中考英語完形填空策略指導課件

StrategiesofClozeTests完形填空解題策略完形填空是一種既對局部進行考查、又對整體進行宏觀考查的試題類型，是一種考查語言知識綜合運用能力的測試形式。其要求考生根據(jù)文章的整體內容和結構，在區(qū)分其內在邏輯關系的同時，選擇符合文章情節(jié)的答案。命題特點是“立足語境、強調推理、注重實際”。完形填空概述中考完形填空采用的考試形式通常為：記敘文、短篇小說、議論文、科普文章、劇本、書信、電子郵件等大多數(shù)學生熟悉的長度為300--380詞的文本中留出15個空白處，構成15個小題，每小題有4個選項，要求考生從中選出一個最佳答案，使內容完整、正確，構成一篇完整、可閱讀的。完形填空考查體裁完形填空解題技巧完形填空技能詞語復現(xiàn)解題法上下文語境邏輯推理解題法詞義辨析和固定搭配解題法語法結構解題法根據(jù)生活常識解題法詞語復現(xiàn)解題法是指某一個詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一語篇中重復出現(xiàn)。語篇中的句子通過復現(xiàn)關系達到相互銜接的目的。詞語復現(xiàn)又可分為原詞復現(xiàn)、同源詞復現(xiàn)（又叫同根詞復現(xiàn)）、同義詞或近義詞復現(xiàn)（包括與近義詞的同根詞復現(xiàn)，如ill與sick）、上下義復現(xiàn)（即總括與分述，如animal是sheep,tiger等的上義詞；rose是flower的下義詞）、反義復現(xiàn)等。Tip1:詞語復現(xiàn)解題法小試牛刀MrsNeidlwouldaskmeformy_______.ShewantedtoknowhowIthought...ShebelievedIhadopinions,soIbeganto...()A.opinionB.informationC.inventionD.introductionTheartexpertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyusedmodernchemistrytechnologyto________thepaintonthepicture.Thesechecksfoundtrace(痕跡）ofpaintdeepinthepicturedatingfromabout1814.()A.tryB.removeC.washD.checkAD原詞復現(xiàn)Tip2:上下文語境邏輯推理解題法這類題主要是通過短文中上下語境所透露的信息進行解題。首先要正確理解所給信息，再進行合理分析和推斷，這種語境信息一定要遵循邏輯概念。這種邏輯關系主要包含并列關系、對比關系、遞進關系、因果關系、轉折關系、讓步關系和結果關系等。這類題的選項多為連詞、副詞或具有連詞意義的各類短語。小試牛刀Whenwetalked,IdiscoveredsomedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle_______thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhaveforty-fiveminutesineachclass.()A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.laterMrsBlackwouldaskmeformyopinion.ShewantedtoknowhowIthoughtweshouldhandlethngs.AtfirstIhadnoideatoanswerbecauseIknow________aboutstagedesign!()A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everythingBC對比關系因果關系Tip3:詞義辨析和固定搭配解題法這類題主要是慣用搭配，涉及到關聯(lián)詞、動詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語等。小試牛刀ThechancepassedandIdidn't_____it.ItooktheexamthenextdayandIwon.Ididn'tmeantocheat,butIwasstillcheatinganyhow.()A.takeB.haveC.loseD.findThenursehadhimtakea______inthewaitingarea,tellinghimitwouldbeatleast40minutesbeforesomeonewouldbeabletoseehim.()A.breathB.testC.seatD.walkABThechancepassed和Ididn'ttakethechance構成并列關系，意為“沒有抓住機會”Tip4:語法結構解題法這類題需要考生有較為扎實的語法基礎知識，能夠從句式的結構上辨別出，并填入相關的關聯(lián)詞、連詞、副詞、形容詞或相應的動詞。當然還要考慮到主謂一致等語法知識要點。Asmyfather,_____workedthreejobs,oncetoldme...()A.heB.whoseC.whoD.whomShewasFrench--perhapsfromthatplace_____heusuallyspenthisholidays.()A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which小試牛刀CA定語從句Tip5:根據(jù)生活常識解題法將文本意思和我們原有的生活經(jīng)驗、文化背景知識，以及科普常識結合起來，進行簡單推理，從而得出正確答案。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推理”常常交織在一起，因為雖有背景常識，仍需要簡單推理，邏輯推理離不開背景常識。小試牛刀...“Ma'am”theofficerreplied,“youweren'tspeeding,butyoushouldknowthatdriving______thanthespeedlimitcanalsobeadangertootherdrivers.Thesameasaspeeder.”()A.closer B.slower C.farther D.higher...Forshypeople,itcanbe__1__tomakefriends,speakinclass,andevengetagoodjob.Butscientistssayyoucan__2__yourshyness.Theysuggesttrying__3__thingsandpracticingconversation.()1.A.difficult B.safe C.harmful D.surprising()2.A.runinto B.lookfor C.getover D.dependon()3.A.new B.private C.awful D.heavyBACA生活常識完形填空運用挑戰(zhàn)Isatdowntoreadunderanoldtreeinthepark.Ifeltmylifewas__1__formywholeworldwasdark.Ayoungboyranuptome,outof___2___,hestoodrightbeforemewithhisheaddownandsaid___3___,“l(fā)ookwhatIfound!”Inhishandwasflower,andwhatapoorsight!Theflowerwasdryand__4__.Igavehimasmallsmileandthenturnedmyeyesawaysothathecouldtakehisdryflowerandgoofftoplay.()1.A.hopeless B.colourful C.simple D.wonderful()2.A.mind B.trouble C.breath D.work()3.A.sadly B.strictly C.angrily D.excitedly()4.A.dead B.fresh C.alive D.heavyACDA上下文語境邏輯推理解題法生活常識解題法上下文語境邏輯推理解題法生活常識解題法完形填空運用挑戰(zhàn)Diaosiwasn'tagoodterm(術語）.Itwasusedtodescribethosepoorandordinaryyouth___1___stayedathomealldayplayingvideogames,withnohopeforthefuture.Inotherwords,itmeanta__2__.However,asitwentpopularontheInternet,youngpeoplefromdifferentcountriesbegantolikeandattractedit.Andthediaosiaremostbetween30and39yearsold.Thesepeople__3__morethan80percentofthepopulationofthediaosi.()1.A.what B.which C.who D.how()2.A.loser B.winner C.player D.man()3.A.giveup B.lookup C.takeup D.makeupCAC