高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題解題技巧

高考英語(yǔ)閱理解題解題巧對(duì)閱讀理解能力的測(cè)試是高考英考試中必不可少的測(cè)試項(xiàng)目考學(xué)生對(duì)于不同體裁或不同題材語(yǔ)言材料的理解能力及通過(guò)材料的閱讀對(duì)材料中信息的捕獲能力英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題的難度在不斷增大生們也大多知難而進(jìn)下面北新東方中小學(xué)一對(duì)一賀楠老師與大家分享解題技巧。一四一閱高考閱讀不同文體按照題型分類主要分為五大類：細(xì)節(jié)題、推理題大題、詞義句意猜測(cè)題、結(jié)構(gòu)順序題。1、細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧細(xì)節(jié)題名義是針對(duì)文章的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)置的試題節(jié)題的命題方法很多，如可能是對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)用同義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換后進(jìn)行考查可是將文章中的幾個(gè)細(xì)通常是四個(gè)放一起要求考生判斷是（選出正確的一項(xiàng)或選出錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)對(duì)幾個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行排序等解這類試題時(shí)一個(gè)常的方法就是運(yùn)用定位法根據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)中的線索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較從而確定答此要特別注意一些常見(jiàn)的同義轉(zhuǎn)換）?，F(xiàn)在圍繞上述的定位理論，引申出幾個(gè)小的技巧：（1）關(guān)信息定位法。這個(gè)主是細(xì)節(jié)題，如涉及到數(shù)字（日期、時(shí)間、價(jià)格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出數(shù)字找出目標(biāo)數(shù)字及相對(duì)應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)作息還有人物姓名地點(diǎn)名詞等等他還包括一些提示情節(jié)發(fā)展綱性關(guān)鍵字眼First，，F(xiàn)inally等等。AsayounggirlgrowingupintheIalwayswantedflya，butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforwomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreaminmyhusbandarrangedmetorideinahotairballoonformybirthday.（2011年高英語(yǔ)北京A）Whathappenedtoauthorin2011SheflewanairplaneSheenteredacompetitionShewentonahotairballoonrideShemovedintoaretirementcommunity解析：此題屬典型細(xì)節(jié)題，通過(guò)題干中的時(shí)間in2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分，很容易可以鎖定正解為C。（2）同定位法。英文中可以Paraphrase表。同義定位就是指問(wèn)題所用的關(guān)鍵詞和文中的不一致，但屬于同義性質(zhì)，同義轉(zhuǎn)換其實(shí)是在關(guān)鍵間的基礎(chǔ)上拐了個(gè)彎。Helongsforconversationsaneditorwhowillhelpturnhisgoodideasintogreatones.Hewantstogetaboutwhathe'sdoingandtohelp1/himturnhisstoryideaupsidedowninsideoutexploringthebestwaystoreportit.Hewantstobemorevaluableforyourpaper.年高考英語(yǔ)北京B篇Whatdoesthereporterwantmostfromhiseditorsintheir？Findingthenewsvaluehisstories.Givinghimfinancialsupport.Helpinghimtofindissues.Improvinghisgood解析題屬細(xì)節(jié)題方為義定位法中的talks文章中conversations對(duì)應(yīng)，而wantmost和longs對(duì)應(yīng)，這樣不難得出答案為。小結(jié)在閱讀中精快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質(zhì)位是需要在做題的過(guò)程中有意識(shí)的培養(yǎng)的題的技巧也是可以總結(jié)的鍵要自覺(jué)培養(yǎng)這種分析歸納和總結(jié)的意識(shí)以及能力。2、推理題解題技巧推斷題定義解文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過(guò)程。出現(xiàn)特征：在考題中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞有，implyindicate，conclude，learnfrom，probably，mostlikelyprove/according等SheupatthedoorstepofmyhouseinCornwall.NowaycouldIhavesentheraway.Noway，notmeanyway.Maybehadkickedheroutoftheircarthenightbefore.“We'removinghouse.'；“Nospaceforheranymorewiththebabycoming.”“Weneverreallywanted，butwhatcouldwe？Shewasa”Peoplefindsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.AndshewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadseen.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutGoldiewhentothe？（2010年高考英語(yǔ)北京A篇A.Shocked.B.Sympathetic.C.Annoyed.D.解析：由題目得知：是考察作者的態(tài)度題。首先定位到文章作者的話語(yǔ)和行為，即（1）NowaycouldIhavesentaway.No，meanyway.Weneverreallywantedher，couldwehavedonewasapresent.“Peoplefindallsortsofexcusesforabandoningananimal.shewasoneofthemostbeautifuldogsIhadseen.可知作者對(duì)它是正的情感，排除，D.由作者對(duì)它的不舍，答案選B3、主旨大意題解題技巧型使逆推法要在閱讀原文基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮選項(xiàng)是否與文章主題有密切聯(lián)系再看選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何2/要注意題目是否過(guò)大或者過(guò)小要避免下列三種錯(cuò)誤概括不夠（多表現(xiàn)為部分代整體，導(dǎo)致范圍過(guò)?。