動(dòng)詞不定式用法及練習(xí)題-L

動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)動(dòng)詞不定式用法小結(jié)動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，稱為小品詞，動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動(dòng)詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。一.作主語例如：Tobeadoctorishard.做醫(yī)生很難。TolearnEnglishwellisnot?@$丫.學(xué)好英語不容易。動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作主語時(shí)，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“正”作形式主語，而把真正的主語一一動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：Itishardtobeadoctor.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.再如：It'simportanttoplanttreesinspring.如果動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作是誰做的，可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前面加一個(gè)由介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：It'sgoodforustoreadEnglishaloudinthemorning.對(duì)我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語是很有益的。ItisimportantforstudentstouseEnglisheveryday.對(duì)學(xué)生來說每天使用英語是很重要的。二.作表語：動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞be的后面。例：Hisworkistodriveacar.他的工作是開車。Myjobistofeedanimals.我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。Herambitionistobeadoctor.她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。三.作賓語動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動(dòng)詞后面用作賓語，能以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：begin,start,want,forget,remember,show,learn,like,hate,love,ask等。例：Iwanttotellyouastory.我想給你講個(gè)故事。Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.他們每天早晨8點(diǎn)開始工作。Don’tforgettolockthedoor.別忘了鎖門。Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?明天和我們一■起去野餐好嗎？*如果and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式一般省“2”例：（1）Hewantstogoandhaveaswimwithus.他想和我們一■起去游泳。（2）若作賓語的動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）很長，可用it作形式賓語。IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglishwithyou.我覺得和你一■起學(xué)英語很有趣。Hefoundithardtocatchupwithothers.他覺得趕上別人很困難。四.作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.老師讓我們?cè)绯孔x半小時(shí)英語。TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.老師常告訴Jim不要花太多時(shí)間玩電腦游戲。Pleaseletmehelpyou.讓我來幫助你。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語所做的動(dòng)作，可以用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官聽覺動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式一般要省略動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)'。"，可以歸納為以下三種句式：1.不可以省to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/teachsb.todosth.例：Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.Iwantyoutogonow.我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。Herparentswishhertobeateacher.她父母親希望她當(dāng)老師?！皌o”的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：let/make/havesb.dosth.Lettheboygooutnow.讓那個(gè)男孩出去。Theboymadethebabycry.男孩弄哭了這個(gè)小孩。see/watch/hear/notice/feelsb.dosth.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.昨天我看見學(xué)生們?cè)诓賵龃蚧@球。Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.我經(jīng)常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。3.可省可不省的：helpsb.（to）dosth.Ioftenhelpmymother（to）dohousework.我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。*動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.例：（1）Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。（2）省to的動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞前面加not.例：Lettheboynotgo.讓那個(gè)男孩別走。（3）如果將主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語，動(dòng)詞不定式則不省'。"，即原來省的再加上，例：Theboymadethebabycry.Thebabywasmadetocrybytheboy.那個(gè)孩子被男孩弄哭了。五.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。Whowasthefirstoneto@也丫??誰第一'個(gè)到的？Shehasnopapertowriteon?她沒有紙寫字？ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.學(xué)英語最好的方法是使用它。Whenisthebesttimetoplantvegetables?什么時(shí)候是種植蔬菜的最好時(shí)間？Doyouhavesomethingtodrink?你這有喝的嗎？*動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后應(yīng)加上一個(gè)含義上所需要的介詞。例：Ihavenochairtositon.我沒有椅子坐。Hehasnohousetolivein.他沒有房子住。六.不定式和疑問詞連用，可以作句子的主語、賓語、表語等。例：Theproblemiswheretogetacomputer.（表語）Nooneknowshowtodo正.沒有人知道如何做這件事。（賓）Ireallydon’tknowwhichonetochoose.（賓）我真的不知道選哪一1個(gè)。*不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語時(shí)有時(shí)可以改為賓語從句。例：Idon’tknowwhattodonext.我不知下一■步該做什么？Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.課堂練習(xí)題一.選擇填空：Heaskedmehereearlier.A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.camePleasetellhimonthewall.A.don’tdrawB.tonotdrawC.nottodraw D.notdrawHewantedacupoftea.A.tohave B.havingC.haveD.hadI’dlikeawordwithyou.A.hadB.havingC.tohave D.haveIcameheremyuncle.A.sawB.toseeC.seeingD.tobeseenThemanrefused（拒絕）backhiswords.A.totake B.taking C.took D.takesIcanletyouoneticket.A.tohave B.have C.having D.hadWeoftenheardhiminhisroom.A.tosing B.singsC.sangD.singHewasmadedayandnight.A.workB.workingC.towork D.workedHestoppedalook,butsawnothing.A.havingB.tohave C.haveD.hadMyfatherwastooangryaword.D.didntsayA.tosayB.nottosayC.tosayingD.didntsayMybrotherwasoldenoughtoschool.A.wentB.goesC.goingD.togoItistimehimsupper.A.of,tohave B.for,tohave C.of,having D.for,tohasIt’sverykindyoume.A.of,tohelp B.for,tohelp C.of,help D.of,helpingIt’simportantourclassroomcleaneveryday.A.keptB.tokeep C.togive D.keepBeforeliberation（解放）theyhadnochancetoschool.A.wentB.go C.togoD.tobegoneHesaidhehadanimportantmeeting,A.attendB.wouldattend C.attendingD.toattendPleasegivemeapieceofpaper.A.towrite B.towriteonC.writing D.towriteitIdon’tknow.A.whatdoB.whatwilldo C.whattodoD.dowhatYourradioneeds,A.toberepairedB.torepairC.repaired D.torepairingMywishisateacher.D.becameA.becomingB.tobecomeC.becomeD.becameIwanthimaletternow.A.towriteB.notwriteC.writeD.wroteIttookusthreedaysthetrees.A.plantB.planted C.toplantD.plantsWhynothereme?A.tocome,toseeB.come,tosee C.came,seeingD.come,seeHewishesmemybesthardatEnglish.A.todo,toworkB.doing,workingC.todo,workingD.do,workPleasetellmeher.Ihavesomethingher.A.wheretofind,telling B.wheretofind,totellC.wherecanfind,totell D.wherefinding,tellingHowhappytheyareeachotheragain!A.toseeB.see C.sawD.beingseenTheydecided（決心）alettertheirthanks.A.towrite,expressing（表達(dá)）B.writing,expressC.write,expressed D.towrite,toexpressTheofficerordered（命令）himdownarest.A.lying,haveB.tolie,tohaveC.tolie,havingD.lie,hadTheheadmastercalledon（號(hào)召）ushardforourcountry.A.towork B.worked C.workD.toworking二.