2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題06 閱讀理解Ⅳ：詞義猜測題(測)

專題6閱讀理解IV：詞義猜測1.D【四省名校2019-2020學(xué)年高三第一次大聯(lián)考】Ifyouwearglasses,chancesareyouaresmarter.ResearchpublishedinthefamousBritishjournalNatureCommunicationshasfoundthatpeoplewhodisplayedhigherlevelsofintelligencewerealmost30percentmorelikelytowearglasses.Thescientistsstudiedthegenesofthousandsofpeoplebetweentheagesof16and102.Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.Scientistsalsosaidbeingsmarterhasotherbenefits.Itisconnectedtobetterhealth.Itisimportanttoremembertheseareconnectionswhicharenotprovencauses.Scientistscallthiscorrelation.Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.Andit'sworthnotingthatwhatconstitutesintelligenceissubjectiveandcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,tomeasure.Forgetgenesthough.Plentyofproofshowswearingglassesmakespeoplethinkyouaremoreintelligent,evenifyoudonotneedglasses.Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.HesaidSometimestherehasbeenahugeamountofproofshowingthatpeoplehewasdefendingbrokethelaw.Hehadthemwearglassesandtheyweren'tfoundguilty.GlassesarealsousedtoshowsomeoneisintelligentinmoviesandonTV.Ideasaboutpeoplewhowearglasseshavebeguntoshift.Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.GQmagazinesaidpeoplewhowearglassesforfashionaretryingtoohardtolooksmartandhip（時(shí)髦的）.However,thathasn'tstoppedmanycelebritiesfromhappilywearingglasseseveniftheydonotneedthem.JustinBieberisjustonehigh-profilefanoffashionglasses.Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?Peoplewearingglassesaresmarter.Peoplewearingglassesarehealthier.Wearingglassescanmakepeoplecleverer.WearingglassesisassociatedwithhigherIQ.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?A.Shift.B.Link.C.Proof.D.Consequence.A.Shift.B.Link.C.Proof.D.Consequence.Whydosomelawyersasktheirclientstowearglassesincourt?Becauseitcancreateamoralimage.Becauseitcanmisleadthewitnesses.Becauseitcanhighlightclients'qualities.Becauseitcanprovetheclients'innocence.Whatisthegeneralattitudetothosewhowearglassesforfashion?Positive.B.Negative.C.MixedD.Indifferent.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)戴眼鏡和高智商有關(guān)，文章還指出有些人只是為了追求時(shí)尚而戴眼鏡。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.”可知，研究表明，智力與身體特征有關(guān)，其中一個(gè)特征就是視力，在10個(gè)更聰明的人中，他們需要眼鏡的幾率更高，也就是說戴眼鏡與高智商有關(guān)，故D項(xiàng)正確。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.”可知，僅僅因?yàn)槟澄锱c其他事物相聯(lián)系并不意味著其中一個(gè)事物導(dǎo)致了另一個(gè)事物，這是對畫線詞的解釋說明，因此此處是說重要的是要記住這些都是沒有被證實(shí)的原因的聯(lián)系，科學(xué)家稱之為相關(guān)性，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“相關(guān)聯(lián)、聯(lián)系”，故B項(xiàng)正確。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.”可知，許多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，戴眼鏡的人被視為更聰明、更勤奮、更誠實(shí)，眼鏡使他們看起來更溫和，許多律師利用這個(gè)想法來幫助他們贏得官司，由此可知，一些律師讓他們的當(dāng)事人在法庭上戴眼鏡是因?yàn)榇魃涎坨R有助于塑造一個(gè)道德的形象，故A項(xiàng)正確。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.”可知，不需要眼鏡的人有時(shí)戴眼鏡只是為了時(shí)尚，他們想顯得酷一些，但并不是每個(gè)人都對這個(gè)想法印象深刻，由此可知，對于那些追求時(shí)尚而戴眼鏡的人來說，人們的態(tài)度是既有人支持也有人反對，故C項(xiàng)正確。2.C【河南省中原名校2019-2020學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次質(zhì)量考評】Plasticsremainoneofthemost-usedmaterialsformakingmanythings.Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime.Plasticsarealsomuchlighterthanmetalandcaneasilybeformedintodifferentshapes.Plasticscantakehundredsofyearstobreakdownontheirown.Andveryfewkindsarehighlyrecyclable.AteamofresearchersworkingattheUSDepartmentofEnergysaysithascreatedakindofplasticthatcouldleadtoproductsthatare100percentrecyclable.ItrecentlyreportedthediscoveryinastudyinthejournalNatureChemistry.Theresearcherssaythenewmaterialisaplasticpolymer聚合體）calledpolydiketoenamine,orPDK.Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular分子的）level.Itcanthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors.Theresearcherssaythisprocesscanberepeatedoverandoveragain—withouttheplasticmateriallosinganyperformanceorquality."Mostplasticswerenevermadetoberecycled,”leadresearcherPeterChristensensaidinastatmeent."Butwehavediscoveredanewwaytoassembleplasticsthattakesrecyclingintoconsiderationfromamolecularperspective.”Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.Theproblemisthatthesechemicalsattachtothemonomers單體）,whichremaininplasticsevenafterthematerialgetsprocessedatarecyclingplant.Theresearchteamreportedthat,withthenewlydiscoveredPDKmaterial,themonomerscouldberecoveredandseparatedfromanychemicaladditives.Next,theresearchersplantodevelopPDKplastics"withawiderangeofthermalandmechanicalproperties.Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.Inaddition,theteamistryingtoincludeplant-basedmaterialsintheprocess.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?Plasticsareneverhighlyrecyclable.Plasticsarewidelyusedinourlives.Plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Plasticstakehundredsofyearstobebrokendown.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph3referto?Thenewmaterial.B.Theresearchteam.C.Themolecularlevel.D.Theproducingprocess.Whydomanyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothem?Tomakethemeasytobreakdown.Tomakethemeasytogetprocessed.Tomakeitpossibleforthemtoberecycled.Tomakethemstrongerandmorewidelyused.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?PDKplasticswillbesoonputtogooduse.PDKplasticsmayhaveapromisingprospect.TheresearchersarebusydevelopingPDKplastics.Plant-basedmaterialshavebeenusedinthenewplastics.【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)正在研究一種新型的塑料，這種塑料更容易降解，更耐用且可以循環(huán)利用。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime.…Andvekindsarehighlyrecyclable.可知，塑料結(jié)實(shí)耐用，更易成型；需要上百年才能降解，且?guī)缀醪荒苎h(huán)利用；所以本段既講了塑料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)也講了缺點(diǎn)。C.Plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages（.塑料既有優(yōu)勢也有劣勢）可以總結(jié)本段。故選C項(xiàng)。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前句Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular分子的）level.（研究隊(duì)說這種材料能被降解成分子大小的微粒）和畫線詞后面的canthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors.（然后再次組合形成不同形狀，顏色和質(zhì)地的塑料）可知，it代指的是前文提到的新材料，尤其從canbe和canthenbe這兩個(gè)并列句可以推出前后講的是同物。故選A項(xiàng)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.可知，加入其它化學(xué)物質(zhì)的目的是讓塑料更有用，更耐用。D.Tomakethemstrongerandmorewidelyused.（讓它們更堅(jiān)固，使用面更廣）符合以上說法。故選D項(xiàng)。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.可知，這種新型塑料在將來可以被用在很多領(lǐng)域，例如布料，3D打印和泡沫。B.PDKplasticsmayhaveapromisingprospect.（PDK塑料可能有一個(gè)光明的前景）符合以上說法。故選B項(xiàng)。