Module12語(yǔ)法學(xué)案 外研版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

Module12語(yǔ)法學(xué)案——祈使句和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,can,could表示推測(cè)語(yǔ)法梳理。（一）祈使句：祈使句表達(dá)說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的叮囑、勸告、希望、禁止、建議、請(qǐng)求或命令等。祈使句一般以開頭，時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。常見的句型如下:1.動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的祈使句此類祈使句暗含的主語(yǔ)是，但通常。否定句往往由donot(don't)或開頭。祈使句的句首或句末有時(shí)加please，還可以加上稱呼語(yǔ)，用逗號(hào)與句子主體隔開。例如:Haveaniceday!祝你度過(guò)美好的一天!Don'twasteyourtime!別浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了!Neverbelateagain!再也不要遲到了!Comethisway,please.請(qǐng)走這邊。Pleasebequiet,boys!男孩們，請(qǐng)安靜!Makesurehe'swarm.確保他不受涼。Don'tusethelift.不要使用電梯。2.let's構(gòu)成的祈使句：這類祈使句往往用于提出建議。例如:Let'sthisweekendinthecountryside.這周咱們到鄉(xiāng)下度周末吧。Let'sataxi,shallwe?我們坐出租車好嗎?3.無(wú)動(dòng)詞祈使句在請(qǐng)求、命令和口號(hào)中，常用無(wú)動(dòng)詞祈使句，它實(shí)際上是省略了，從而使語(yǔ)句更簡(jiǎn)潔有力。例如;Justaminute,please!請(qǐng)稍等!Thisway,please!請(qǐng)這邊走!(二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must.can.could表示推測(cè)1.我們學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can和could表示“能夠，可以”等意義的用法。can和could還可以表示對(duì)或的推測(cè)，意為“會(huì)，可能”，但can表示推測(cè)時(shí)，往往用于和。用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，can比could表示的“可能性”要大，用于否定句時(shí)，cannot(can')表示“”。例如:Youbeserious!你不是認(rèn)真的吧!2.could則可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句。在以下例句中，can和could均表示可能:Hebeinpain.他可能很疼。Thatbeharmful!那可能有害!/thisbetrue?這有可能是真的嗎?3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must也可以表示猜測(cè)，意思為“一定，準(zhǔn)是”，通常只用于。如課文中的例子:Betty,youmustknow!貝蒂，你肯定知道!請(qǐng)仔細(xì)對(duì)比下列一組句子:Whosentthepresent?itbeyourbrother?是誰(shuí)送來(lái)的禮物啊?會(huì)是你哥哥嗎?(詢問(wèn)可能性)Itbeyourbrother.Isawhiminyourroomjustnow.肯定是你哥哥，我剛才看見他在你的房間里。(語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)烈，表示非?？隙?Itbemybrother.HeisstillinFrance.不可能是我哥哥，他還在法國(guó)呢。(表示不可能)4.needneed作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示“”，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句。否定形式或者比較常用，表示“不需要”或“不必要”。例如:Ifshewantsanything,sheonlyask.如果她要什么，說(shuō)一下就行了。Youwait.你不必等待。請(qǐng)注意:need也可以作行為動(dòng)詞，表示“”，常用于needtodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:Ineedcleanthehouse.我需要把房子打掃一下。Youdon'tneedleavenow.I'sstillearly,你沒(méi)必要現(xiàn)在走，還早呢。