《文化萬(wàn)象：英語(yǔ)視聽(tīng)說(shuō)（高級(jí)篇）》課件Chapter 5 Internet

Part1:FamousQuotesPart2:BackgroundknowledgePart3:ListeningandSpeakingPracticePart4:聽(tīng)說(shuō)秘籍之模仿（Imitation）Chapter5InternetPart1:FamousQuotesTheInternetisbecomingthetownsquarefortheglobalvillageoftomorrow.--BillGates互聯(lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)成為明日地球村的村中廣場(chǎng)。比爾?蓋茨TheInternetislikealcoholinsomesense.Itaccentuateswhatyouwoulddoanyway.Ifyouwanttobealoner,youcanbemorealone.EstherDyson某種程度上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)就像酒精。不管你想做什么，都會(huì)事半功倍。如果你想一個(gè)人獨(dú)處，它會(huì)讓你越來(lái)越孤獨(dú)；如果你想和其他人聯(lián)系，它會(huì)讓聯(lián)系越來(lái)越容易。埃絲特?戴森AdvancesincomputertechnologyandtheInternethavechangedthewayAmericaworks,learns,andcommunicates.TheInternethasbecomeanintegralpartofAmerica'seconomic,political,andsociallife.…BillClinton計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)改變了美國(guó)人工作，學(xué)習(xí)和溝通的方式?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成了美國(guó)人經(jīng)濟(jì)，政治和社會(huì)生活密不可分的一部分。比爾?克林頓Part2:Backgroundknowledge(1)FortyYearsoftheInternet:HowtheWorldChangedforEver