3.B【河南省八市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年高三9月月考】Asmuchasseventyyearsago,inthecityofBoston,therelivedasmallgirlwhohadthenaughtyhabitofrunningaway.666666Herparents,Mr.andMrs.Alcott,fromfirsttolast,hadhadagoodmanyfrightsaboutthisflyawayLouisa.Oncewhenshewasonlytwoyearsoldtheyweretravelingwithheronasteamboat,andshedartedaway,insomemomentwhennoonewasnoticingher,andcrawledintotheengine-roomtowatchthemachinery.Ofcourseherclotheswereallgreaseanddirt,andshemighthavebeencaughtinthemachineryandhurt.Exceptforthisonefault,Louisawasagoodchild,soshefeltmuchashamedthatshehadcausedhermother,whomsheloveddearly,somuchworry.Shemadeuphermindthatshewouldneverfrightenhersoagain.No-shewouldcureherselfoftherunning-awayhabit!Afterthat,whenevershefelttheleastdesiretoslipoutofthehousewithoutaskingpermission,shewouldhurrytoherownlittleroomandshutthedoortight.Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem.ByandbyshefoundshelikedmakingstoriesbetterthananythingshehadeverdoneinherlifeHermothersometimeswonderedwhyLouisagrewsofondofstayinginherlittlechambertheheadofthestairs,allofasudden,butwaspleasedthattherunawaychildhadchangedintosuchaquiet,like-to-stay-at-homegirl.ItwasalongtimebeforeLouisadaredtomentionthestoriesandrhymesshehadhiddeninherdeskbutfinallyshetoldhermotheraboutthem,andwhenMrs.Alcotthadreadthem,sheadvisedhertokeeponwriting.LouisadidsoandbecameoneofthebestAmericanstory-tellers.Shewroteanumberofbooks,andifyoubeginwithLulu'sLibrary,youwillwanttoreadLittleMenandLittleWomenandallthebooksthatdearLouisaAlcotteverwroteWhatdoestheunderlinedword“dartedaway”inparang?raph2medisappearedB.leftquicklyC.lostherselfD.hidherselfWhydidLouisacrawlintotheengineroom?Becauseshewantedtowatchthemachinery.BecauseshewantedtomakeherparentsfrightenedBecauseshelikedtomakeJokes.Becauseotherwise,shemighthavebeenhurt.HowdidLouisacureherselfofrunning-awayhabit?SheaskedpermissionbeforegoingoutofthehouseShefoundmakingstoriesmoreinterestingandgaveupherrun-awayplanatonce.Hermothermadeherenterherownroomandshutthedoortight.ShemadeupstoriesandthenwrotethemdownWhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLouisa?Caring.B.AmbitiousC.Strong-minded.D.Demanding.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了作家路易斯?奧爾科特小時(shí)候的一段經(jīng)歷。她從很小的時(shí)候起就喜歡獨(dú)自“逃跑”，父母為此飽受驚嚇，后來她下定決心改正這個(gè)習(xí)慣，每當(dāng)有“逃跑”計(jì)劃時(shí)，她就把自己關(guān)起來，編故事，寫故事，后來她成了作家。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文Asmuchasseventyyearsago,inthecityofBoston,therelivedasmallgirlwhohadthenaughtyhabitofrunningaway（.大約70年前，在波士頓城，住著一個(gè)小女孩，她有一個(gè)頑皮的習(xí)慣，那就是逃跑。）以及Herparents,Mr.andMrs.Alcott,fromfirsttolast,hadhadagoodmanyfrightsaboutthisflyawayLouisa.（她的父母，阿爾科特先生和阿爾科特太太，對Louisa的出走，從始至終，感到非常害怕。）可知Louisa喜歡“逃跑”，因此在有一次當(dāng)他們和她一起乘汽船旅行的時(shí)候,Louisa在沒有人注意她的時(shí)候，Louisa又飛快地跑開了。故劃線短語意思為“快速離開”，故選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中Oncewhenshewasonlytwoyearsoldtheyweretravelingwithheronasteamboat,andshedartedaway,insomemomentwhennoonewasnoticingher,andcrawledintotheengine-roomtowatchthemachinery.（有一次，當(dāng)她只有兩歲的時(shí)候，他們和她一起乘汽船旅行，在沒有人注意她的時(shí)候，她飛快地跑開了，爬進(jìn)機(jī)艙去看機(jī)器。）可知Louisa爬進(jìn)機(jī)艙，因?yàn)樗肟礄C(jī)器。故選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem（.為了不讓自己的頭腦受到壞計(jì)劃的影響，她會閉上眼睛編造故事——把它們都想清楚，你知道，這都是她的。然后，當(dāng)其中一些看起來很不錯的時(shí)候，她會把它們寫下來，這樣她就不會忘記它們了。）可知Louisa編造故事，然后把它們寫下來，以便改掉逃跑的習(xí)慣。故選Do推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem.（為了不讓自己的頭腦受到壞計(jì)劃的影響，她會閉上眼睛編造故事——把它們都想清楚，你知道，這都是她的。然后，當(dāng)其中一些看起來很不錯的時(shí)候，她會把它們寫下來，這樣她就不會忘記它們了。）