根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tsayanything.Hewastooangryanything.Idontknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.Idon’tknowwhenthemeeting.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.（石頭）Hewasstrongthestone.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.Theygotupearly thereintime.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.HehopestheGreatWall.0.Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseenintotheroom..Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.Hewasmadefivehoursaday..Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?.Wedon'tknowwhatweshalldonext.Wedon'tknowwhatnext.mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.I'mverysorrythebadnews.15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme.一、接動(dòng)得不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)(hope,wish,want,agree,promise),兩個(gè)要求莫拒接(demand,ask,refuse),設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定(manage,learn,decide),不要假裝在選擇(pretend,choose).(不要)做某事.wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事.trytodosth.試圖做某事trydoingsth嘗試做某事.helpsb.(to)dosth.幫某人做某事.bebusywithsth.忙于某事=bebusydoingsth..hopetodosth./hope(that)…希望 ..sendsthtosb=sendsbsth 發(fā)給某人某物.findsb.doingsth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事.rremembertodosth.記得要去做某事T「rememberdoingsth.記得曾經(jīng)做過某事.forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事[forgetdoingsth.忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事.plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事.sb.pay(s)moneyforsth.某人在某物上花費(fèi)金錢.sth.cost(s)sb.somemoney某人在某物上花費(fèi)金錢.liketodo/doingsth.喜歡做某事18.love/likedoingsth喜歡做某事asksbtodosth要求某人做某事decidetodosth.決定做某事wouldliketodosth想要做某事「enjoytodosth_enjoydoingsth享受做某事二、接動(dòng)詞原形或者現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)詞practicedoingsth練習(xí)做某事makesbdosth使得某人做某事letsbdosth讓某人做某事dislikedoingsth不喜歡做某事hatedoing/todosth討厭做某事keepdoingsth保持一直做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事spend(time)doingsth花時(shí)間做某事minddoingsth介意做某事needtodosth需要做某事lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事14.動(dòng)詞不定式練習(xí)：一.根據(jù)上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。Hewassoangrythathecouldn,tsayanything.Hewastooangryanything.Idon,tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.Idon,tknowwhenthemeeting.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.Hewasstrongthestone.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.Theygotupearly thereintime.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.HehopestheGreatWall.10.Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseenintotheroom..Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.Hewasmadefivehoursaday..Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?.Wedon,tknowwhatweshalldonext.Wedon,tknowwhatnext.I,mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.I,mverysorrythebadnews.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme.IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.IhelpedhimEnglish..Myfatherpromised（許諾）thathewouldbuymeabike.Myfatherpromisedmeabike..TheboxissoheavythatIcan,tcarryit.Theboxistooheavyme..“Liedown!”theboysaidtohisdog.Theboyorderedhisdogdown..“Don'tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmeanynoise.二.單選：Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.producedThepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomakeHelenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardIdon,tknowwhetheryouhappen,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheardThenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldYouweresillynotyourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.don,tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedI’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thanaroomwithsomeoneelse.A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharingThebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbedAnumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedinafire.A.beingdestroyed B.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyed D.tohavebeendestroyedThemeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplace B.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplace D.beingtakenplaceAsaresultofmylaziness,Ifailedmyworkintime.A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinishedIamsorrywrittenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothavingWillyoulendhimamagazine?A.tobereadB.forreadingC.toreadD.hereadHecoulddonothingbutforthebus.A.wait,tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;came17.Itisaproblemthatdoesn'tneedrightnow.A.tosolveB.solvingC.beingsolvedD.tobesolvingThere,samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeIrememberhimthebikeneeded.A.hearing,saying,torepair B.tohear,say,torepairC.hearing,say,repairing D.tohear,saying,toberepaired---Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.---Imeant,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingsoRobertissaidtoabroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingI'mgongtoXi'annextweek.Haveyouanythingtoyourparents?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuywhenaretheyintheirplan?A.handB.handedC.tohandD.giveInsuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurvivedD.willsurviveWhenwehurriedtothestation,therehappenednobusatthattime.