ByOliverBurkemane

Source:TheGuardian,Friday23October2009【背景知識(shí)】作者OliverBurkeman出生于1975年,是英國(guó)衛(wèi)報(bào)的一名記者。他曾獲過(guò)ForeignPressAssociation’sYoungJournalistoftheYear這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),他也是2006年OrwellPrize的提名候選人。OliverBurkema還撰寫(xiě)了一個(gè)非常受歡迎的專欄,該專欄每周一次,關(guān)于心理學(xué)方面的內(nèi)容。專欄有個(gè)好聽(tīng)的名字叫ThisColumnWillChangeYourLife。他也撰寫(xiě)自己的博客。本書(shū)中的這篇短文摘自他發(fā)表在英國(guó)衛(wèi)報(bào)上的一篇關(guān)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展史的長(zhǎng)文，因?yàn)槠邢蓿虼酥还?jié)選了其中的一部分。Vocabularyrequisite [?r?kw?z?t]adj.需要的，必要的ecumenical [??kj??m?n?k?l]adj.普世的；泛基督教的portentous [p?:r?tent?s]adj.自命不凡的;裝腔作勢(shì)的tangible [?t?nd??b?l]adj.可觸知的;有形的nascent [?n?s?nt]adj.初生的;初期的fittingly ['f?t??l?]adv.適切地，適合地biblical [?b?bl?kl]adj.圣經(jīng)的;依據(jù)圣經(jīng)的;Towardstheendofthesummerof1969–afewweeksafterthemoonlandings,afewdaysafterWoodstock,andamonthbeforethefirstbroadcastofMontyPython'sFlyingCircus–alargegreymetalboxwasdeliveredtotheofficeofLeonardKleinrock,aprofessorattheUniversityofCaliforniainLosAngeles.Itwasthesamesizeandshapeasahouseholdrefrigerator,andoutwardly,atleast,ithadaboutasmuchcharm.ButKleinrockwasthrilled:aphotographfromthetimeshowshimstandingbesideit,inrequisitelate-60sbrowntieandbrowntrousers,beaminglikeaproudfather.Hadhetriedtoexplainhisexcitementtoanyonebuthisclosestcolleagues,theyprobablywouldn'thaveunderstood.Thefewoutsiderswhoknewofthebox'sexistencecouldn'tevengetitsnameright:itwasanIMP,or"interfacemessageprocessor",buttheyearbefore,whenaBostoncompanyhadwonthecontracttobuildit,itslocalsenator,TedKennedy,sentatelegrampraisingitsecumenicalspiritincreatingthefirst"interfaithmessageprocessor".Needlesstosay,though,theboxthatarrivedoutsideKleinrock'sofficewasn'tamachinecapableoffosteringunderstandingamongthegreatreligionsoftheworld.Itwasmuchmoreimportantthanthat.It'simpossibletosayforcertainwhentheinternetbegan,mainlybecausenobodycanagreeonwhat,precisely,theinternetis.(Thisisonlypartlyaphilosophicalquestion:itisalsoamatterofegos,sinceseveralofthepeoplewhomadekeycontributionsareanxioustoclaimthecredit.)But29October1969–40yearsagonextweek–hasastrongclaimforbeing,asKleinrockputsittoday,"thedaytheinfantinternetuttereditsfirstwords".At10.30pm,asKleinrock'sfellowprofessorsandstudentscrowdedaround,acomputerwasconnectedtotheIMP,whichmadecontactwithasecondIMP,attachedtoasecondcomputer,severalhundredmilesawayattheStanfordResearchInstitute,andanundergraduatenamedCharleyKlinetappedoutamessage.SamuelMorse,sendingthefirsttelegraphmessage125yearspreviously,chosetheportentousphrase:"WhathathGodwrought?"ButKline'staskwastologinremotelyfromLAtotheStanfordmachine,andtherewasnoopportunityforportentousness:hisinstructionsweretotypethecommandLOGIN.Ontheotherhand,thebreakthroughaccomplishedthatnightin1969wasadecidedlydown-to-earthone.TheArpanetwasnot,initself,intendedassomekindofsecretweapontoputtheSovietsintheirplace:itwassimplyawaytoenableresearcherstoaccesscomputersremotely,becausecomputerswerestillvastandexpensive,andthescientistsneededawaytoshareresources.(Thenotionthatthenetworkwasdesignedsothatitwouldsurviveanuclearattackisanurbanmyth,thoughsomeofthoseinvolvedsometimesusedthatargumenttoobtainfunding.)ThetechnicalproblemsolvedbytheIMPswasn'tveryexciting,either.Itwasalreadypossibletolinkcomputersbytelephonelines,butitwasglaciallyslow,andeverycomputerinthenetworkhadtobeconnected,byadedicatedline,toeveryothercomputer,whichmeantyoucouldn'tconnectmorethanahandfulofmachineswithouteverythingbecomingmonstrouslycomplexandcostly.Thesolution,called"packetswitching"–whichoweditsexistencetotheworkofaBritishphysicist,DonaldDavies–involvedbreakingdatadownintoblocksthatcouldberoutedaroundanypartofthenetworkthathappenedtobefree,beforegettingreassembledattheotherend."Ithoughtthiswasimportant,butIdidn'treallythinkitwasaschallengingaswhatIthoughtofasthe'realresearch',"saysCrocker,agenialCalifornian,now65,whowentontoplayakeyroleintheexpansionoftheinternet."Iwasparticularlyfascinated,inthosedays,byartificialintelligence,andbytryingtounderstandhowpeoplethink.Ithoughtthatwasamuchmoresubstantialandrespectableresearchtopicthanmerelyconnectingupafewmachines.Thatwascertainlyuseful,butitwasn'tart."Still,KleinrockrecallsatangiblesenseofexcitementthatnightasKlinesatdownattheSDSSigma7computer,connectedtotheIMP,andatthesametimemadetelephonecontactwithhisoppositenumberatStanford.Ashiscolleagueswatched,hetypedtheletterL,tobeginthewordLOGIN."HaveyougottheL?"heasked,downthephoneline."GottheL,"thevoiceatStanfordresponded.KlinetypedanO."HaveyougottheO?""GottheO,"Stanfordreplied.KlinetypedaG,atwhichpointthesystemcrashed,andtheconnectionwaslost.TheGdidn'tmakeitthrough,whichmeantthat,quitebyaccident,thefirstmessageevertransmittedacrossthenascentinternetturnedout,afterall,tobefittinglybiblical:"LO."(2)AMillionFirstDates

