2020年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題試卷及答案最新編寫

PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty 。Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words。PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）ADirections：Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood，andthere’sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise，whetheratschoolorontheirown，26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic 28，investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved，thebettertheirgradeswereinschool，29 inthebasicsubjectsofmath，Englishandreading.Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S. inrecentyears，someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow，exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimprove tothebrain，fuelingmemory，attentionandcreativity，whichare learning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove andrelievestress，whichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey’rerunningaround，theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.ndBDirections：Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FindingtheRightHome—andContentment，Too[A]Whenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacility—amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear—whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmade[B]Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome，orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners？Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear，oristhatanout-modedstereotype（固定看法）？Candoingone’shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces？Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.[C]Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare，letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.[D]Themostrecentofthesestudies，publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology，surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving，nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes（knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes）.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife，emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction，aswellasaboutthequalityof[E]“Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes，”saidtheleadauthorofthestudy，JulieRobison，anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don’tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan’t？[F]Intheinitialresults，assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities，forinstance，andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.[G]Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables，suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype，theyfound，thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents’responses.“Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein，combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare，theirageandmaritalstatus，”Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.[H]Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth，therefore，mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving（evenifherchildrenpreferredit）thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome，otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace，notthesortofplaceinitself，thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.“Youcan’tjustsay，‘Let’sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroff，”Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters，sheadded，“isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem，andwhattheyfindthere.”[I]Suchfindings，whichruncountertocommonsense，havesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving，forinstance，UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility’stype，sizeorage；whetherachainownedit；howattractivetheneighborhoodwas—hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness，mentaldecline，hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents’physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere.[J]AsIwasconsideringallthis，apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk，announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact，consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities，thelowestrated，thanwiththefive-starones.（Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.）[K]Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing？—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane，ageriatrician（老年病學(xué)專家）attheUniversityofNorthCarolina：“Inaway，thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.”[L]Ofcourse，sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities，talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies，anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon’thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.“Familiescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy，”Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.[M]Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideas，too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant，insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived，thoughthevisithadbeenplanned；nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom，theysataloneatatable.[N]Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere，andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch，thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.36.Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheir37.Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities，involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.38.Itisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.39.Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein.40.Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome.41.ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindinga42.Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.43.Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.44.Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassisted45.Aresident’ssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere.SectionCDirections：Thereare2passagesinthissection.EachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsYoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsArtificialIntelligence（AI）becomesincreasinglysophisticated，therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided，accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell，ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammableRussellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks，it’snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexample，ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse，youwouldn’twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues，”saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample，mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences，butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace，youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines，ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtososufficienttestingandthey’veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌）.Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave，ithastheopportunitytostop，sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟聲），andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren’tquitesureaboutadecision，wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral，andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer，robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots？A）Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogranmers.B）Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.C）Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.D）Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.47.WhatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheA）Theyareaggressive.B）Theyareoutgoing.C）Theyareignorant.D）Theyareill-bred.48.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues？A）Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.B）Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.C）Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.D）Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.49.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation？A）keepadistancefrompossibledangers.B）Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.C）Triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.D）Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.50.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode？A）Determinewhatismoralandethical.B）Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.C）Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.D）Developamoresophisticatedprogram.Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers？Youknowthestandardexplanations：keepingamoderatediet，engaginginregularexercise，etc.ButwhateffectdoesyourAnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleastThestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing，moreactiveandlessneurotic（神經(jīng)質(zhì)的）thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory：thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly，however，othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined，forinstance，werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also，beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife，whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife，youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately，anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother’spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28，000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious，depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe’readults，whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn’tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmental51.TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis____.A）toseewhetherpeople’spersonalityaffectstheirlifespanB）tofindoutifone’slifestylehasanyeffectontheirhealthC）toinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglifeD）toexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevity52.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticpeople？A）Theyhaveagoodunderstandingofevolution.B）Theyarebetteratnegotiatinganagreement.C）Theygenerallyappearmoreresourceful.D）Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.53.Whatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectation？A）Easy-goingpeoplecanalsolivearelativelylonglife.B）Personalitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimes.C）Suchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevity.D）Readinesstoacceptnewideashelpsoneenjoylongevity.54.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow？A）Children’spersonalitycharacteristicsareinvariablydeterminedbytheirmothers.B）Peoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodiesooner.C）Mothers’influenceonchildrenmaylastlongerthanfathers’.D）Mothers’negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren’slifespans.55.Whatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudies？A）Anxietyanddepressionmoreoftenthannotcutshortone’slifespan.B）Longevityresultsfromacombinationofmentalandphysicalhealth.C）Personalityplaysadecisiveroleinhowhealthyoneis.D）Healthisinlargepartrelatedtoone’slifestyle.PartIVTranslation（30minutes）Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET2.功夫（KongFu）是中國(guó)武術(shù)（martialarts）的俗稱.中國(guó)武術(shù)的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)..Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereindifficulty.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.第一段:寫出寫信目的.(表達(dá)感謝),.DearMary,IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelpwhenIwasindifficulty.Youhavebeenverykindandhelpfulsincewekneweachother.Lastweek,Icaughtabadcoldandhadtostayathomeforaweek.WhenIwasworryingaboutthelessons,youcametomyhomeafterschoolandhelpedmewitheverysubject.Withyourhelp,Ididn’tfallbehindothers.Again,thankssomuchforyourenthusiastichelp.EventhoughyouaretoabouttogoabroadforfurthereducationIknowthatIwillalwaysstayintouchwithyou.IwishyoueverysuccessinthefutureandIhopewecanexchangemoreviewpointsonstudy.Pleasekeepintouch,anddropinandvisituswheneveryouareinthispartoftheworld.VerysincerelyterForthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourschoolteachersuponenteringcollege.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan第一段:寫出寫信目的.(表達(dá)感謝),.IamwritingtoyoutoexpressmythanksforyourhelpinlearningEnglish.YouareoneofthebestteacherswhoIhaveevermet.TherearemanygoodpointsthatIlearnfromyou.Duringthesedaysinyourclass,Ihaveacquiredmuchknowledgefromyouanditreallyhelpsmealot.Firstly,youletmeknowwhatthewestthinkingpatternis—straightthinkingpattern.AsanEnglishlearner,itisimportantformetounderstandthedifferencebetweenthem.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthiscanhelpmewithmyexaminationandinteractionwithforeigners.What’smore,I’mgladtobeyourstudent,andIamveryhappytolearnthecourseunderyourguidance.Englishisanimportanttool,throughwhichwecanshareourexperiencewiththeworld.ItreasurethechanceoflearningEnglish,andIenjoythehappinessfromyourThelastnottheleast,pleaseforgivethosemistakesIhavemadewhichmayupsetyou.WhatIhavelearnedfromyouwillhelpmepassthecomingexaminationsandalsobeusefulfor furthereducationinabroad.Itisnotonlyaprogressoflearning,butalsoacultivationofmyMayeverythinggowellaroundyou.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstoyourparentsoranyfamilymembersuponmakingmemorableachievement.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.第一段:寫出寫信目的.(表達(dá)感謝),.Thisletteristotellyoumytruefeelingsfromthebottomofmyheart.Althoughwecankeepinvirtualtoucheveryday,IstillfeelitnotenoughtoletyouknowhowmuchIloveyouandhowmuchI’veappreciatedwhatyou’vedoneforme.Inthepast20years,youhavedonealotforme.Firstly,thankyousomuchforbringingmeup.Iknowhowhardyou'vebeingworkinginthepast.Icanimaginehowmanydifficultiesandobstaclesyou'veconquered.Second,Iwanttothankyouforyourgoodeducationonme.Thereisanoldsayinggoeslikethis“parentsarethefirstteacherstotheirchildren”.Bothofyouarethetypicalones.ThemostimportantthingthatIwanttosay“thankyou”isforyourgreatadmirationonmyownfreedom.YoutoldmetolookoverthehorizonsandtopursuitmyowndreamswithoutIreallyfeelthatmypenfailsmewhenIamwritingthisthankyouletter.TheonlythingIhopeyoucandoformeistotakegoodcareofyourselvesandyouwillbealwaysproudofme..KungFuisthefolknameofChinesemartialarts,whichdatesbacktotheneedofself-defense,hunting,andmilitarydrillinancientChina.ItisoneofChina’straditionalsports,andallpeople,oldandyoung,wouldparticipatein.IthasgraduallyevolvedintoauniqueelementoftheChineseculture.AsanationaltreasureofChina,ithashundredsofstyles.Meanwhile,itisalsothemostpracticedartformintheworld.Somestylesimitatethemovementsofanimals,whileothersareinspiredbyChinesephilosophy,mythandlegend.InWeifang,Shandong,kitesarenotonlyforentertainment.Italsosymbolizesthecultureofthecity.Weifangisknownasthe“capitalofkites”withahistoryofnearly2,400yearsinflyingkites.ItissaidthattheancientChinesephilosopherMotzetookthreeyearstomakethefirstkiterightinWeifang.Itfellandbroke,however,onitsfirstdayofflying.SomealsobelivesthatitwasthecarpenterLuBanthatfistinventedthekite.It’ssaidthathiskitewasmadeofwoodandbambooanditlandedafterthreedays’flyin