A.tohaveB.tobeC.havingD.beingA.tohaveB.tobeC.havingD.beingIlostmywayincompletedarknessand,mattersworse,itbegantorain.A.made B.havingmadeC.makingD.tomakeAttimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,thoughsheisalwaystoobusyagoodrest.A.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totakeD.one,taking--Areyouastudent?--No,butIused.A.tobeB.towas C.todoD.tobeaIstoppedtolisten,andmysonseemedhimselfinthelivingroom.A.toenjoy,toshut B.tobeenjoying,shuttingC.tobeenjoying,shut D.tohaveenjoyed,havingshutWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledWe’releavingatsixo,clock,andhopemostofthejourneybylunchtime.A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tomakeD.tohavemadeThestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasier.A.understoodB.tobeunderstoodC.tounderstandD.understandWhowillyougettheprojectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designingItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknow.A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithitWearenotallowedoutdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplayingAllenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchShefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearoleinmakingtheearthabetterplacetolivein.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplayingWhenIhandedthereporttoJohn, hesaidthatGeorge wastheperson.A.tosendB.forsending it C.tosenditto D.forsendingit toDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetold C. tobetelling D.tohavebeen toldTherearefivepairs,but I’matalosswhichto buy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingTheproblemisdifficultforus.A.so;workout B.verytoo;tobeworkedoutC.rathertoo,toworkout D.quitetoo,toworkitout---WhereshouldImyapplication?---Thepersonnelofficeistheplace.A.send;tosendit B.sendfor;tosendittoC.sendfor;forsendingit D.send;tosendittoI,veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.expectsD.tobeexpectingIfeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblameCanyouimaginethequestionsIhadourteacher?A.askedB.toaskC.askingD.askWhodidyouthewallyesterday?A.havepaintedB.havepaintC.havetopaintD.havepainting---What,sthematterwithJohn?---Hedidn,tpassthetestbuthestill.A.hopessoB.hopestoC.hopeitD.hopethatMuchattentionshouldbepaidpeople'slivingconditions.A.inimprovingB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimprovingthateveningwasduetohisillhealth.A.HefailedtocomeB.ThathefailedtocomingC.HisfailuretocomeD.HisfailureincomingIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneMyfamilyconsidersacomputer,whichisconsideredagreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobeB.buying;beingC.tobuy;beingD.buying;tobeWiththeplaneintenminutes,allthepassengersonboardwereaskedtoturnofftheirmobilephones.A.takenoffB.takingoffC.totakeoffD.wouldtakeoffThankyouforallthetroubleyou,vetakenme.A.tohelpB.withtohelpC.inhelpingD.ofhelpingHeisbelievedthecollegeexam,forheisnowstudyingveryhardnow.A.topassB.tohavepassedC.pass D.thathecanpass---Willyouhaveanybodytheflowers?——Yes,I’llhavetheflowers.A.plant,planted B.toplant,plantedC.plant;tobeplanted D.toplant,plantTheyarelookingforwardwithhopefromyousoon.A.tohearingB.ofhearingC.hearingD.tohearBusytranslatingabook,hecouldn,thelpthearticle.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.writtenZhouLandoesn,thavetobemade.Shealwaysstudiesveryhard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learnedthiscake,you,llneed2eggs,175gsugar,and175gflour.A.Havingmade,B,MakeC.TomakeD.MakingIfeelitanhonourtospeakhere.A.tobeaskedB.toaskC.havingaskedD.askedHeaskedmehereearlier.A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.camePleasetellhimonthewall.A.don,tdraw B.tonotdrawC.nottodrawD.notdrawHewantedacupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.hadI,dlikeawordwithyou.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.haveIcameheremyuncle.A.sawB.toseeC.seeingD.tobeseenThemanrefused（拒絕）backhiswords.A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.takesIcanletyouoneticket.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.hadWeoftenheardhiminhisroom.A.tosing B.sings C.sang D.singHewasmadedayandnight.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.workedHestoppedalook,butsawnothing.

A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.hadA.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.hadMyfatherwastooangryaword.A.tosayB.nottosayC.tosaying D.didn,tsayMybrotherwasoldenoughtoschool.A.wentB.goesC.goingD.togoItistimehimsupper.A.of,tohave B.for,tohaveC.of,havingD.for,tohasIt,sverykindyoume.A.of,tohelpB.for,tohelpC.of,helpD.of,helpingIt,simportantourclassroomcleaneveryday.A.keptB.tokeepC.togiveD.keepBeforeliberation（解放）theyhadnochancetoschool.A.wentB.goC.togoD.tobegoneHesaidhehadanimportantmeeting.A.atte