動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：.用來(lái)表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有fromtimetotime,everyday,often,always,onceaweek,seldom,usually等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。SheisourteacherofEnglish..真理和客觀事實(shí)。Lighttravelsfasterthansound..有計(jì)劃的動(dòng)作，常用come,leave,begin,come,go,leave,start,stop,arrive,return,open,close等動(dòng)詞。Classbeginsateightinthemorning..在條件狀語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如themoment/theminute,when,if,before,assoonas,unlessIfyoudon,tgosoon,you,llbelate.動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，用在由here,there等開(kāi)首的句子中，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生。Theregoesthebell..表示主語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣特征，性格，能力等。Hestudiesveryhard..一般的說(shuō)明文字等。Thebooksaysthatwomencanlivelongerthanmen.一般過(guò)去時(shí).表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和明確的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。比如yesterday,yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening,lastweek/month/year,in1990,twoyearsago,atthattime;once等Shewentoutjustnow.Isawhimyesterday..表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Lastmonthsheworkedelevenhourseveryday.Heusedtogetupearly..在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Hepromisedtobuymeacomputerifhegotaraise3)一般將來(lái)時(shí).表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。比如tomorrow,tomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening,nextweek/month/year等Ishallnotbefreetonight..表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Wewillgoforanoutingeveryotherweek.e,go,start,move,sail,leave,travel等動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事。IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.1/11動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題.“祈使句+and/or+句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway..在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，永一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事。如：Ifyougototheparty,you'llhaveagreattime..除了will+動(dòng)詞原形（注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱I或we時(shí)，可用助動(dòng)詞shall。）表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作的其他形式begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形用于主觀意圖，打算，目的；I,mgoingtowritehimaletter.用于對(duì)客觀事物的判斷（多用于自然現(xiàn)象）；It'sgoingtorainthisafternoon.用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表將來(lái)；Ifyou'regoingtoseethefilm,you'dbettercomeearly.beto+動(dòng)詞原形計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事，命令或禁止，預(yù)測(cè)或注定；Thesportsmeetingistotakeplacesoon.beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形馬上或立即要發(fā)生的事，一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但beaboutto.?…when是固定搭配，“剛一…就….”4）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).表示在過(guò)去將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。Ididn'texpectthatsomanypeoplewouldoffertheirhelp..也可用was/wereto+動(dòng)詞原形或was/wereaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形或was/weregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.5）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Whatareyoudoingnow?.表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Sheisleavingtomorrow..表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.Moreandmorepeoplearegivingupsmoking..表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常表示不滿，抱怨，贊賞等.Sheisalwaysfindingfaultwithothers.注意：表示感覺(jué)、愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞，如hope,smell,hear,see,like等和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（die,arrive,close,become,come,fall,leave,go,lose,give,jump,join,buy,borrow,start,begin等）一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：ButIdon'tlikephysics.It'stoodifficult.6）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.經(jīng)常需要表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).Thistimeyesterday,theywerehavinglunch..過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)配合，互為時(shí)間背景.2/11動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題Iwaswritingaletterwhenhecame.Thetelephonerangwhileshewaswashing..過(guò)去反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常同always,frequently,continually等連用.Theywerefrequentlygoingthere.7）將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí).表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常表示安排好的事.Theywillbediscussingtheproblemthistimenextweek..表示預(yù)料不久要發(fā)生或勢(shì)必要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Thetrainwillnotbeleavinguntiloneo'clock.8）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).表示動(dòng)作剛剛完成.Ihavefinishedthatwork..表示過(guò)去做的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響.Whohasopenedthedoor?.表示過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且可能會(huì)延續(xù)下去.Hehasworkedinthecompanysincehecametothecity..表示"第幾次做某事，”或在“Itisthebest（worst,mostinteresting）+名詞+that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for+時(shí)間段；since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)；lately;recently,just,already,yet,uptonow;tillnow;sofar,thesedays,inthepastfewyears；overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies注意：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾，要把動(dòng)詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作適當(dāng)調(diào)整，句子才能合理。句子才能合理。不可以說(shuō)：Theoldmanwasdiedforthreeyears.但可以說(shuō)：Theoldmandiedthreeyearsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadforthreeyears.Itisthreeyearssincetheoldmandied.9）過(guò)去完成時(shí).表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作.