【課件】Unit+3+、Discovering+Useful+Structures課件人教版（2019）必修第二冊

Unit3TheInternetDiscoveringUsefulStructures現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)TheInternetisbecomingthetownsquarefortheglobalvillageoftomorrow.--BillGatespresent(now)futurepast①不明確的過去時間開始的情況一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在②不明確的過去時間的行為在現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果ThePresentPerfectTenseWehavestudiedinseniorhighschoolformorethanhalfayear.時間狀語just;already;ever;never;yet;sofar;bynow不明確的時間一段時間for3days;since3daysago包括說話時間的時間thismorning,thisweek,thismonth,thisyearTalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendone現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.1Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jane'slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasimprovedJane'slife.ReadandcompareThefirstoneispassiveform,whilethesecondoneisactive.hasbeenv-edhasv-edMuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.ReadandcompareThefirstoneispassiveform,whilethesecondoneisactive.1Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.hasbeenv-edhasv-edThestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleaned.Youneedn’tcleanitnow.現(xiàn)在完成時activepassive表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的被動性的動作或結(jié)果，主語是動作的承受者?，F(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)have/hasbeendone現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)bedonehave/hasbeenHowdoweformthepresentperfectpassivevoice?現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)肯定式：主語+

have/has+

been

+

done(V-過去分詞)否定式：主語+

have/has+

not

+

been

+

done...

一般疑問句：Have/Has

+主語+

been

+

done...？特殊疑問句：疑問詞+

have/has

+主語+

been

+

done...？現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定形式：Hishomeworkhasbeenfinished.否定形式：Hishomeworkhasnotbeenfinished.一般疑問句:Hashishomeworkbeenfinishedyet?特殊疑問句：Howlonghashishomeworkbeenfinished?主語+have/hasbeendone...主語+have/hasnotbeendone...have/has+主語+beendone...?疑問詞+have/has+主語+beendone...?結(jié)構(gòu)形式現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)用法1.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)同它的主動語態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，主語和謂語之間為被動關(guān)系，通常與already,yet,just,never,recently等副詞連用。例：Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.2.表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用，或用于“Howlong...?”句型中。例：Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?3.

用在時間或條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時已完成的動作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。例：Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)自從2019年以來，新冠病毒一直困擾著人們的生活。TheCoronavirushasdisturbedpeople'slivessince2019.這臺電視已經(jīng)修理三個小時了。Thismachinehasbeenrepairedforthreehours.過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能還要繼續(xù)下去未完成用法他已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.這臺機(jī)器已經(jīng)被修理了，所以你可以帶回去了。Thismachinehasbeenrepaired，soyoucantakeitaway.過去發(fā)生的動作在現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果——對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響完成用法常用“for+時間段”、“since+時間點(diǎn)”、“inthelast/over+時間段”、alltheseyears等狀語注意1.

現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)及一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別Themachinehasbeenrepaired.（說明動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在有影響，“現(xiàn)在修好了”）Themachineisbeingrepairednow.（說明動作正在進(jìn)行）Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.（只說明動作發(fā)生在過去）2.非延續(xù)性動詞，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,

marry,

open,

join等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，則要改換動詞或時態(tài)。例：工程已開始三個月了。

Theprojecthasbeenstartedforthreemonths.（F）

Theprojecthasbeenonforthreemonths.（T）現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)提示常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語有：already

