvironmentfor: e.g.Schoolsshouldtrytomakeaperfectenvironmentforstudiesas wellasrecreationforstudents. Thegovernmenthasmadeafavorableenvironmentforthe investorsbyenactingnewfinancialpolicies.Return37Translation西方大學(xué)里的亞裔學(xué)生 在美國(guó)這個(gè)人人機(jī)會(huì)均等的國(guó)度，亞洲人似乎比大多數(shù)其他民族更有可能獲得成功，尤其在教育領(lǐng)域。美國(guó)的學(xué)校和大學(xué)里優(yōu)等生都是亞洲人的臉孔，這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)越來(lái)越常見了。美國(guó)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試之一的SAT考試中，亞裔學(xué)生的平均分是1091，而白人學(xué)生平均分為1068，美籍西班牙學(xué)生922，黑人學(xué)生864。Return38Translation 然而，僅僅擁有亞洲人的身份并不足以保證取得如此高分。比如說(shuō)，菲律賓裔美國(guó)人通常并不是學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)最好的，雖然他們自身很努力。通常位于班級(jí)前列的亞洲人大多數(shù)來(lái)自深受儒家思想影響的國(guó)家，比如中國(guó)、韓國(guó)、日本和越南。Return39Translation 那么為什么這些亞洲人常常能躋身于學(xué)術(shù)界的頂端呢？因?yàn)樗麄兦趧诘囊泼癖尘皢?？這似乎是答案所在，但許多優(yōu)等生不再是來(lái)自移民家庭，而是來(lái)自于在美國(guó)生活了三代或四代的亞洲家庭?？茖W(xué)家的另一種理論將儒家文化的亞洲人的高智商歸功于他們的文化傳統(tǒng)，因?yàn)樗麄儚氖履X力勞動(dòng)的時(shí)間比單純體力勞動(dòng)的歷史更悠久。這種理論雖然有趣，但還沒有事實(shí)支持，因?yàn)閬喼奕说膶W(xué)業(yè)在世界上其他國(guó)家并不總是很成功。Return40Translation 大多數(shù)人總結(jié)認(rèn)為，亞洲人學(xué)業(yè)上的成功在很大程度上是由于受到儒家思想的影響，比如說(shuō)對(duì)父母的孝順，對(duì)教育的尊重以及辛勤勞動(dòng)。這些儒家思想和西方高等教育體制一道為年輕的亞洲學(xué)生創(chuàng)造了完美的獲取成功的環(huán)境。Return41FurtherPractice——Translation1.均等機(jī)會(huì) equalopportunity 同等權(quán)利 equalright2.在……領(lǐng)域 inthefieldof… 在科技領(lǐng)域 inthefieldofscienceandtechnology3.美國(guó)大學(xué)本科標(biāo)準(zhǔn)入學(xué)考試 SAT/theU.S.collegeentranceexam 大廳的入口 entrancetothehall4.學(xué)習(xí)尖子生 topacademicachiever 大樓頂層 topofthebuilding5.在……最前面 attheheadof… 在名單的最上端 attheheadofthelist6.儒家思想 Confucianideas 奇怪的想法 strangeideas42FurtherPractice——Translation7.移民背景 immigrantbackground 背景音樂backgroundmusic8.體力，體能 physicalstrength 體育活動(dòng) physicalexercise9.通常，照例 asarule 交通規(guī)則 trafficrules

10.在很大程度上 inlargepart在某種程度上 inpart11.由于，因?yàn)?dueto 由于交通擁擠 duetoheavytraffic12.西方高等教育體制 Westernsystemofhighereducation 經(jīng)濟(jì)體制 economicsystem43FurtherPractice

——GivingtheOriginalsentences

1.InAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,comparedwithmostotherpeoplegroupsAsianssucceedmoreoften,especiallyinthefieldofeducation. InAmerica,thelandofequalopportunity,Asiansseembetterablethanmostotherpeoplegroupstosucceed,especiallyinthefieldofeducation.2.TheAsians,usuallythetopstudentsoftheclass,aremainlythosewithAsianculturalbackgroundwhichisgreatlyinfluencedbyConfucianideas… TheAsianswhoareusuallyattheheadoftheclassaremostlythosefromAsianculturesmoststronglyinfluencedbyConfucianideas.44FurtherPractice

——GivingtheOriginalsentences3.Althoughitisinteresting,thistheoryisnotsupportedbythefacts,forAsiansinothercountriesaroundtheworldarenotassuccessfulintheacademicfieldasthoseinAmericaare. Thistheory,thoughinteresting,isnotsupportedbythefacts,astheseAsiansarenotasaruleacademicallysuccessfulinothercountriesaroundtheworld.4.Itisagreedbymostpeoplethat