ByDanSlater【背景知識(shí)】本篇文章節(jié)選自AMillionFirstDates一書(shū)。該書(shū)的作者試圖從客觀的角度剖析網(wǎng)絡(luò)約會(huì)對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的一夫一妻制產(chǎn)生的影響。節(jié)選該書(shū)內(nèi)容的出發(fā)點(diǎn)在于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展催生了網(wǎng)絡(luò)約會(huì)相親交友等等，使得現(xiàn)實(shí)的情況變得非常復(fù)雜，希望這篇短文能讓我們對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交友有所了解。在隨后的聽(tīng)力部分中有網(wǎng)絡(luò)交友方面的內(nèi)容，希望這篇短文能起到拋磚引玉的作用。Vocabularycompatible

[k?m?p?t?b?l]adj.兼容的，相容的;和諧的，elusive

[??lus?v]adj.難以捉摸的;undermine

[??nd?r?ma?n]v.逐漸削弱,從根基處破壞allure

[??l?r]n.誘惑力，魅力exec

[?ɡ'zek]abbr.ofexecutiven.執(zhí)行官,執(zhí)行者h(yuǎn)ypothesize [ha??pɑ:θ?sa?z]v.假設(shè)，假定exhilarating [?ɡ?z?l??ret??]adj.振奮的;使人高興的Thepositiveaspectsofonlinedatingareclear:theInternetmakesiteasierforsinglepeopletomeetothersinglepeoplewithwhomtheymightbecompatible,raisingthebarforwhattheyconsideragoodrelationship.Butwhatifonlinedatingmakesittooeasytomeetsomeonenew?Whatifitraisesthebarforagoodrelationshiptoohigh?Whatiftheprospectoffindinganever-more-compatiblematewiththeclickofamousemeansafutureofrelationshipinstability,inwhichwekeepchasingtheelusiverabbitaroundthedatingtrack?Ofcourse,nooneknowsexactlyhowmanypartnershipsareunderminedbytheallureoftheInternetdatingpool.Butmostoftheonline-dating-companyexecutivesIinterviewedwhilewritingmynewbook,LoveintheTimeofAlgorithms,agreedwithwhatresearchappearstosuggest:theriseofonlinedatingwillmeananoveralldecreaseincommitment.“Thefuturewillseebetterrelationshipsbutmoredivorce,”predictsDanWinchester,thefounderofafreedatingsitebasedintheU.K.“Theolderyougetasaman,themoreexperiencedyouget.Youknowwhattodowithwomen,howtotreatthemandtalktothem.Addtothattheeffectofonlinedating.”Hecontinued,“Ioftenwonderwhethermatchingyouupwithgreatpeopleisgettingsoefficient,andtheprocesssoenjoyable,thatmarriagewillbecomeobsolete.”“Historically,”saysGregBlatt,theCEOofM’sparentcompany,“relationshipshavebeenbilledas‘hard’because,historically,commitmenthasbeenthegoal.Youcouldsayonlinedatingissimplychangingpeople’sideasaboutwhethercommitmentitselfisalifevalue.”Matescarcityalsoplaysanimportantroleinpeople’srelationshipdecisions.“Look,ifIlivedinIowa,I’dbemarriedwithfourchildrenbynow,”saysBlatt,a40somethingbachelorinManhattan.“That’sjusthowitis.”Anotheronline-datingexechypothesizedaninversecorrelationbetweencommitmentandtheefficiencyoftechnology.“Ithinkdivorcerateswillincreaseaslifeingeneralbecomesmorereal-time,”saysNiccolòFormai,theheadofsocial-mediamarketingatBadoo,ameeting-and-datingappwithabout25millionactiveusersworldwide.“ThinkabouttheevolutionofotherkindsofcontentontheWeb—stockquotes,news.Thegoalhasalwaysbeentomakeitfaster.Thesamethingwillhappenwithmeeting.It’sexhilaratingtoconnectwithnewpeople,nottomentionbeneficialforreasonshavingnothingtodowithromance.Younetworkforajob.Youfindaflatmate.Overtimeyou’llexpectthatconstantflow.Peoplealwayssaidthattheneedforstabilitywouldkeepcommitmentalive.Butthatthinkingwasbasedonaworldinwhichyoudidn’tmeetthatmanypeople.”P(pán)art3:ListeningandSpeakingPracticePass1:FindFriendsontheInternet【背景知識(shí)】過(guò)去在沒(méi)有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的年代,如果要和一個(gè)陌生人交朋友,或者想要通過(guò)交朋友多了解別的文化,傳統(tǒng)的方式是交筆友,英文叫penpals。有了網(wǎng)絡(luò)之后交友更容易了,通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)交的朋友英文可以叫keypals,中文可以稱之為網(wǎng)友,網(wǎng)絡(luò)筆友或者叫鍵友。在下面的音頻中聽(tīng)到的就是這方面的內(nèi)容。Vocabularyreputable [?r?pj?t?b?l]adj.值得尊敬的，聲譽(yù)好的enforcement[?n'f?:sm?nt]n.強(qiáng)制，實(shí)施，執(zhí)行appropriate [??pro?pri?t]adj.適當(dāng)?shù)?合適的;恰當(dāng)?shù)腡ask1:GeneralUnderstanding