5.must,can,need的一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成及其回答請(qǐng)看下列三組例句:--------MustIcomebefore6:30tomorrow?明天我必須在六點(diǎn)半之前來(lái)嗎?--------Yes,you.是的，你必須在那之前到。(表示一定要)--------No,you/不，你不必在那之前來(lái)。-------Canwegohomenow,please?請(qǐng)問(wèn)我們現(xiàn)在能回家嗎?------Yes,you.可以。(表示允許)------No,you.不行。(表示不允許)-------NeedIreportittothepolice?我要向警方報(bào)告這件事嗎?------Yes,you.是的，你必須報(bào)告。(表示必須做)-------No,you.不，沒(méi)必要。(表示沒(méi)必要)-------MayIgohomenow,please?請(qǐng)問(wèn)我們現(xiàn)在能回家嗎?------Yes,you.可以。(表示允許)------No,you.不行。(表示不允許)6.must與haveto的區(qū)別兩者都表示“必須”，但must側(cè)重于說(shuō)話者的看法，認(rèn)為有必要或有義務(wù)去做某事;haveto側(cè)重于需要，含有“不得不，”之意。例如:Allpassengerswearseatbelts.所有乘客都要系安全帶。Mybikewasbrokenyesterday,soIwalktoschool.昨天我的自行車壞了，所以我只能走路去學(xué)校。用于否定句時(shí)，must的否定式mustnot(mustn't)表示“一定不要，”;而haveto的否定式donot(don't)haveto表示“”(=)。請(qǐng)比較:Youtellhimaboutit.你絕對(duì)不要告訴他這件事。(可能是秘密)Youtellhimaboutit.你不必告訴他這件事。(他可能知道了或者沒(méi)有必要讓他知道)7.hadbetterhadbetter表示勸告或建議，意思是“最好...”例如:You'dgetsomesleep.你最好睡一會(huì)兒。hadbetter一般疑問(wèn)句中，但可用于否定句中，其否定形式為hadbetternot。例如You'dbetterwasteanymoreofyourtime.你最好別再浪費(fèi)你的時(shí)間了。8.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表可能英語(yǔ)中表示可能的方式有很多，有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/，有表示可能的形容詞構(gòu)成的句式：ItistodosthItisthat+從句還有通過(guò)will以及表示“可能”的副詞的表達(dá)，常用的有:主語(yǔ)+will/+v.等。例如:IsittovisitAlaskainDecember?12月份去阿拉斯加旅游有可能嗎?Itisthatitwillsnowinthenight.夜里有可能會(huì)下雪。Itwillbecoldandwet.天氣很可能會(huì)又冷又濕。Completethesentenceswithmayorprobably.1ItbecoldandwetinHongKonginJanuary.2MarywillgotoNewYorkintheautumn.3Itwillraintomorrow,soIwillstayathomeandreadabook.4Youneedtotakeascarfwithyou.Itiscold.5Itrainlater,sotakeanumbrellawithyou.6ItwillbesunnyinHaikoutomorrow.完成句子。1.Heis.他很疼。2.Buthecouldhavetroubleyouortoyou.但是他有可能難以聽到你或者和你說(shuō)話。3.he'swarm,確保他不受涼。4.That'sgoodthatyoucouldbeadoctor,Betty!這個(gè)建議非常好，貝蒂，你都可以當(dāng)醫(yī)生了!Earthquakesalwayshappensuddenly,soitisdifficultpeoplethem.地震總是發(fā)生得很突然，所以很難給予人們預(yù)警。,whenyouarewithotherpeople.保持鎮(zhèn)靜，尤其是當(dāng)身邊還有其他人的時(shí)候。,followwhatyoulearnedinschool.總之，按照在學(xué)校所學(xué)到的(地震)知識(shí)去做。語(yǔ)法突破。1．-IsthatMrLiintheclassroom?-No,it__________behim.He'sintheofficenow.A．can't B．mustn't C．needn't D．maynot2．Let'sasktheteacherforhelp.She__________theanswer.A．mustknow B．mustn'tknow C．couldknowing D．can'tknow3．—I