┻^(guò)度概括（多表現(xiàn)為擴(kuò)大范圍）以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)代替抽象概括的大意。FederalregulatorsWednesdayatocreateanationwideemergencyalert（警）systemusingmessagesdeliveredtocellphones.messageshavebeenpopularinrecentyears，particularlyamongyoungpeople.Theindustry'stradeassociationCTIA，estimates（估計(jì)）morethan48billiontextmessagesaresenteachmonth.TheplancomesfromtheWarningAlertandResponseNetworkAct，a2006federallawthatrequiresimprovementstotheemergencyalertsystem.TheacttaskedtheFederalCommunicationsCommission（FCCwithcomingupwithnewwaystoalertthepublicaboutemergencies.“TheabilitydeliveraccurateandtimelywarningsandalertsthroughcellphonesandothermobileservicesisanimportantnextstepinoureffortsensurethattheAmericanpublichastheinformationtheyneedtotakeactiontoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies，andduring，disastersandotheremergencies，F(xiàn)CCChairmanKevinMartin，followingtheplan.Participationinalertsystembycarriers-telecommunicationscompaniesisvoluntary，butitreceivedsupportfromthewirelessindustry.Theprogramwouldbeoptionalforcellphoneusers.TheyalsomaynotchargedforreceivingTherewouldbethreedifferenttypesofmessagesaccordingtotherules.Thefirstwouldbeanationalalertfromthepresidentlikelyinvolvinganaturaldisaster.Thesecondwouldinvolve“approachingthreats”whichcouldincludenaturaldisasterslikehurricanesstormsoruniversityshootings.Thethirdwouldbeforchildabduction（綁架）emergencies，orso-calledAmberAlerts.Theservicecouldbeinplaceby2010.（年高考英語(yǔ)山東卷篇66.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe？CellPhoneAlertsProtectingStudentsCellPhoneAlertsWirelessIndustryCellPhoneAlertsNationalDisastersCellPhoneAlertsComingSoon3/解析：。主旨大意題。第一段開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，提出將創(chuàng)建一個(gè)全國(guó)性的短信警報(bào)系統(tǒng)；最后一段重申主題，對(duì)這種新系統(tǒng)的未來(lái)進(jìn)行展望。因此最準(zhǔn)確的標(biāo)題是D。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在protectingstudents；B項(xiàng)在bywirelessindustry；C錯(cuò)在NationalDisasters。4、詞義句意題解題技巧要求考生通過(guò)閱讀上下文，結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的賞識(shí)來(lái)推測(cè)尚不熟悉的詞或者詞組的意思。出現(xiàn)特征：劃線或者引號(hào)解題方法之一：根據(jù)上下文，往往是本句中的同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。Weekslater，standingthisunfriendlymasswastotallylost.Ohwell，IloweredthepaperandsatdownatmyburningtofindoutwhatIhadwrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisitallbecame，“MyreportisonGeorge，themanstartedtheAmericanRevolution.”Thewholeworldbecamequite！HowcouldIknowthatmeantthatGeorgeWashington？62.Theunderlinedword“burninginPbablymeans（2012年北京，篇，62，答案D）A.annoyedB.ashamedC.readyD.eager解析：從burning這詞來(lái)說(shuō)，意為“發(fā)熱的，強(qiáng)烈的，燃燒的”，后面緊跟動(dòng)詞詞組“findout”明在尋找時(shí)刻的情是很緊張和急迫的，最后是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，是我曾經(jīng)做錯(cuò)過(guò)什么，那么這個(gè)題目顯然就是選擇和“渴望的，熱切的”詞義，顯然為D選。5、結(jié)構(gòu)順序題解題技巧常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式：HowisthepassageorganizedWhichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage？Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainly….解題思路：注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開(kāi)頭，簡(jiǎn)要概括文章的中心思想，找出或者總結(jié)每段的主題句主句可能在段落的開(kāi)頭，也可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見(jiàn)主旨題之mainidea。最后根據(jù)每段主題確定段與段之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴(yán)密。為突出主題，作者可能采用不同的寫作手法來(lái)組織文章，通過(guò)舉例、比較、類比等手法來(lái)透徹闡明主題觀點(diǎn)。TheDiet：ADangerousPlaceDiet，dietPepsi，dietpillsno-fatdietvegetablediet…Wearesurroundedbytheword”everywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietaredoingtous.Wearepayingproductsthatharmuspsychologicallyandphysically（身體上.4/Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.Onone，wearenotallowingourbraintoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallytheweight，butcontrollingtheoffatty，high-calorie，unhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale（秤）instead.Allwetoistoswalloworrecognizetheword“diet”infoodlabels.Onanotherlevel，dietproductsgreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrink，wearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon'ductsmakepeoplebelievecomeswithoutpain，andthatlifecanbewithoutresistanceandstruggle.Thedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveon，butalsoinphysicalharmthattheycause.foodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseconsumingtheminsteadhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分.Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocaloriesonlythedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.Dietproductsmaynotbe，andthechemicalthatgointodietproductsarepotentiallydangerous.Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonus，itistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofminds，notinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizewebebetterabletoresistdiet，thereforepreventthepsychologicalharmthatcomesfromusingthem.高英語(yǔ)北京卷E篇75.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofpassage？5/解析第段點(diǎn)明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品誤導(dǎo)人們段明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品對(duì)人們心理上的影響；第三段說(shuō)明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品誤導(dǎo)人們認(rèn)為不費(fèi)勁就可以減肥對(duì)人們身體上的危害四說(shuō)明節(jié)食產(chǎn)品的危害五說(shuō)明人應(yīng)該慎重對(duì)待節(jié)食產(chǎn)品從文章結(jié)構(gòu)上看應(yīng)該是B項(xiàng)正確。二、七選五型閱讀考生需要在語(yǔ)篇信息存在缺失的情況下確理解整篇文章別是設(shè)題部位前后句的邏輯關(guān)系，通過(guò)上下文的線索進(jìn)行判斷，預(yù)測(cè)下文，然后做出正確判斷。命題分析們?nèi)绻颜恼驴闯梢粋€(gè)信息群個(gè)息群實(shí)際上是由兩大信息版塊構(gòu)成的：已知信息：原文在五處空缺之外的沒(méi)有被挖掉的信息待選信息：七個(gè)待選選項(xiàng)中的信息這兩個(gè)信息板塊間絕不是孤立的是緊密的互動(dòng)邏輯關(guān)系起是一篇完整的文章?？荚囶}型對(duì)學(xué)生的考察能力來(lái)看無(wú)外乎兩個(gè)方面：把握整篇文章的布局和邏輯層次關(guān)系把握微觀信息間關(guān)聯(lián)性（即空格前后句間關(guān)系）解題方法：詞匯同現(xiàn)、詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)、代詞妙用、數(shù)字線索、邏輯線索。MuzakThetimeyougointoabank，astore，orasupermarket，stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear？_____（71）It'ssimilartothemusicyoulistento，butit'snotexactlythesame.That'sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou，ortogiveextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon'teventhemusicplaying，butyoureacttothemusicanyway.Quietbackgroundmusictobecalled“elevator（電梯）music”becauseweoftenhearditinelevators.Butlatelyhearitinmoreandmoreplaces，andithasanew“MuzakAboutone-thirdofthepeopleinAmericato“Muzak”everyday.Themusicplaysminutesat，withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandinmorning，andbetweenthreeandfourintheafternoon，whenpeoplearemoretired.______（72）IfyoutoMuzakcarefully，youwillprobablyrecognizenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon'twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak，butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.？_____（73）Musicisoftenplayedpublicplacesitisdesignedtopeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportahotel.IthasbeenMuzakdoeswhatitdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemorewhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakin_____（74）Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentgroceries.6/_____（75sayit'sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother，Muzakaffectseveryone.farmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhear?。?010高考英語(yǔ)北京卷）Somepeopledon'tlikeMuzak.Themusicgivesth