Directions:Listentothepassageonceandtrytograspitsmainidea.YoumaydothiseitherinChineseorEnglish.Themainideaofthepassageis____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.CareandconsiderationshouldbegivenwhenfindingfriendsontheInternet.Task2:TrueorFalseDirections:Listentothepassageandtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse(T/F).

1)()WiththeInternet,findingfriendshasbecomemucheasier.2)()Youcanjoinaservicewithoutdoingyourresearch.3)()Youshoulduseanicknametoprotectyourselfonline.4)()Youshouldnotgiveyourpersonalinformationtoanyoneonline.5)()Tohelpyoutounderstandaculture,youcanaskanyquestion.Keys:TFTTFTask3:BlankFillingDirections:Listentothepassageagainandfillinthefollowingblanks.ManystudentswanttofindfriendsontheInternetasawayof(1)__________theirlanguageskillsandlearningmoreaboutnewcultures.Traditionalpenpalswerethe(2)__________sourceforsuchcontacts,andstudentscouldwriteeachotherletters.WiththeInternet,findingfriendshasbecomemucheasier,andsuchrelationshipsarecalledkeypals.practicingprimaryHowever,careandconsiderationshouldbegivenwhenfindingfriendsontheInternet.First:SearchtheInternetfor(3)__________services.Lookfor(4)__________ofsuchsitestolearnmoreaboutotherstudents'experiences.Don'tjoinaserviceuntilyouhavedoneyourresearch.Second:Checktoseeifyoucanuseanickname,ratherthanyourrealname,toprotectyouridentity.Third:Nevergivepersonalinformationtoanyone,includingyourhomeaddress,phonenumber,andbirthday.reputablereviewsFourth:Stopcontactwithothersifyoufeeluncomfortablewiththetopicsofconversation.Again,ifyouprotectyouridentity,thiswillbeeasiertodo.Tellyourteachers,parents,orevenlocallawenforcementifproblems(5)__________.AndFinally,Trytousethelanguageyouarestudyingintheclassroominyour(6)____________________withothers.Askappropriatequestionsthatwillhelpyoulearnaboutothercultures.Rememberthatone'spersonalexperiencemightbejustthat:Tounderstandawholeculture,youhavetotalktomanypeople,butthiswillgetyoustarted.Goodluck.arisecommunicationsTask4:ShadowSpeakingPracticeDirections:Listentothepassageacoupleoftimesandrepeatthewordsthatyou’vejustheardsentencebysentence.Retellthepassagefirstonyourownthencheckyourworkwithyourfriends.Finallyreportthepassagetoyourclassmates.Pass2:BeingStalkedOnline【背景知識(shí)】網(wǎng)路霸凌(cyber-bullying)是網(wǎng)路時(shí)代的新興產(chǎn)物。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的匿名特性，使得使用者往往不用表明身分，僅靠一個(gè)昵稱，即通行整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此，這類型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用者借由網(wǎng)絡(luò)的此特性，會(huì)展現(xiàn)出與日常生活不同的型態(tài)。下面這篇音頻中的文章就是關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)霸凌這一話題。Vocabularystalk

[st?:k]vt.跟蹤tactic

[?t?kt?k]n.戰(zhàn)術(shù);策略enact

[?n??kt]vt.制定法律beatsomeoneup 毆打某人stepin

介入；加入lookintosomething 了解，研究（某事）Inverness 因弗內(nèi)斯(蘇格蘭最北部的一座城市)Task1:GeneralUnderstandingDirections:Listentothepassageonceandtrytograspitsmainidea.YoumaydothiseitherinChineseorEnglish.Themainideaofthepassageis____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Agirlwasstalkedonlinebyanothergirl.Shewasaskingforadviceandhelp.Task2:WordMatchingDirections:ListentothepassageagainandmatchthefollowingwordswiththeirChinesemeanings.threateningmessages

實(shí)行反網(wǎng)絡(luò)霸凌的法律gotojail

進(jìn)監(jiān)獄enactlawsagainstcyberbullying

介入stepin

威脅短信Task3:ListeningComprehensionDirections:ListentothepassageagainandchoosethebestanswerfromthechoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A)Thegirlhasbeenstalkedbyaboyforaboutayear.B)Thegirlhasbeenstalkednomatterwhereshegoesforaboutayear.C)Thegirlhasbeenstalkedonlineforaboutayear.D)Thegirlhasbeenstalkedbyaboynomatterwhereshegoesforaboutayear.2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedbythegirlbeingstalked?A)Thestalkerhassentthreateningmessagesonline.B)Thestalkerwasgoingtokillthegirl.C)Thestalkerthreatenedtobeatthegirlup.D)Thestalkerhasbeenstalkingthegirlforaboutayear.3.Whathasthegirldonetoprotectherself?A)Shehaschangedhercellphonenumbertwice.B)Shehasreportedthistotheschoolprincipal.C)ShehasshutdownherMySpace.D)Shehastoldherparentshersituation.4.Accordingtothesuggestionsgiventothegirl,thegirlshouldnot_________.A)talktoherparentsaboutthefactthatshehasbeenstalkedforaboutayear.B)letherparentstalktothepolice.C)letherparentstalktotheschoolprincipal.D)keepsilentabouthersituation.5.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeconsideredasthemainideaofthepassage?A)Cyberbullying.

B)Domesticviolence.C)Crime.D)Revenge.Keys:CBADATask4:ShadowSpeakingPracticeDirections:Listentothepassageacoupleoftimesandrepeatthewordsthatyou’vejustheardsentencebysentence.Retellthepassagefirstonyourownthencheckyourworkwithyourfriends.Finallyreportthepassagetoyourclassmates.Pass3:E-mailSpamIrksomeSurvey【背景知識(shí)】一封e-mail被定義為垃圾郵件(e-mailspam)要滿足以下三個(gè)條件1.Anonymity:Theaddressandidentityofthesenderareconcealed匿名：郵件發(fā)送者隱匿了自己的地址和身份2．MassMailing:Theemailissenttolargegroupsofpeople群發(fā)：郵件同時(shí)發(fā)送給很多人3．Unsolicited:Theemailisnotrequestedbytherecipients主動(dòng)發(fā)送：郵件接受者沒(méi)有要求他人給他發(fā)送此郵件Thereareanumberofotherlessformalcharacteristicsthatyouwilltypicallyfindpresentinspamemails.Thereisusuallynowayforarecipienttoopt-outoffutureemailsends.TheemailistypicallysentfromaninternationalIPaddresstoavoidbothtrackingandsubjectivitytoUSlaws.And,ofcourse,theemailalmostexclusivelypromotes"scam"activitiesthatwouldrequiretheusertoturnoversensitivefinancialorpersonalinformationtothesenderoftheemail.Inshort,spamemailisanyemailthatwasnotrequestedbyauserbutwassenttothatuserandmanyothers,typically(butnotalways)withmaliciousintent.Thesourceandidentityofthesenderisanonymousandthereisnooptiontoceasereceivingfutureemails.Vocabularybombard