think

the

girl

under

the

tree

must

be

Alice.

—No,it

be

her.She

is

in

the

gym

now.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．may D．may

not4．“Tom,_______afraidofspeakinginpublic.Youarenolongerasmallboy.”saidmum.A．benot B．isn’t C．doesn’tbe D．don’tbe5．—IheardIgota"D"inthetestyesterday.It'shardtobelieve.—It________betruebecauseMrsLeesaideveryonepassedit.A．may B．mustnot C．cannot D．shouldnot6．—ThatblackT-shirtwithYaoMing’spictureonit_______belongtoDavid.Helikeshimverymuch.—No,it_______behis.Hehatesblackcolour.A．may;can’t B．can;mustn’t C．can;can’t D．must;mustn’t7．Iknowthatman.He_________beHelen’sfather.A．may B．need C．must D．can8．_________

make

any

noise.

Your

mother

is

reading

books.A．Not B．Be

not C．No D．Don’t9．—Look,someoneleftabook.—Oh,yeah…Thisbook________beKitty’s.Onlyshelikestoreadthiskindofbooks.A．can B．mustC．may D．might10．—________weleavethelibrarybefore5o’clock?—No,youneedn’t.Youcanstayhereuntil5:30.A．Must B．May C．Can D．Might11．—Isthatyouruncle?—It____behim.HeisinAmericanow.A．can B．must C．can't12．Thisbook____belong(屬于)toTim.Hisnameisonthecover.A．mustn't B．must C．can't13．—Ican’tfindmyphoneanywhere.—Youhavelostitwhileshopping.A．may B．can C．should D．would14．—Dowehavetofinishourhomeworkthisafternoon?—Yes,you________.A．must B．can C．may D．need15．Itdoesn'tlooklikerain,soyou_______bringyourumbrellawithyou.A．shouldn't B．mustn't C．can't D．needn't16．Tom,________afraidofspeakingoutyourideas.A．don'tB．notC．notbeD．don'tbe17．—IsthatgirlunderthetreeMary?—No,it________beMary.SheisinBeijingnow.A．can’t B．needn’tC．wouldn’t D．shouldn’t18．—IsthatyournewmathteacherMissLi?—It________beher.ShehasgonetoBeijingforameeting.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．can D．must19．—Let’sgodancingtonight.—Sorry,I______.Ihavetogotoameeting.A．mustn’t B．maynotC．needn’t D．can’t20．buyyourticketfromaticketmachine.Therearelotsofpeoplethere.A．Not B．Notto C．Don’t D．Don’tto21．________turnright!A．Not B．Don’t C．Isn’t D．Must22．Let’s________TV.A．watches B．watch C．watching23．—Remember________theclassroomafterschool.—OK.I________.A．cleaning;do B．toclean;do C．cleaning;will D．toclean;will24．________rightatthesecondcrossingandyouwillfindthehospital.A．Turn B．Toturn C．Turning D．Turns25．________lateforschoolandlistentotheteacherscarefully.A．Don’t B．Be C．Don’tbe D．Doesn’t26．intheschoollibrary.A．Nottalkoreat B．Nottalkingoreating C．Don'ttalkoreat D．Don'ttalkingoreating27．—Youcaneat,but________eatintheclassroom.—Sorry,Mr.Smith.A．don’t B．doesn’t C．isn’t D．a(chǎn)ren’t28．—________lateforschoolagain.—Sorry,Iwon't.A．Notbe B．Don'tbe C．Not D．Don't29．Jim,________watchTVtoomuch.It'sbadforyoureyes.A．doesn’t B．don’t C．can’t D．isn’t30．—________runinthehallway.—Sorry,Mr.Li.A．Doesn’t B．Don’t C．Aren’t D．Isn’t31．________alongBridgeStreetandturnleft,please.A．Going B．Goes C．Togo D．Go32．Let’s________thezoo.Iwant________thetigers.A．go;see B．goto;tosee C．togo;see D．togo;tosee33．Letme________thesebooksintothebox.A．puts B．put C．toput D．putting34．—Alan,________upnowandgetdressed.

—OK,Mom.A．get B．gets C．toget D．getting35．—Peter,________yourhandsbeforeyoueat.

—Isee.A．wash B．washes C．towash D．washing36．—Whosenotebookisthis?—It________beAlan’s.Itlookslikehis.A．must B．can’t C．might D．mustn’t37．—Don’tforgettosendhimane-mailonhisbirthday.—OK,I________.A．don’t B．can’t C．haven’t D．won’t38．—HowmanypointscanyougetinthecomingEnglishexam,dear?—Sorry,I’mnotsure.I________beabletogetover90.A．must B．hadbetter C．may D．should39．—Whoisthemanoverthere?IsitMr.Li?—No,it__________behim.Mr.Liismuchtaller.A．mustn’t B．maynot C．can’t D．needn’t40．—Whatshouldwedotoprotectthefishintheriver?—Wethrowrubbishintotheriver.A．need B．needn't C．must D．mustn't41．You________openthedoorbeforethecarstop.It'sdangerous.A．won't B．maynot C．mustn't D．needn't42．TheBritishMuseumisverytraditional.Thereisnoshoutingandvisitorsmakeanoiseortouchanything.A．can B．mustn’t C．should D．might43．Itbethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlyfiveo’clockinthemorning.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．maynot D．needn’t44．—Ifeeltired.—You________gotobedsolate.A．must B．shouldn’t C．should45．TheEnglishbook________beMike’sbecauseIcanseehisnameonit.A．can B．shouldn’t C．need D．must46．Paul________gointotheroom.He________gotakey.A．can;hasn't B．can't;hasn't C．can;doesn'thave D．can't;don'thave47．—Mum,mustIstaythereforthewholeday?—No,you_________.You_________comebackafterlunch,ifyoulike.A．mustn't,can B．needn't;must C．needn't;can D．mustn't;must48．Youshould________forawalkaftermeals.A．togo B．going C．go D．goes49．—Excuseme.Canyoutellmewhattimeitisnow?—Sorry,I_________.Mywatchdoesn’twork.A．can’t B．maynotC．mustn’t D．needn’t50．—IsthatmanMr.Smith?—It______behim.HehasgonetoNewYorkonbusiness.A．maynot B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t四．基礎(chǔ)鞏固。51．----MustIwriteallthewordsdownnow?---No,you____.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．wont’ D．needn’t52．______itbePeter?No,it______bePeter,It______beTom.A．May,maynot,may B．Can,can’t,mayC．Can,maynot,can D．Can,can’t,can53．—Whereareyougoingthismonth?—We_________gotoXiamen,butwe’renotsure.A．needn’t B．must C．might D．mustn’t54．Myhomeisinasmallvillageatthe________ofahugemountain.A．edge B．path C．bottom D．ground55．LiMingissocarefulthathealwayslooksoverhisexercisesto________therearenomistakes.A．makesure B．findout C．thinkof D．workout56．Heleftschoolandbegantowork________twelve.A．a(chǎn)ttheageof B．a(chǎn)tthebeginningof C．a(chǎn)tthetopof D．a(chǎn)tthebottomof57．—Mr.White,couldyougivemesomeadvice?IhaveinlearningEnglish.

