必修一unit4詞匯句型復(fù)習(xí)及定語(yǔ)從句講解

Ⅰ.寫出下列必考單詞1.軌道，足跡，痕跡n._____________2.蒸氣v._____________3.災(zāi)難，災(zāi)禍n._____________4.援救，營(yíng)救n.＆v._____________5.廢墟，（使)破壞，毀滅n.,vt.&vi._____________6.地震n._____________7.管,導(dǎo)管n._____________8.要點(diǎn),大綱,輪廓n._____________9.報(bào)刊的大字標(biāo)題n._____________10.掩蔽,掩蔽處,避身處n._____________11.（使)震驚,震動(dòng),休克；打擊,震驚n.＆v._____________12.運(yùn)河，水道n._____________canaltracksteamdisasterrescueruinearthquakepipeoutlineheadlinesheltershockⅡ.寫出下列單詞的變化形式1.破壞，毀壞，消滅v.__________破壞，毀壞n.__________破壞性的,毀滅性的adj.__________2.榮譽(yù)，尊敬n.＆v.__________可敬的,值得欽佩的adj.__________3.損害，傷害v.__________損害，傷害n._________受傷的adj.__________.4.有……氣味v.________氣味,味道n.__________發(fā)臭的，有臭味的adj.__________5.祝賀,恭賀v.____________恭賀,恭喜n.______________6.損失,損害n.__________賠償金n.__________受損的adj.__________7.利用,用途n.&v._______用法n.__________有用的adj.__________無(wú)用的，無(wú)效的adj._________uselessdestroydestructiondestructivehonourhonourableinjureinjuryinjuredsmellsmellsmellycongratulatecongratulation（s)damagedamagesdamageduseusageuseful二﹑詞組互譯將下列詞組或短語(yǔ)翻譯成中文或英語(yǔ)。1.________________立刻，馬上2.________________突然3._________________仿佛，好像4._________________結(jié)束，終結(jié)5._________________成為廢墟，破敗不堪6._________________挖掘，發(fā)現(xiàn)7.___________________大量的8.______________________對(duì)……不重視9.______________________成千上萬(wàn)的10.____________________三分之二rightawayburstinto/outasifatanendinruinsdigouta(great)numberthinklittleoftensofthousandsoftwo-thirdsof11.betoonervoustoeat_______________12.rescue…from…___________________13.tothenorthofthecity______________14.jumpoutof____________________15.describetosb______________16.everywheretheylook____________17.uselesspiecesofsteel____________18.falldown___________________19.rescueworkers_______________20.congratulationsonsb_________________向某人祝賀太緊張而不吃東西從中拯救出來(lái)城市以北從……跳出來(lái)向某人描述目光所及之處廢鐵倒塌，倒下救援人員消失了,不見(jiàn)了_________________Ⅴ.重點(diǎn)句型1.Itseemedthattheworldwasatanend!（P26)世界似乎到了末日!Itseems（tosb)that...（在某人看來(lái)）好像,似乎，仿佛覺(jué)得◆活學(xué)活用模仿造句。（1)好像沒(méi)有人知道發(fā)生的一切。____________________________________（2)我好像以前見(jiàn)過(guò)他。____________________________________Itseemedthatnobodyknewwhathadhappened.ItseemsthatIhaveseenhimbefore.2．Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.在農(nóng)家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食。too...to...句型表示“太……以至于不能……(表否定)”，可轉(zhuǎn)化為not...enoughto...和so...that...。