（by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；uptill+過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，before+去過(guò)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)）Bytheendof2002,thefactoryhadproduces200000cars..表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間的動(dòng)作.Theoldmanhadbeenillforalongtimebeforehediedin2002..動(dòng)詞think,want,hope,mean,paln用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示去過(guò)未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算，意圖。注：當(dāng)含有由before,after,assoonas等引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句中，側(cè)重表示動(dòng)作的一先一后，主句和從句一般都用一般過(guò)去時(shí).Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheroom..過(guò)去完成時(shí)常用于nosooner+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+than和hardly/scarcely|+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+when；Itwasthefirsttimethat+過(guò)去完成時(shí)等句型，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí).3/11動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題Hehadhardlygotonthetrainwhenthetrainstartedout.10）將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一行為發(fā)生之前所完成的動(dòng)作或這一動(dòng)作仍在持續(xù)?常和by+將來(lái)時(shí)間；等連用.Bytheendofthisterm,weshallhavelearned18lessons.11）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)動(dòng)作.IthasbeensnowingsincelastSunday..重復(fù)的動(dòng)作表示感情色彩.She'sbeensayingthattwentytimes..已結(jié)束的動(dòng)作所產(chǎn)生的影響.Youhavebeencleaningtheclassroom,Ithink.12）過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)以前一直進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作這一動(dòng)作可能在這一時(shí)間前剛結(jié)束或仍在進(jìn)行Nooneknewwhatthisdadegghadbeendoingallthisyears.Exercise-wheretherecorder?Ican,tseeitanywhere.-Iitrighthere,butnowit,sgone.A.didyouput;haveput B.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;haveput D.wereyouputting;haveput-Whenagain?-Whenhe,I,llletyouknow.A.hecomes;come B.willhecome;willcomeC.haven,tknown;are D.willhecome;comesTheyaskedmetohaveadrinkwiththem.IsaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceIagooddrink.A.hadenjoyed B.wasenjoyingC.enjoyed D.hadbeenenjoying-Comein,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.-Oh,howniceofyou!Iyoutobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoing B.neverthought;weregoingC.didn,tthink;weregoing D.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolenThepolicefoundthatthehouseandalotofthings.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolen B.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolen D.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen-Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.-Yes,taxiatallnecessary.A.wasn'tB.hadn'tbeenC.servesD.servedIfcitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardevenatthe4/11

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題dinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhaveto B.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhaveto D.wasslipping;lookedThelasttimeIJaneshecottoninthefields.A.hadseen;waspicking B.saw;pickedC.hadseen;picked D.saw;waspickingInsomepartsoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.A.isserving B.isservedC.serves D.servedThepenIIisonmydesk,rightundermynose.A.think;lost B.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlost D.hadtheyknown;got-Yourphonenumberagain?Iquitecatchit.-It5s9568442.A.didn,tB.couldn,t C.don,tD.can'tHelenherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandhome.A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;came D.hadleft;wouldcomeNobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto.A.beputupB.givein C.beturnedonD.gooutTheythetrainuntilitdisappearedindistance.A.saw B.watched C.noticed D.observedSorry,Joe.Ididn,tmeanto…Don,tcallme“Joe”.I,mMr.Parkertoyou,andyouforgetit!16.Newsreportssayagreementreached.A.havebrokendown16.Newsreportssayagreementreached.A.havebrokendownC.havebrokeninwithnopeacetalksbetweenthetwocountrieswithnoB.havebrokenoutD.havebrokenupKEY:6-10:AADBB11-16:ADDBDA1?5:BDABD6-10:AADBB11-16:ADDBDAMultiplechoices:IwonderwhyJennyusrecently.Weshouldhavehearsfromherbynow.A.hasn'twritten B.doesn'twriteC.won,twrite D.hadn,twrittenMaryadresswhenshecutherfinger.A.made B.ismakingC.wasmaking D.makesOnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwenttothemarket,somebananasanfvisitedhercousin.A.bought B.buyingC.tobuy D.buy5/11動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit.A.willrain B.rainsC.rained D.israiningWehaven,theardofJaneforalongatime. Whatdoyousupposetoher?A.washappening B.tohappenC.hashappened D.havinghappenedDoyouknowourtownatall?No,it,sthefirsttimeIhere.A.was B.havebeenC.came D.amcomingYouhaven,tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,doyoulikeit?I,msorry,Ianythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit,sprettyonyou.A.wasn'tsaying B.don'tsayC.won,tsay D.didn,tsayWewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthatheofficersoon.A.leave B.wouldleaveC.left D.hadleftIpingpongquitewell,butIhaven,thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplay B.haveplayedC.played D.playHewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearbythetimehefromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduate B.willhavegraduatedC.graduates D.istograduateTombackfromFrance.Yesterdayheaboutit.A.justcomes;told B.hasjustcome;toldmeC.camejust;wastoldme D.justhascome;wastellingHesaid,“muchsandinthesouthofFrance.”A.Therearen,t B.Itisn'tC.Itwasn,t D.Thereisn'tYoushallhavesomeice-creamwhenyouyoudinner.A.finished B.finishC.willfinish D.willbefinishedThomascouldfixyourcar.Thatyouquitealotofmoney.A.saved B.hassavedC.wouldsave