—Sure.First,youshouldbeconfidentandnevergiveup.Second...A．fun B．trouble C．interest D．surprise58．Throughthestoriesbehindtheidioms,wewouldbeabletofully________China’sculture,historyandtradition.A．understand B．carry C．compare D．imagine59．—Idon'tthinkPaulwill_____hismind.—Ican'tagreemore.Heneverfollowsothers'advice.A．imagine B．change C．choose D．improve60．Isawawallet__________ontheground.A．lies B．lying C．lied D．ling61．-Canyou__________thebigstone?-No,Ican't.It'stooheavy.A．putup B．setup C．liftup D．giveup62．-Linda,youhurtyourlegyesterday.Areyoustillin__________painnow?-Muchbetter.A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/63．Thebossmadehim__________alotofworkeverydayintheolddays.A．todo B．do C．did D．doing64．Pleasecheckyourpaperto_____therearenomistakes.A．thinkof B．tryout C．findout D．makesure65．—NataliaPartykahasjustbeatenLiJiawei!—It’shardto________agirlwithonlyonearmcanplayping－pongsowell.A．imagineB．realizeC．knowD．find66．Mr.Wuisa________person.Youcanaskhimforhelp.A．helpful B．healthy C．lazy(懶惰的) D．strong67．—WhatdoyouplantodothisSaturday?—Itdependsontheweather.Ifit'sa________day,I'mgoingtoflykiteswithmyclassmates.A．crazy B．clear C．busy D．rainy68．Onvideo,DoctorZhongNanshan________teenagerstostudyhardinthefirstlessonofthisterm.A．a(chǎn)llowed B．trained C．encouraged D．warned69．—Wereyou________whenyouwerespeakinginfrontofsomanypeople?—Notatall.Ispentplentyoftimepreparingforit,youknow.A．calm B．nervous C．patient D．surprised70．—Ifeelvery_________________.MayIhaveacake?—Sure,youmaytakeonefromthefridge.A．brave B．thirsty C．full D．hungry71．Thestudentsstopped__________whentheteachercamein.A．talk B．totalk C．talking D．talked72．--Who__________thegirlfromthefire?--Akind-heartedyoungman.Buthelosthislife.A．helped B．saved C．brought D．carried73．Itisvery__________forstudentstoreadgoodbooks.A．careful B．helpful C．easily D．hardly74．It'shotinside.Whynotkeepthedoor__________?A．opened B．opening C．toopen D．open75．—Wereyouwhenyouwereplayinginthefinal?—Notatall.Iwasquitesurethatourteamwouldwin.A．excited B．interested C．calm D．nervous76．Lindaisshy.Shealwaysfeels________whenshespeaksinfrontofpeople.A．relaxed B．nervous C．proper D．clear77．—Whatdoes“silly”mean?—Ithasthesamemeaningas“”.A．ill B．bright C．brave D．stupid78．—Let’sgo____theroadnow.—Waitamomentplease.Thelightisrednow.A．a(chǎn)cross B．through C．under D．With79．Mr.Blackusedtobebusy.Butnowhe’sretiredand,sohehasplentyoftimetoexercise.A．hard B．calm C．free D．nervous80．TheteachertoldMike________toomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A．don’tspend B．nottospend C．doesn’tspend D．notspend81．—Keepthedoorandwindow________.Itissocold.—OK,I________.A．closing;will B．open;do C．closed;will D．opened;do82．Don’t________.Westillhaveenoughtime.A．worry B．beworry C．worried D．getworry83．It’stimeforsupper.Let’s_______it.A．stophaving B．stoptohaveC．tostoptohave D．tostophaving84．___________andbehonest,Tom,orotherswon’ttrustyou.A．Keepingasecret B．KeepasecretC．Keepingsecrets D．Keepsecret85．It's______________interestingbookthatwealllikeit.A．suchan B．soan C．sucha D．soa86．—Tom,______anysugartomycoffee.—OK.Whataboutsomemilkinthecoffee?A．doesn’tadd B．didn’tadd C．notadd D．don’tadd87．playwithfire.withfireisdanger