Thechildistooyoungtodresshimself.Thechildisnotoldenoughtodresshimself.Thechildissoyoungthathecan'tdresshimself.這孩子太小，不能夠自己穿衣。提示：(1)當(dāng)too后接easy,ready,happy,willing,eager或anxious時(shí)，to后的動(dòng)詞表示肯定。例如：Thebookistooeasytounderstand.這本書太容易理解了。Hewastooanxioustoleave.他急于離開。(2)too...notto...句式表示肯定意思。例如：Heistoocarefulnottohavenoticedit.他那么細(xì)心，不會(huì)不注意到這一點(diǎn)的。(3)too...to...中too前面用了否定詞(如never)時(shí)，表示肯定。例如：Itisnevertoolatetomend.改過(guò)不嫌晚。(4)onlytoo...to...表示肯定，其中too后的形容詞多數(shù)是表示某種心情的，如glad,pleased,willing,thankful,delighted,determined等，也有描繪性的形容詞，如good,kind,true等。例如：Thegirlisonlytookindtohelpus.這姑娘非常樂(lè)于幫助我們。[即境活用2]Jimisakindboy.Heis______willingtohelphisclassmates.A．so B．suchC．much D．too解析：too＋glad/pleased/willing...to...表示肯定意義。如用A項(xiàng)應(yīng)改為so...asto才對(duì)。答案：D3．Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。此句為部分否定。all,both,each,every,everybody,everything,complete,completely,always,allthetime,whole,wholly,entirely,altogether等代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定詞not連用，構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。拓展：全部否定用：noone,none,neither,nobody,nothing，以及not...any/either來(lái)表示。①Noneofthemareright.他們都不對(duì)。②Neitherofuswillgo.我們倆都不去。③Nobodycanwinme.沒(méi)人能贏我。[即境活用3](1)—Theexamwasn'tdifficultatall,wasit?—No,butIdon'tbelieve______couldpassit.A．somebody B．a(chǎn)nybodyC．everybody D．nobody解析：not與everybody連用表示部分否定。答案：C(2)(2008·全國(guó)Ⅰ)—Whichofthetwocomputergamesdidyouprefer?—ActuallyIdidn'tlike______.A．bothofthem B．eitherofthemC．noneofthem D．neitherofthem解析：not...either＝neither表示全部否定。答案：B◆即學(xué)即練根據(jù)括號(hào)中的提示完成下列句子。（1)Alltheminers__________（沒(méi)有把……當(dāng)回事)theexplosionlastmonth.（2)Theheadmaster__________（高度評(píng)價(jià))yourreport.答案：（1)thoughtlittleof（2)thoughthighlyof◆即學(xué)即練根據(jù)括號(hào)中的提示完成下列句子。（1)Themeeting__________（結(jié)束了)atlast.（2)Thegovernmentisdetermined__________.（遏止恐怖主義活動(dòng))（3)Thewar__________.（終于結(jié)束了)（4)Aftermanyyearsofhardwork,theysucceeded________.（終于)答案:（1)cametoanend（2)toputanendtoterrorism（3)wasfinallyatanend（4)intheend[即學(xué)即練1](1)Sheburstout______forawhile,andburstinto______foranothermoment,whichmadeusataloss.她一會(huì)兒突然哭起來(lái)，一會(huì)兒又突然笑起來(lái)，這使我們一頭霧水。(2)Weallthoughthisheartwouldburst_________________________.我們都認(rèn)為他心中的快樂(lè)快要爆發(fā)出來(lái)了。(3)Thepolice____________andarrestedthegang.警察突然闖進(jìn)來(lái)逮捕了那幫人。

cryinglaughterwithhappinessburstin[即學(xué)即練5](1)Hewassittingwithhishead______inabook.他坐著埋頭看書。(2)Hewalkedslowly,hishands______inhispockets.他走得很慢，兩手插在衣袋里。(3)Afterthedivorce,she__________________herwork.離婚后，她埋頭于工作。buriedburiedburiedherselfin提示：表示“專心于，致力于”意義的短語(yǔ)還有：bedevotedto,beaddictedto,beabsorbedin等。[即學(xué)即練6](1)Don't______abook______itscover.勿以貌取人。(2)______________hisaccent,hemustbeasoutherner.根據(jù)他的口音判斷，他一定是個(gè)南方人。(3)He________________________thebestactorofthisyear.他被評(píng)為今年的最佳男演員。judgebyJudgingfrom/byWasjudgedtobeTheAttributiveClause定語(yǔ)從句(一)Findouttheattributiveclausesfromthetext“theEarthDidn’tSleep”.1.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquake_________________

__________shookTangshan.

2.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthose_______________________.whichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstonewhoweretrappedandtoburythedeadSomesentenceswithatrributiveclauseinthetextButthepeopleinthecity,_____________________________wenttosleepasusualthatnight.ItwasheardinBeijing,_____________________________________

who

thoughtlittleoftheseevents,whichismorethan200kilometersaway.Ahugecrack_________________________________________________cutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Thenumberofpeople______________________reachedmorethan400,000.thatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidewhowerekilledorinjured句子成分主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語(yǔ)↓謂語(yǔ)↓定語(yǔ)↓賓語(yǔ)↓同位語(yǔ)↓狀語(yǔ)Attribute(定語(yǔ))1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.Sheisabeautifulgirl.修飾；限定honestourtelephone找出下列句中的定語(yǔ)。beautifulyour

Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定語(yǔ)的位置）1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.Sheisagirlwithlonghair.3.Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.通常情況下，單個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的前面，短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要放于被修飾詞的后面。定語(yǔ)從句的位置定語(yǔ)從句通常放在被修飾詞之后。e.g.Thisis

thecar

whichheboughtlastyear.先行詞定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞(antecedent)(relativepronoun)(theattributiveclause)在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做

定語(yǔ)從句（句意：“……的”）被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做“先行詞”。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫“關(guān)系詞”。HeisanEnglishteacher

wholikessingingsongs.定語(yǔ)從句先行詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞:where﹑when﹑why定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞：who、whom、whose、which、that1.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2.代替先行詞。3.在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系詞的三個(gè)作用:確定關(guān)系代詞的步驟1.先找先行詞，2.看先行詞指的是人還是物。3.看關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代關(guān)系指人指物在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分who√主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(可省略)whom√賓語(yǔ)(可省略)which√主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(可省略)that√√主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(可省略)whose√√定語(yǔ)Thebuildingwhichstandsbytheriverisourschool.主句:定語(yǔ)從句:先行詞:關(guān)系詞:關(guān)系詞指代:關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分Thebuildingisourschool.whichstandsbytheriverbuildingwhichbuilding主語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。例:1)Theboyswhoareplayingfootballaremyfriends.2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句2.whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，常可省略

如介詞提前則不能省。例:1)Heistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.2)Heisthepersonaboutwhomyoutalked.(注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)中常用who代替，可省略。)但在介詞后面只能用whom不可用who例:

Theman(who/whom)

youspoketoismyfriend.Themantowhomyouspokeismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，

做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。如介詞提前則不能省略。例:1.Thisisabookwhichislikedbymostboys.2.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.3.Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。例:1.Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisit

thecityeachyearrisesonemillion.2.Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawyesterday?Ilostthebook(that/which)

Iboughtyesterday.Doyouknowthenameofthebookthat/which

ispopularwithstudentnow.5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。例:Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.例:Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenisthere.=TheclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenisthereDoyouknowtheboywhosenameisTom?=DoyouknowtheboythenameofwhomisTom?(注意：whose可用the+名詞+ofwhom/which來(lái)代替。)1.The

nurse

iskind.

2.The

nurse

looksaftermysister.

Thenurse

who/thatlooksaftermysister

iskind.照顧我妹妹的那個(gè)護(hù)士很友善。合并下列句子

照顧我妹妹的1.ThegirlisfromAmerica.2.Icalledherjustnow.

Thegirl(whom/that/who)IcalledjustnowisfromAmerica.我剛才叫的那個(gè)女孩來(lái)自美國(guó)。我剛才叫的1.Heisreadingabook.2.ItsnameisGonewiththeWind.

HeisreadingabookwhosenameisGonewiththeWind

.他正在看一本名叫《飄》的書。名叫《飄》的1.They’retalkingaboutthefilm.2.Ihaveseenthefilm.