可知Louisa下定決心改正缺點(diǎn)，把自己關(guān)在房間里，編故事寫故事，說明她是一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人。故選C。4.B【河北省唐山市第一中學(xué)2019-2020學(xué)年高三10月調(diào)研】MywifeandIwereatacrowdedgrocerystorenotlongago.Itwasaweekdayevening,coldandwet-andtense.Peoplewerecarelesslyblockingaisles,complainingandcuttingoneanotheroffwiththeircarts.Thingsgotworseatthecheckoutline.Thecashierscannedaman'sdiscountcard,buthemisreadthesavingsonherscreenasanadditionalcharge.Hedecidedshewasactingdeliberatelyandbegantoargue.“Sheisbeingspiteful（惡意的）!”heyelled.“Thisisunbelievable.”O(jiān)thercustomerslookedawayasthecashiertriedtoreasonwithhim.Shecalledamanager,whoaccompaniedhimtocustomerservice.Shaken,shemovedtothenextcustomerinline.We'veallwitnesseduncomfortablesceneslikethisinpublicplaces.Thegroceryscenewasanotherexampleofhowourtrustinothershaseroded.Butitwasalsoateachablemomentonhowwecanrebuildourfaith-startingwithjustoneperson.Backatthegrocerystore,mywifeandIreachedouruneasycashier.Igrabbedabottleofwaterfromanearbycoolerandhandedittoher.“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou.”Isaid.Herfacelitup,andwetalkedasshescannedouritems.Shetoldusshehadbeenworkingthateveningthroughseverefootpainandwouldbehavingsurgerylaterthatweek.Wewishedherwellinherrecovery,andshethankedusasweleft.Thosearethebalancingacts,themomentsofrespondingsocialandemotionalpainwithhealing,whichwilladduptorestoretrustamongpeople.Youcanstartthatpatterninsomeoneelse'slife,eveninaplaceasordinaryastheneighborhoodgrocerystore.Whydidthemanatthecheckoutlinearguewiththecashier?Thecashiercalledamanagertohelpher.Someonejumpedthequeuewaitingtocheckout.Therewassomethingwrongwithhisdiscountcard.Hebelievedthecashierchargedhimmoreonpurpose.Theunderlinedword“eroded”inParagraph5probablymeans.changedB.increasedC.fadedD.formedTheauthorboughtabottleofwaterforthecashierbecause.A.hethoughtthecashiermightfeelalittlebitthirstyheknewshehadgonethroughmuchtroublerecentlyhewantedtorestorethetrustbetweenherandthemanhewantedtocomfortheraftertheterribleexperiencejustnowThelastparagraphinthepassageisintendedto.addawarningB.makeasuggestionC.introduceatopicD.presentanargument【答案】25.D26.C27.D28.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者和妻子在百貨商場遇到的一樁關(guān)于人與人之間相互信任的故事。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段最后一句“Hedecidedshewasactingdeliberatelyandbegantoargue.可知收銀臺前的那個(gè)人和收銀員爭吵的因?yàn)槭撬麛喽ㄋ枪室獾?，故選D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“Butitwasalsoateachablemomentonhowwecanrebuildourfaith-startingwithjustoneperson.”可知，因?yàn)樾湃握凇奥А币虼诵枰爸亟ā?，故選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第六段第三句“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou.'可知作者為收銀員買了一瓶水的原因是想為她剛剛糟糕的經(jīng)歷安慰她，故選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Youcanstartthatpatterninsomeoneelse'slife,eveninaplaceasordinaryastheneighborhoodgrocerystore.”可知最后一段，作者提出你可以在別人的生活中開始這種模式，是在提出建議。故選B。5.D【廣東省惠州市2019-2020學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次調(diào)研】TOKYO,June8(Xinhua)--TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeofthe2022OlympicandParalympicsWinterGamesheldapromotioneventintheJapanesecapital,TokyoonSaturdaytointroducethelatestdevelopmentsinpreparationfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.Thepromotionevent,whichusedanexhibitionwallandthe"CharmingBeijing"photoexhibitiontoshowcasethepreparationsofBeijing2022,waspartof"BeijingWeek",aseriesofactivitiestocommemoratethe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister-cityrelationsbetweenBeijingandTokyo.Ontheexhibitionwallwithanareaof33squaremeters,Beijng2022organizersshowcasedfiveaspectsincludingtheBeijingWinterOlympicsvision,Beijing'swintersportstradition,emblem(2jofBeijing2022,competitionplanningandtheNationalSpeedSkatingOval.Atthesametime,oldphotosoftheChineseandJapaneseicehockeyteamsechoedthe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister-cityrelationsbetweenthetwocitiesandthethemeoftheBeijingWinterOlympics.666666ThepromotionvideosoftheBeijing2022emblems,aswellasotherrelatedvideoclips,drewgreatinterestoftheaudience.The"CharmingBeijing"photoexhibitiondisplayedsomeoftheWinterOlympicvenues,showingtheprogressofthepreparationsfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.Meanwhile,sandtable,VRglassesandthe"BeijingWinterOlympicsBrochure"arealsoprovidedtolettheaudiencevisuallyexperiencetheuniquecharmoftheNationalSpeedSkatingOvalandthefeaturesofothercompetitionvenues.ChangYuDirectorGeneraloftheMediaandCommunicationsDepartmentoftheBeijingWinterOlympicOrganizingCommittee,introducedtheprogressofthepreparations2022andthevisionofcooperationbetweenBeijing2022andTokyo2020.ChangYusaidthattheBeijingWinterOlympicsOrganizingCommitteestayscommittedtowiththeaimofdeliveringahostingtheGamesinagreen,inclusive,openandcleanmanner,withanaimofdeliveringafantastic,extraordinaryandexcellentOlympiceventtotheworld.TheBeijingWinterOlympicswillopenonFebruary4,2022.whichwillfeature'sports,15disciplinesand109events.Howwasthepromotioneventcarriedout?ByadvertisingonTVinBeijingandTokyo.BysendingoffbrochurestocitizensinTokyo.ByprovidingvariousvisualexperiencesD.ThroughtoursallaroundTokyo.Theunderlinedword"commemorate"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtocelebrateB.appreciateCcompareD.combineWhatcanbeinferredfromChangYu'sintroduction?BeijingwillhosttheOlympicsearlierthanTokyo.Beijingiswellpreparedforthe2022eventBeijing2022provesagreatsuccess.Beijing2022willbeenvironmental-friendly.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthispassage?A.TheSister-CityAnniversarybetweenBeijingandTokyoBeijing2022PromotionEventinTokyoBeijingandTokyo,FriendshipForeverPreparationsforBeijing2022Olympic【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了2022年冬奧會和殘奧會組委在日本首都東京進(jìn)行了宣傳工作，介紹了北京冬奧會籌備工作的最新進(jìn)展。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的Thepromotionevent,whichusedanexhibitionwallandthe"CharmingBeijing"photoexhibitiontoshowcasethepreparationsofBeijing2022（,宣傳活動是利用展覽墻和“美麗北京”的圖片來展示北京2022年的籌備工作）可知，籌備工作的展示主要是通過照片和圖片。C.Byprovidingvariousvisualexperiences（通過提供各種各樣的視覺體驗(yàn)）符合以上說法。故選C項(xiàng)。詞義猜測題。文章第二段aseriesofactivitiestocommemoratethe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister-cityrelationsbetweenBeijingandTokyo.一系列的活動來紀(jì)念中日友好城市關(guān)系建立40周年）中的40thanniversary（40周年）可推測commemorate的意思是慶祝。故選A項(xiàng)。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段的ChangYusaidthattheBeijingWinterOlympicsOrganizingCommitteestayscommittedtowiththeaimofdeliveringahostingtheGamesinagreen,inclusive,openandcleanmanne（r,常玉說北京冬奧組織委員會致力于以綠色，包容，開放，清潔的方式舉辦一屆奧運(yùn)會）可知，北京冬季好運(yùn)會是環(huán)保的。D.Beijing2022willbeenvironmental-friendly.（2022北京奧運(yùn)會將會是親環(huán)境的）符合以上說法。故選D項(xiàng)。主旨大意題。因?yàn)楸疚氖切侣剤?bào)道，所以主旨大意在第一段。根據(jù)第一段的TheBeiingOrganizingCommitteeofthe2022OlympicandParalympicsWinterGamesheldapromotioneventintheJapanesecapital,TokyoonSaturdaytointroducethelatestdevelopmentsinpreparationfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.（周六2022年冬奧會和殘奧會北京奧組委在日本首都東京進(jìn)行了宣傳工作，介紹了北京冬奧會籌備工作的最新進(jìn)展。）可知，本文主要講北京奧委會在日本東京的宣傳工作。B.Beijing2022PromotionEventinTokyo（北京2022年冬奧會在東京的宣傳）符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。6.C【2019年四川省雅安市高三第三次診斷】NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars.AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,es(225millionkilometers)awayfromEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelayof20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenanemergencyhappens."Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytooccur,"JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldTheGuardian.ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor."Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,"Johnsonsaid.Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.Thereareotherexamplesofteam"clowns".OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultjourney.fullofdanger.AdolfLindstrom,acookatAmundsen'steam,wasa"clown".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholejourney.AmundsenlaterwrotethatLindstromwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen."Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.WhatisNASA'snewjoblisting?A.Afunnyengineer.B.Atalentedclown.C.Agoodcook.D.Apopularcomedian.Whatdoes“aconfinedspace”inParagraph3refertoA.afullspaceB.anemptyspaceC.anopenspaceD.asmallspace.Howdoestheauthorthinkhumorcanhelpastronauts？Itcanstopthemfromfeelingbored.Itcanpromoteteamworkonamission.Itcanmakethemfeellesshomesick.Itcanhelpthemknowthemselvesbetter.What'stheauthor'spurposeofgivingtheexampleofthecook？A.Totellusthatwhatexplorerseatontheirjourneyisveryimportant.Toprovethatanamateurcanplayamoreimportantrolethanaprofessional.Tomakethepointthathumorouspeoplecancheerpeopleupindifficultsituations.TorevealthatamissiontoMarsismoredifficultthanajourneytotheSouthPole.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，由美國宇航局尋找一位幽默的工程師來和宇航員一起執(zhí)行航天任務(wù)介紹了幽默對宇航員的重要作用。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“"Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."”可知，美國宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程師，故A項(xiàng)正確。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“suchasonamissiontoMars,”可知，與在地球上生活的寬廣空間不同，在火星任務(wù)中，你需要和其他人一起在狹小的航天器內(nèi)生活很長一段時(shí)間，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“狹小的空間、有限的空間”，故D項(xiàng)正確。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether可知，幽默的人有能力把每個(gè)人都團(tuán)結(jié)在一起，也就是說幽默能夠促進(jìn)宇航員在任務(wù)中的團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，故B項(xiàng)正確。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress”可知，在壓力大的情況下，幽默是一種減壓的方式，第六段第一句話又說有很多團(tuán)隊(duì)小丑的例子，緊接著舉廚師的例子就是為了證明這一點(diǎn)，即：幽默的人能使人在困難的情況下振作起來，故C項(xiàng)正確。7.B【安徽省“江淮十校”2019-2020年高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考】AdisastrousfiresurroundedNotreDame巴黎圣母院）completelyanddestroyedlargepartsoftheGothic（哥特式的architectureonMonday“NotreDameisourhistory,ourliterature;partofourspirit,theplaceofallourgreatevents,ourwars,ourliberations,thecenterofourlives"FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacrontoldreportersinfrontofthestillburningParislandmarkandpromisedtorebuildNotreDameCathedral.“NotreDameisburning,andknowthesadnessandthistremblefeltbysomanyfellowFrenchpeople.Buttonight,I'dliketospeakofhopetoo,"hesaid,announcingthelaunchofafundraisingcampaign.“Let'sbeproud,becausewebuiltthiscathedralmorethan800yearsago,we'vebuiltitand,throughoutthecenturies,letitgrowandimproveit.SoIgravelysaytonight:wewillrebuildittogether,”headded.Thedisastrousfireengulfed（吞沒）theupperreachesofParis'toweringNotreDameCathedralasitwasundergoingrenovations（翻新）。TouristsandParisianslookedonhorrifiedfromthestreetsbelow.France'sInteriorMinistrysaidfirefightersmightnotbeabletosavethestructure.Thefirecollapsedthecathedrals＇spire尖頂）andspreadtooneofitslandmarktowers"Everythingisburning;nothingwillremainfromtheframe,"NotreDamespokesmanAndreFinottoldFrenchmedia.The12th-centurycathedralishometoincalculableworksofartandisoneoftheworld'smostfamoustouristattractions,immortalizedbyVictorHugo'1831novelTheHunchbackofNotreDame.Thecauseofthefirewasnotknown,butFrenchmediaquotedtheParisfirebrigade（消防隊(duì)）assayingthefireis“potentiallylinked"toa6million—euro（$6.88million）renovationprojectonthechurch'sspireandits250tonsoflead.OfficialsopenedaninvestigationasParispolicesaidtherewerenoreporteddeaths.Some400firefighterswerebattlingthefirewellintothenight.WhatEmmanuelMacronsaidmainlyshowsthat（）NotreDamewasthesymbolofParisinhistory.TheFrenchgovernmentaregoingtorebuildNotreDame.Ittookmorethan800yearstobuildNotreDame.Hewasdesperatewhenhemadetheannouncement.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?NotreDameCathedralwasburntdownentirely.Thestructurewaswellsavedbythefirefighters.Peoplewhowerekilledinthefirearesomefirefighters.Thefirewaslikelycausedbyarenovationprojectonthechurch'sspire.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?Thenovelmadethecathedralfamous.Thecathedralisrepeatedlymentionedinthenovel.Thenovelbecameabestsellerthankstothecathedral.Thenovelbecamemoremysteriousduetothecathedral.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinwritingthearticle?A.Disappointed.B.Humorous.C.Matter-of-fact.D.Critical.【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.C【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹了法國總統(tǒng)在燃燒的巴黎圣母院前的講話、巴黎圣母院的重要性、聞名原因以及對失火原因的調(diào)查。推理判斷題。由題干中“WhatEmmanuelMacronsaid"可將答案定位在文章2?4段內(nèi)。文章第二段中法國總統(tǒng)說的話是表示巴黎圣母院在人們心中的重要地位，由本段最后一句話可知，下邊兩段主要是總統(tǒng)表達(dá)了重建巴黎圣母院的信心。再由第三段尾句“announcingthelaunchofafhndraisingcampaign（宣布集資開始）”可知，總統(tǒng)就是想讓大家知道他們一定要重建巴黎圣母院。故選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的thefireis“potentiallylinked"toa6million-euro（$6.8million）renovationprojectonthechurch'sspireandits250tonsoflead.可知，這場大火與塔尖正在翻新的項(xiàng)目有關(guān)。故選D。詞句猜測題。immortalized意為“使永恒，使不朽，使名垂千古，。所以這句話的意思是雨果的《巴黎圣母院》這部小說使得巴黎圣母院作為旅游景點(diǎn)，永垂不朽。故選A。推理判斷題。綜合全文，可看出作者是在客觀描述大火以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人及市民的反應(yīng)。A.Disappointed失望的；B.Humorous幽默的；C.Matter-of-fact.事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上的；D.Critical批評的，故選C。8.B【2020屆8月貴州省貴陽市普通高中高三摸底】Astheoldsayinggoes,“Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.”Andneithershouldwejudgemoviestarsbytheirages.Atjust21，ElleFanningmadehistorybybecomingtheyoungestjury（評審團(tuán)）memberattheCannesFilmFestival.ThisyearitlastedfromMay14thtoMay25th.“Iwasincompletesh