[bɑ:m?bɑ:rd]vt.炮擊，轟炸nagging [?n?ɡ??]adj.使人不得安寧的pornography [p?:r?nɑ:gr?fi]n.色情fraud [fr?:d]n.欺詐;騙子propensity [pr??p?ns?ti]n.傾向irksome [??:rks?m]adj.<正>令人厭煩的inadvertently [??n?d?v?:rt?ntli]adv.疏忽地；非故意地defraud [d??fr?:d]vt.詐取，騙??；欺騙legislation [?l?d???sle??n]n.立法，制定法律poll [p??l]vt.對(duì)…進(jìn)行調(diào)查T(mén)ask1:TrueorFalseDirections:Listentothepassageandtellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse(T/F)1)()E-mailspamisanannoyingproblemtointernetusers.2)()Mostoftherecipientsofjunkemailswoulddeletethemessagesaftertheyreadthem.3)()Someinternetusersworriedthattheywoulddeletesomeimportantinformationinadvertentlywhentheydeletedjunkemails.4)()Somepeopleworriedthattheywouldbedefraudedbyjunkemails.5)()manypeoplehopethegovernmentwoulddosomethingtodealwithe-mailspam.Keys:TFTTTTask2:ListeningComprehensionDirections:ListentothepassageagainandchoosethebestanswerfromthechoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).1.Asurveyone-mailspamreleasedbytheTaiwanInternetAssociationfoundthat_____________.A)Internetusesreceive29junke-mailseachweek.B)75%percentofinternetuserswouldsimplydeletethejunkemailsbeforetheyreadthem.C)E-mailspamhasbecomeanaggingproblem.D)junke-mailsarecomputerviruses.2.WhichofthefollowingisnotmentionedaccordingtothesurveyreleasedbytheTaiwanInternetAssociation?A)SomejunkemailsthatInternetusersreceivearerelatedtopornography.B)SomejunkemailsthatInternetusersreceivearerelatedtofraud.C)SomejunkemailsthatInternetusersreceivearerelatedtodomesticviolence.D)SomejunkemailsthatInternetusersreceivearerelatedtoonlineshopping.3.Ontheeffectsofjunke-mail,whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?A)Junke-mailsmayspreadcomputerviruses.B)Junke-mailsareawasteoftime,computerandInternetresources.C)Junkemailsareirksome.D)Junkemailsareinfectious.4.Whichofthefollowingwordscannotbeusedtodescribee-mailspam?A)Amazing.

B)Irksome.

C)Annoying.