They’retalkingaboutthefilm

(which/that)I’veseen.他們正在討論我看過(guò)的那部電影。我看過(guò)的把下面兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句1.Themanhasbeencaught.Hestolethebike.2.Amachineisplane.Themachinecanfly.3.Tomisaboy.Hebroketheglassyesterday.Themanwhostolethebikehasbeencaught.

Aplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.Tomisaboywhobroketheglassyesterday.4.Iwantedtoseethegirl.Shehadleftalready.5.Workersbuiltsheltersforthesurvivors.Theirhomeshadbeendestroyedintheearthquake.6.ItwasfeltinBeijing.Beijingwas200kmaway.Iwantedtoseethegirlwhohadleftalready.Workersbuiltsheltersforthesurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyedintheearthquake.ItwasfeltinBeijingwhichwas200kmaway.例1.Theman__________gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主語(yǔ))例2:Theboy_________________thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(賓語(yǔ),可省略)例3:Thecar________________isredwasdamagedyesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主語(yǔ))例4:Thequestion_______________Idon’tunderstandisaboutgrammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(賓語(yǔ),可省略)

例5Thebook______coverisredismine.

A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB關(guān)系代詞表示先行詞的所屬關(guān)系，指人和物時(shí)都用whose,可理解為“……的”whose+n.=then.ofwhich/whomIamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)。2.先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,few,little,much等修飾時(shí)。NOTE

一、

that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything_____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatChoosethebestanswers:3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_____hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.thatThisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.3.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。4.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時(shí)。5.當(dāng)先行詞是who,which,或主句是以這些詞開頭時(shí)。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?2.Pleasetakethesecondchair_______isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it1.Whichisthebook

youboughtlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.whoD.which

注：先行詞有兩個(gè)，既有人也有物時(shí)，也只能用that。

Weweretalkingaboutthepeopleandthings

thatwesawinourschool.用which，不用that1.在非限制定語(yǔ)從句中。2.在介詞之后（物用which，人用whom).3.有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)從句關(guān)系代詞已用了that，另一個(gè)宜用which.ThisisthepaperthatIreadeverydayandwhichIfindsointeresting.4.當(dāng)先行詞本身是that.Thepredicateisthatwhichissaidofthesubject.當(dāng)先行詞是those,she,he,they等代詞時(shí),關(guān)係代詞用who.He

whoknowsothersislearned,andhewhoknowshimselfiswise.

知人者智，自知者明。Nothingintheworldisdifficult

foronewhosetshismindtoit.世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人。

1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthevery

thing_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat1.在定語(yǔ)從句中加了多余的賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)。SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary.Thisisthemanthathewascaughtstealingyesterday.2.把定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)弄錯(cuò)。Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished.Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome.3.誤省略了定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞。Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth.4.在作先行詞的時(shí)間名詞或地點(diǎn)名詞后錯(cuò)用了關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。Istillrememberthedaywhenwespenttogether.定語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤歸納1

breakshavethat/which1)

Theman______________Isawtoldmetowait.

1.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,

whichand

that.whom/who/that2)Lookattheboyandhisdog_____arecomingthisway.thatExercises3)Tomisthefirstboy_____lefttheroom.thatthat4)Hesawahouse_____windowswereallbroken.whose5)Youcanreadanybook_____Ihave.ThisisthelongesttrainwhichIhaveeverseen.that

2)TheradiowhichIboughtitlastweekhasgonewrong.去掉it3)ItwasameetingthatimportanceIdidn'trealizeatthattimewhoseCorrectthesentences:4)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhosewasveryreasonable.

which5.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.that

All_____weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom2.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whatExercises:3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_____youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.inwhereC./D.when4.Idon’tliketheway____youspeaktoher.A.thatB.inthatC.whoD.whose5.Themostimportantthing____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons____noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that7.Whoistheperson________istalkingabouttheaccident______happenedonHighway104?A.which;whi