已經(jīng)

yet

已經(jīng)recently/lately

最近

sincethen

從那時起eversince

自那以來

ever

曾經(jīng)sofar

迄今為止

bynow

到現(xiàn)在為止foralongtime

很長一段時間inrecentyears

在最近幾年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears

在過去的幾年里現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)1A:Whycan'tIaccessmyaccount?B:____yourpersonalinformation____________(update)?2Bothlearningsites_______________(visit)byover10,000peoplesincelastyear.3Thiskeyboard_______________(notuse)foralongtime.4Canyoutellmewhat____________(do)tobridgethedigitaldivide?5InthepastyearI_______________(inspire)tobuye-booksinsteadofpaperbooks.6A:WherecanIreadthosecomments?B:Online.They_______________(post)already.7Itseemsthatmorehealthproblems_______________(cause)bymobilephones.8Thatapp______________(delete)frommysmartphonealready.Hasbeenupdatedhavebeenvisitedhasnotbeenusedhasbeendonehavebeeninspired1Completethesentenceswiththepresentperfectpassivevoiceofthegivenverbs.WORKBOOKP.74havebeenpostedhavebeencausedhasbeendeleted2Findandcorrectthemistakeineachsentence.EXAMPLEThisapp∧wasusedseveraltimessinceIdownloadedit.hasbeen1Howmuchmoneyhasspentontheearthquakerecovery?2Thegirlisreallyupsetbecausehernewbicyclehasstolen.3Theseoldhouseshavebeenbuiltinthe18thcentury.4It'sapitythattheletterhasneversenttohisfather.5Littlehadbeenseenofthemsincetheymovedintothehousedownthestreet.∧been∧beenwerebuilt(有表明確的過去時間的狀語)∧beenhas(含有since引導(dǎo)的狀語)P.74總結(jié)1.現(xiàn)在完成時的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)只帶有一個賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。

例：Tomhassoldoutallthemagazines.→AllthemagazineshavebeensoldoutbyTom.帶有雙賓語的動詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，一般將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語時，間接賓語前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞。Wehavegivenhimthebook.→Hehasbeengiventhebook.→Thebookhasbeengiventohim.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)總結(jié)帶有復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語。例：AfterdecoratingtheAmberRoomwithjewels,theartistshavemadeitmoresplendid.→Afterbeingdecoratedwithjewels,theAmberRoomhasbeenmademoresplendid.注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，若賓語補(bǔ)足語為省略to的不定式充當(dāng)時，在被動語態(tài)中需將省掉的to加上。例：Thebosshasmadehiscompanyoffermorechancesforpeopletowork.→Hiscompanyhasbeenmadetooffermorechancesforpeopletowork.動詞短語是一個不可分割的整體，在被動語態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。例：It’ssaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的解題步驟主語與動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。說話時已完成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。1.圈主：動詞的邏輯賓語用作句子的主語；2.找時：找與現(xiàn)在完成相對應(yīng)的時間狀語；3.定謂：確定謂語動詞形式。1.用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)改寫、翻譯句子①Jack’sbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowork.Jack___________________________byhisbossforhisdevotiontowork.②Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage.Agoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage___________________.③Wehaven’tyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem.Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem___________________yet.④當(dāng)我的家庭作業(yè)完成時我就回家。

Iwillgohomewhenmyhomework_________________.⑤紙幣已被使用了1000多年了。

Papermoney_________________foroveronethousandyears．hasalwaysbeenpraisedhasn’tbeendecidedhasbeenfound鞏固強(qiáng)化hasbeenfinishedhasbeenused2.將下面句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)①Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou．→________________________________________________________②Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelast5years．→________________________________________________________③Hehassentmeane-mail．→________________________________________________________→________________________________________________________Shehasbeenaskedbymetohelpyou.Manytreeshavebeenplantedonthehillbyusinthelast5years.Ihavebeensentane-mailbyhim.Ane-mailhasbeensenttomebyhim.鞏固強(qiáng)化5Thinkaboutwhatyouhavedonethisweek.Writeasmanythingsasyoucan.Thensharewithapartner.EXAMPLESWhathasbeenfinishedWhathasnotbeenfinishedMyroomhasbeencleaned.Theflowersinmyroomhavebeenwatered.Mylearningdiaryhasnotbeenwritten.Theplanforthisweekendhasnotbeenmade.Thedoghasbeenwalked.Thewashinghasbeendone.Thegiftformyaunthasbeenbought.Myhomeworkhasn'tbeenfinished.Thebirthday