D)Disturbing.5.Whatofthefollowingstatementscanbeconsideredasthemainideaofthepassage?A)Junke-mailscanbereceiveddaily.B)Internetusersfounde-mailspamirksome.C)Peopleusee-mailsdaily.D)Thegovernmentshouldformulatelegislationtodealwithjunke-mails.Keys:CCDABTask3:ShadowSpeakingPracticeDirections:Listentothepassageacoupleoftimesandrepeatthewordsthatyou’vejustheardsentencebysentence.Retellthepassagefirstonyourownthencheckyourworkwithyourfriends.Finallyreportthepassagetoyourclassmates.Pass4:MultiStakeholderCooperation【背景知識(shí)】聯(lián)合國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理論壇（InternetGovernanceForum,IGF）成立于2006年11月，是聯(lián)合國(guó)根據(jù)信息社會(huì)世界峰會(huì)的決定設(shè)立的有關(guān)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)治理問(wèn)題的開(kāi)放式論壇，秘書(shū)處設(shè)在瑞士日內(nèi)瓦。TheInternetGovernanceForum(IGF)isamulti-stakeholderforumforpolicydialogueonissuesofInternetgovernance.ItbringstogetherallstakeholdersintheInternetgovernancedebate,whethertheyrepresentgovernments,theprivatesectororcivilsociety,includingthetechnicalandacademiccommunity,onanequalbasisandthroughanopenandinclusiveprocess.TheestablishmentoftheIGFwasformallyannouncedbytheUnitedNationsSecretary-GeneralinJuly2006.ItwasfirstconvenedinOctober–November2006andhasheldanannualmeetingsincethen.TheUnitedNationspublisheditsendorsementofafive-yearmandatefortheIGFinApril2006.ThereweretworoundsofconsultationswithregardstotheconveningofthefirstIGF:1.16–17ofFebruary2006–ThefirstroundofconsultationswasheldinGeneva.Thetranscriptsofthetwo-dayconsultationsareavailableintheIGFsite.2.19May2006–ThesecondroundofconsultationswasopentoallstakeholdersandwascoordinatedforthepreparationsoftheinauguralIGFmeeting.ThemeetingchairmanwasNitinDesaiwhoistheUnitedNationsSecretary-General'sSpecialAdviserforInternetGovernance.TheconveningoftheIGFwasannouncedon18July2006,withtheinauguralmeetingoftheForumtobeheldinAthens,Greecefrom30Octoberto2November2006.Vocabularyprominent [?pr?m?n?nt]adj.著名的;突出的stakeholder [?ste?kho?ld?(r)]n.利益相關(guān)者address [??dres]vt.著手處理evolve [i?v?lv]vi.發(fā)展vibrant [?va?br?nt]adj.充滿生氣的;academia [??k??dimi?]n.學(xué)術(shù)界，學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境Task1:GeneralUnderstandingDirections:Listentothepassageonceandtrytograspitsmainidea.YoumaydothiseitherinChineseorEnglish.Themainideaofthepassageis____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.InternetMultiStakeholderCooperationwasheldrecentlyinBali,Indonesia.Andoneoftheprominentthemesdiscussedbyparticipantswastheroleofnon-governmentalactorsininternationalInternetpolicyissues.Task2:BlankFillingDirections:Listentothepassageagainandfillinthefollowingblanks.AttheInternetGovernanceForumheldrecentlyinBali,Indonesia,oneoftheprominent(1)__________discussedbyparticipantswasthe(2)__________ofnon-governmentalactorsininternationalInternetpolicyissues.themesrole“Weareseeingincreasingeffortstoshutnon-governmentalstakeholdersoutoftheglobalconversationonInternetissues.Someoftheexclusionispolitically(3)____________,andsomeofitisduetoresourceconstraints.TheUSiscommittedtoaddressingboth,”saidStateDepartment’sDeputyAssistantSecretaryforDemocracy,HumanRightsandLaborScottBusbyattheIGF.motivatedTheInternetevolvedtobecomesucha(4)__________enablerofsocialandeconomicpotentialbecauseitwasopenforeveryonetoinnovateandparticipate.U.S.CoordinatorforInternationalCommunicationsandInformationPolicyAmbassadorDanielSepulvedasaid,“Today,itisacrucialpartofthe(5)_______economy,offreeexpression,andofinclusiveeconomicdevelopment.”powerfulglobal“TheU.S.governmentstronglybelievesthattheglobalcommunityisbestpositionedto(6)__________fromavibrant,growingInternetenvironmentwherecommercial,civilsocietyandgovernmentalstakeholdersjointlyparticipate,”AmbassadorSepulvedasaidattheconclusionofhisIGFopeningremarks.benefit“Letusthinkcreativelyinordertobringmoredevelopingcountrygovernments,alongwiththeir(7)______________incivilsociety,academia,andindustrytothetableofourmulti-stakeholderInternetinstitutions.Letusgrowandevolvetogetherandletuscollectivelymoveforwardtoensurethatwemakethemostofthiscompelling(8)______________.”counterpartopportunityThroughouttheconferencetheU.S.