非謂語動詞-分詞的用法

復習:分詞有關用法一.分詞可分為:(以do為例)(doing)(done)二.現在分詞與過去分詞區(qū)別：區(qū)別區(qū)別

語態(tài)

時態(tài)現在分詞過去分詞現在分詞()過去分詞()現在分詞

()過去分詞

()主動被動正在進行已經完成

復習練習一：根據漢語意思,用所給動詞的現在分詞或過去分詞填空a

film動人的電影a

mother受感動的媽媽(主動)(被動)a

leaf一片飄落的樹葉a

leaf一片落葉(正在進行)(已經完成)movingmoved1.move2.fallfallingfallen復習練習二:

分詞做表語,定語,賓補用法她現在好累.這工作累人.Sheisvery

.Theworkis

.1.

表語:運用現在分詞或過去分詞完整句子tiredtiring這就是那只嚇人的老虎.這就是受了驚嚇的女孩.（frighten）Thisisthe

tiger.Thisisthe

girl.2.1定語（單個分詞）前置frighteningfrightened2.2定語（分詞短語）后置正在建房那些人是我的朋友.去年建造的那座房子將要拆除.正在建造的那座房子將是個商店.Thepeople

aremyfriends.Thehouse

willbepulleddown.builtlastyearThehouse

willbeastore.

beingbuiltbuildingthehouse*分詞短語作定語可改成()定語從句我看見那玻璃是破的.我看見那男孩在把玻璃砸破.Isawtheglass

.Isawtheboy

.3.賓補brokenbreakingtheglassseewatchlookathearlistentofeelnotice+sb.

+dodoingdonemakelethave動詞catchhavekeepgetleavemakesendsetstart現在分詞過去分詞

catch等幾個特殊動詞接分詞作賓語補足語的情況：(1)I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理發(fā)。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Don’tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完?！咀⒁狻窟^去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系。使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補有兩種情況。

1.過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成。

(1)Hehadhismoneystolen.他的錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了）

2.過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經歷。如：

(2)Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿斷了。（自己的經歷）Grammar:

TheParticiplephraseusedasAdverbial分詞短語作狀語A.現在分詞作狀語學與練

把劃線部分改寫成分詞短語并說明其功能1.Whentheysawtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.Seeingtheirteacher,thestudentsstoodup.*現在分詞動作的發(fā)出者是(

)句子主語*現在分詞短語作()時間狀語

1.

Aftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework,theywenthome.Havingfinishedtheirhomework,they

went

home.*現在分詞短語作()*Havingfinishedtheirhomework表現的動作在wenthome(),故用分詞的().時間狀語之前完成式2.Becausehewasill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.Beingill,hecouldn’tgotoschool.*現在分詞短語作原因狀語3.IfyouworkharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.WorkingharderatEnglish,youwillmakegreaterprogress.*現在分詞短語作條件狀語4.Althoughtheyfeltverytired，theykeptrunning.*Feelingverytired,theykeptrunning.

現在分詞短語作讓步狀語5.Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,andtheylaughedandtalked.(并列句)*Thechildrencameintotheclassroom,laughingandtalking.*現在分詞短語作伴隨或方式狀語*Laughingandtalking,

thechildrencameintotheclassroom.把下列劃線部分改寫成分詞短語,并說明其功能B.過去分詞作狀語學與練1.Whenshewasaskedwhyshedidit,shebegantocry.*Askedwhyshedidit,shebegantocry.*過去分詞短語作時間狀語*從句的動詞用的是被動語態(tài)*過去分詞的動作由主語承受2.Becausehewasmovedbyherwords,hedecidedtohelpthepoorboy.*Movedbyherwords,hedecidedtohelpthepoorboy.*過去分詞短語作原因狀語3.IfIamgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.*Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.*過去分詞短語作條件狀語4.Althoughtheyhadbeendefeated

manytimes，theycontinuedtofight.*Defeated

manytimes,theycontinuedtofight.=Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.*過去分詞短語作讓步狀語*為使狀語含義更加明確，有時在過去分詞前可加上適當連詞*Onceused,thecarwillneverbesoldagain.(once“一旦……”)=Onceitisused,thecarwillneverbesoldagain.*Whenheated,waterturnsintosteam.