D.wassaving“Comebackat5o,clock,''hesaid,'Tvealready.”A.willbedone B.hasbeendoneC.isbeingdone D.wasbeingdoneMariahasn,tvisitedherhomeinSpain.A.formanyyears B.sincemanyyearsC.manyyearssince D.manyyearsagoWhenthecar,you,llagreewithmeaboutit.6/11動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題A.yousaw B.you,veseenC.youwouldsee D.hasbeenseenBynextSaturdayTomawholemonthwithoutsmokingacigar.A.willgo B.willhavegoneC.hasgone D.hasbeengoingBythetimehereachedthedentist,thepaininhistooth.A.stopped B.hadstoppedC.Hasstopped D.asbeenstoppedTheoldmanforthreedayswhenhissongotbackhome.A.hasbeendead B.hadbeendeadC.diedD.haddiedC.diedKEY:6-10:BDBDC11?15:BDBCA16-10:BDBDC11?15:BDBCA被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示"據(jù)說(shuō)"或"相信"的詞組，基本上由believe,consider,declare,expect,feel,report,say,see,suppose,think,understand等組成。例如：Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō)Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itisbelievedthat…大家相信Itishopedthat…大家希望Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知Itisthoughtthat…大家認(rèn)為Itissuggestedthat…據(jù)建議Itistakengrantedthat…被視為當(dāng)然Ithasbeendecidedthat…大家決定Itmustberememberthat…務(wù)必記住的是.不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況1）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這樣的及物動(dòng)詞有have,become,cost,reach,sell,arrive,fit,lack,contain,hold,own,suit等。如：Wehaveagoodteacher,我們有一位好老師。Myshoesdon'tfitme.我的鞋不合腳。Jackalwayslacksconfidence.杰克總是缺乏信心。Theclassroomholds80students.這間教室容納80個(gè)學(xué)生。2）及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞、相互代詞、同源賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，都沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：TheboytaughthimselfEnglish.這男孩自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。7/11動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題Wehelpeachother,我們互相幫助。Theyliveahappylife.他們過(guò)著一個(gè)幸福的生活。Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.昨天晚上她做了一個(gè)噩夢(mèng)。3）有些及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這樣的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)有marry,wish,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。如：Theaccidenthappenedlastnight.事故發(fā)生在昨天晚上。Iagreewithyou.我同意你的意見(jiàn)。4）當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是連系動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn,die,disappear,end（vi.結(jié)束），fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace等。如：Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.大火后，我房子里所剩無(wú)幾。Afewminuteslater,themanappeared.幾分鐘后，那個(gè)人出現(xiàn)了。,主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義1）wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等。例如：Thebooksellswell,這本書銷路好。Thisknifecutseasily,這刀子很好用。2）blame,let（出租）,remain,keep,rent,build等。例如：Iwastoblamefortheaccident.事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責(zé)。Muchworkremains,還有許多活要干。3）在need,require,want,worth（形容詞）,deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。例如：Thedoorneedsrepairing.=Thedoorneedstoberepaired.門該修了。Thisbookisworthreading,這本書值得一讀。形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義，但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.（=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.）4）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：makesb.heard/understood（使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/理解自己）等。例如：Explainitclearlyandmakeyourselfunderstood.解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。,被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義，如bedetermined,bepleased,beoccupied（in）,getmarried等。例如：Heisdeterminedtoworkhard,他決定努力工作。8/11動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marrysb,或getmarriedtosb,均可。例如：Hemarriedarichgirl,他與一個(gè)富妞結(jié)婚了。Hegotmarriedtoarichgirl.其實(shí)我們不妨把下面這樣一些被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)作固定詞組來(lái)記：bearmedwith（掌握了），beattachedto（依戀上），beburdenedwith（擔(dān)負(fù)著）,beburiedin（致力于，專心于），beconcernedwith/about（關(guān)心），beconvincedof（相信），bedressedin（穿著），beequippedwith（配備了），belocated（位于），belostin（陷入，迷路），beoccupiedin/with（忙于），beseated（就座），becrowdedwith（擠滿了），becoveredwith（覆蓋著），befilledwith（充滿了）等等。,"be+過(guò)去分詞”并非都是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，系動(dòng)詞be,feel,seem,look,等詞后面的過(guò)去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)用，表示某種狀態(tài)。例如：I'minterestedinmathematics.我對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)感興趣。Heseemsunsatisfiedwithhiswork.他看起來(lái)對(duì)他的工作不滿意。動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語(yǔ)，不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.（todo與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。）試比較：I,llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealetter此tiU用posted?（定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)表明you不是post動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。）在某些“形容詞+不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardevenatdinner.arenotkept；willhavetoarenotkept；havedonotkeep；willhavetodonotkeep；havetoThefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,areandperfectednow.developedhavedevelopedarebeingdevelopedwillhavebeendevelopedthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.ItoldIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection.9/11動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)詳解和練習(xí)題A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompletedRainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencutThenewsuspensionbridgebytheendoflastmonth.hasbeendesignedhadbeendesignedwasdesignedwouldbedesignedWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.