(9)_____________,whichalsoincludedCoordinatorforCyberIssuesChristopherPainter,echoedthemessagethatpeoplefromallsectorsandfromallpartsoftheworlddeserveaseatatthetable.TheIGFisaplacewhereanyinterestedpersoncancometodiscussthepressingInternetpolicyissuesoftheday.TheUnitedStatesstronglysupportsopenandinclusiveforums,liketheIGF,fordiscussionofinternationalInternetpolicy(10)__________.delegationmattersTask3:ShadowSpeakingPracticeDirections:Listentothepassageacoupleoftimesandrepeatthewordsthatyou’vejustheardsentencebysentence.Retellthepassagefirstonyourownthencheckyourworkwithyourfriends.Finallyreportthepassagetoyourclassmates.【背景知識(shí)】Bitcoin是點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)(peer-to-peer)基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的匿名數(shù)字貨幣。點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)(peer-to-peer)的意思是指沒(méi)有中央權(quán)威控制貨幣的匯款通道。相反，這些貨幣轉(zhuǎn)帳的任務(wù)是由網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行的集體管理。匿名意味交易各方可以隱藏自己的真實(shí)身份。Bitcoin并非一種真實(shí)存在的“錢(qián)”，它其實(shí)是一種數(shù)字通貨,一種可用來(lái)在允許接受這種貨幣的地方交換商品和服務(wù)的虛擬代幣，從流通貨幣不同的是，Bitcoin是完全匿名的，也就是說(shuō)你用Bitcoin支付交易時(shí)，買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方完全無(wú)法通過(guò)任何方式知曉對(duì)方的身份。這種特性大大吸引了隱私保護(hù)提倡者的關(guān)注。Pass5:BitcoinBitcoinisapaymentsysteminventedbySatoshiNakamoto,whopublishedtheinventionin2008andreleaseditasopen-sourcesoftwarein2009.Thesystemispeer-to-peer;userscantransactdirectlywithoutneedinganintermediary.Transactionsareverifiedbynetworknodesandrecordedinapublicdistributedledgercalledtheblockchain.Theledgerusesitsownunitofaccount,alsocalledbitcoin.Thesystemworkswithoutacentralrepositoryorsingleadministrator,whichhasledtheUSTreasurytocategorizeitasadecentralizedvirtualcurrency.Bitcoinisoftencalledthefirstcryptocurrency,althoughpriorsystemsexisted.Bitcoinismorecorrectlydescribedasthefirstdecentralizeddigitalcurrency.Itisthelargestofitskindintermsoftotalmarketvalue.Bitcoinsarecreatedasarewardforpaymentprocessingworkinwhichusersoffertheircomputingpowertoverifyandrecordpaymentsintoapublicledger.Thisactivityiscalledminingandtheminersarerewardedwithtransactionfeesandnewlycreatedbitcoins.Besidesmining,bitcoinscanbeobtainedinexchangefordifferentcurrencies,products,andservices.Userscansendandreceivebitcoinsforanoptionaltransactionfee.Bitcoinasaformofpaymentforproductsandserviceshasgrown,andmerchantshaveanincentivetoacceptitbecausefeesarelowerthanthe2–3%typicallyimposedbycreditcardprocessors.Unlikecreditcards,anyfeesarepaidbythepurchaser,notthevendor.TheEuropeanBankingAuthorityandothersourceshavewarnedthatbitcoinusersarenotprotectedbyrefundrightsorchargebacks.Despiteabigincreaseinthenumberofmerchantsacceptingbitcoin,thecryptocurrencydoesn’thavemuchmomentuminretailtransactions.Theuseofbitcoinbycriminalshasattractedtheattentionoffinancialregulators,legislativebodies,lawenforcement,andmedia.Criminalactivitiesareprimarilycenteredaroundblackmarketsandtheft,butofficialsincountriessuchastheUnitedStatesalsorecognizethatbitcoincanprovidelegitimatefinancialservices.Vocabularycraze

[kre?z]n.狂熱；風(fēng)尚virtual

[?v?:t?u?l]adj.虛擬的back

[b?k]vt.支持anonymous

[??n?n?m?s]adj.匿名的unregulated

[??n'reɡj?le?t?d]adj.未受管理[控制、約束]的buck

[b?k]n.（美）錢(qián)illicit

[??l?s?t]adj.法律不許可的，非法的brick-and-mortar [b'r?k'?ndm'?:t?r]adj.實(shí)體的，具體的whipout

迅速拿出；迅速出示