=Whenwaterisheated,waterturnsintosteam.5.Theteacherstoodthereandhewas

surrounded(包圍)bymanystudents.*Theteacherstoodtheresurroundedbymanystudents=Surroundedbymanystudents,theteacherstoodthere.*過去分詞短語作伴隨或方式狀語六.分詞短語作狀語須注意的問題:練習:判斷正誤并改正1.Standingatthetopofthehill,wecanseeShiyanTown.(√)*現在分詞所表示的動作由句子的主語發(fā)出=Whenwestandatthetopofthehill,wecanseeShiyanTown.2.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wecanseeShiyanTown.(×)*Seenfromthetopofthehill,ShiyanTowncanbeseenclearly.*過去分詞表示的動作由句子的主語承受=whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,ShiyanTowncanbeseenclearly.3.Moveddeeplybywhathesaid,sohedecidedtohelpthepoorgirl.(×)*去掉so*分詞短語作狀語,不能和連詞連用.Becausehewasmoveddeeplybywhathesaid,sohedecidedtohelpthepoorgirl.(×)4.Whenvisitedatnight,youmustmakesurethevisitorisreallyyourfriend.(√)=Whenyouarevisited,youmustmakesurethevisitorisreallyyourfriend.5.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followingbysixstudents.(×)Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbysixstudents.*過去分詞的動作由主語承受,而現在分詞的動作有主語發(fā)出.6.Althoughlaughedatbyothers,hedidn’tgiveuphishope.(√)=Althoughhewaslaughedat

byothers,hedidn’tgiveuphishope.

注意：過去分詞作狀語

(1)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.因為沉溺于思考之中，所以他沒聽到那個聲音。

值得注意的是，有些過去分詞因來源于系表結構，作狀語時不表被動而表主動。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：

lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（駐扎）；lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressedin（穿著）；tiredof（厭煩）,becaughtin(被困住)。

獨立主格結構：當分詞的邏輯主語與主句不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語被稱為獨立主格結構。多做狀語。Ifweatherpermits,Iwillgoandvisitthezoo.==Weatherpermitting,Iwillgoandvisitthezoo.Whenthemeetingwasover,wealllefttheroom.==Themeetingbeingover,wealllefttheroom.AsitisSunday,Ineedn’tgotoschool.==ItbeingSunday,Ineedn’tgotoschool.1．獨立主格結構的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語

Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.

Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語Good-byesaid,wewenthome.

Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.

Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語

Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.

Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.

（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語

Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.2．with+復合賓語結構（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞

Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.

Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.

（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.

Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.

（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.4）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.

Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞

Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.

Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.（6）with+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞

Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.

Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式

Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.3.由Therebeing+主語這種結構多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經常學習到深夜。分詞的重要句型：generallyspeaking一般說來

franklyspeaking坦誠地說2.judgingfrom從…來判斷3.speakingof說起…,提到。。。

talkingof/about說起…,提到。。。4.supposing…假設。。。5.provided/providingthat…倘若6.with/without+n./pron.+adj./adv./prepphr./doing/todo/done1._____blackandblue,theladycouldn’tmove.A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.TobeatExercises2.____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere____themselves.A.Hunting,hidingB.Tohunt,tohideC.Hunted,hidingD.Hunted,tohide3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_____.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB4.When_______intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.

A.beginsB.havingbegun

C.beginningD.begun6.Mr.Smith,_______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03’北京春)

A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring7.Shewassadbecauseof___anychanceleft.A.therebeingnotB.therenotbeingC.nottherebeingD.therewasnot8.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(上海2002)

A.beingknown

B.havingbeenknown

C.tobeknown

D.known9._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01’全國夏)

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered10.Before____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedto D.using

11.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02’京皖春)

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying12.The

Emperor's

New

Clothes,

is

an

________

text.

All

of

us

are

________

in

it.

A.

exciting;excitingB.

excited;excited

C.

excited;exciting

D.

exciting;excited

13.She

asked

if

there

is

anything___for

tonight.

A.

to

plan

B.

planned

C.

that

plans

D.

planning

14.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followed D.followed;following15.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhen