信任知覺(jué)對(duì)注視線索效應(yīng)的調(diào)控作用,心理學(xué)碩士論文

信任知覺(jué)對(duì)注視線索效應(yīng)的調(diào)控作用,心理學(xué)碩士論文摘要面孔作為日常生活中一類極其重要的社會(huì)刺激，能夠傳達(dá)大量的社會(huì)性信息，如年齡、性別、情緒等。以往研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們能夠從面孔中快速提取信任信息，如張三值得信任，李四不值得信任。然而快速提取面孔信任信息在社會(huì)交互中的功能意義尚不清楚。本研究聚焦注意定向這一認(rèn)知功能，試圖通過(guò)考察面孔信任信息能否調(diào)節(jié)凝視線索導(dǎo)致的注意定向〔凝視線索效應(yīng)〕，來(lái)討論快速提取面孔信任信息在社會(huì)交互中的功能意義?；谇叭搜芯?，本研究提出兩種理論假設(shè)：〔1〕反射性假設(shè)，該假設(shè)以為凝視線索效應(yīng)是反射性的，即無(wú)論面孔信任度高低，別人凝視線索總能定向觀察者的注意；〔2〕靈敏性假設(shè)，該假設(shè)以為高信任度面孔能夠引發(fā)凝視線索效應(yīng)，而低信任度面孔則不能引發(fā)這種效應(yīng)，即面部外觀的可信度能夠調(diào)節(jié)凝視線索效應(yīng)。本文通過(guò)4個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)區(qū)分以上兩種理論可能，進(jìn)而回答提取面孔信任信息的功能意義問(wèn)題。本研究采用線索提示范式，分別以高信任度人臉和低信任度人臉作為線索。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，只要當(dāng)高信任度人臉作為凝視線索時(shí)，才會(huì)產(chǎn)生凝視線索效應(yīng)〔實(shí)驗(yàn)一和實(shí)驗(yàn)三〕，并且這種效應(yīng)并非由人臉刺激的低水平特征〔實(shí)驗(yàn)二〕引起，而是由面孔所包含的信任信息引起的〔實(shí)驗(yàn)四〕。綜上所述，本研究支持靈敏性假設(shè)，即面孔可信度調(diào)節(jié)凝視線索效應(yīng)。該結(jié)果表示清楚，視覺(jué)系統(tǒng)快速提取人臉信任信息的功能意義可能在于注意定向，進(jìn)而更好地完成社會(huì)交互。本文關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)：信任，共同注意，凝視線索效應(yīng)。AbstractFacesareextremelyimportantstimuliinsociallife,fromwhichpeoplecanobtaindiverseinformation〔e.g.,age,gender,emotion〕.Researchersfoundthatpeoplespontaneouslyformedstableimpressionsoftrustworthinessfromfacesrapidly.However,thefunctionalsignificanceofsuchmechanismsinsocialinteractionsremainsunclear.Inthepresentstudy,wefocusedonthefunctionofattentionalorienting.Weexploredthefunctionalsignificanceoftrustinformationextractionbyexaminingwhetheritmodulatesattentionalorienting〔theflexiblehypothesis〕ornot〔thereflexivehypothesis〕.ParticipantsperformedaPosnerscue-targettask.Wetookthefacesratedfortrustworthinessbyanothergroupbeforehandasexperimentalstimuli〔more-trustworthyvs.less-trustworthy〕.Resultsshowedthatthegazecueingeffectoccurredinthemore-trustworthyconditionbutnotintheless-trustworthycondition〔Experiments1and3〕,whichwasduetothetrustinformationinfaces〔Experiment4〕insteadoflow-levelcharacteristicsofthefacestimuli〔Experiments2〕.Theresultssupportedtheflexiblehypothesis,demonstratingthatthetrustworthinessoffacialappearancemodulatedattentionalorientingingazefollowing.Thesefindingsimpliedthatthefunctionalsignificanceofthequicksketchoftrustworthinessmightlieinattentionalorienting,thusbenefitsoursocialinteractions.KeyWords：Trustworthiness;Jointattention;Gazecueingeffect。文章為碩士論文，如需全文請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊底部下載全文鏈接】1.1、凝視追隨效應(yīng)的相關(guān)研究及基本范式1.2、凝視線索效應(yīng)的反射性1.3、凝視線索效應(yīng)的可調(diào)控性1.4、當(dāng)下研究.第二章實(shí)驗(yàn).2.1、被試2.2、儀器和實(shí)驗(yàn)刺激.2.3、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì).2.4、實(shí)驗(yàn)一結(jié)果.2.4.1、數(shù)據(jù)分析2.4.2、結(jié)果.第三章實(shí)驗(yàn)二3.1、被試3.2、儀器和實(shí)驗(yàn)刺激.3.3、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì).3.4、實(shí)驗(yàn)二結(jié)果3.4.1、數(shù)據(jù)分析.3.4.2、結(jié)果.第四章實(shí)驗(yàn)三4.1、被試4.2、儀器和實(shí)驗(yàn)刺激.4.3、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì).4.4、實(shí)驗(yàn)三結(jié)果.4.4.1、數(shù)據(jù)分析4.4.2、結(jié)果第五章實(shí)驗(yàn)四5.1、被試5.2、儀器和實(shí)驗(yàn)刺激.5.3、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì).5.4、實(shí)驗(yàn)四結(jié)果5.4.1、數(shù)據(jù)分析5.4.2、結(jié)果.第六章總討論.6.1、對(duì)支持靈敏性假講證據(jù)的進(jìn)一步講明6.2、面孔傳達(dá)的可信度信息對(duì)注意線索效應(yīng)的調(diào)6.3、面孔可信度與凝視線索效應(yīng)的互相作用，6.4、面孔可信度調(diào)節(jié)凝視線索效應(yīng)的功能意義.6.5、將來(lái)的研究方向，6.6、結(jié)論綜上所述，本研究表示清楚，面孔的信任度調(diào)節(jié)凝視引發(fā)的注意效應(yīng)，證實(shí)了靈敏性假設(shè)。這些結(jié)果表示清楚，由凝視線索誘導(dǎo)的注意力定向不僅僅僅是一種反射性的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移，而是以一種靈敏的方式使用，支持自上而下的加工。人類對(duì)面孔信任信息進(jìn)行快速提取的功能意義，可能在于促進(jìn)空間注意。以下為參考文獻(xiàn)Alexander,T，Baron,S.G,OosterhofN.N.(2008).Evaluatingfacetrustworthines:amodelbasedapproach.SocialCognitiveandAffectiveNeuroscience,3(2),119-127.Baron-Cohen,S.(1994).Howtobuildababythatcanreadminds:Cognitivemechanismsinmindreading.CurrentPsychologvofCognition,13;513-552.Baron-Cohen，S.(1997).Mindblindness:Anessayonautismandtheory;ofmind(revisededition).Bradford.Bayliss,A.P,Frischen,A,Fenske,M.J,Tippe,S.P.(2007).Affectiveevaluationsofobjectsareinfluencedbyobservedgazedirectionandemotionalexpression.Cogniton104(3),644-653.Bayliss,A.P,Paul,M.A,Cannon,P.R,Tipper,S.P.(2006).Gazecuingandaffectivejudgmentsofobjects:Ilikewhatyoulookat.PsychonomicBulleinReview.13(6),1061-1066.Bayliss,A.P，Tipper,S.P.(2021).Predictivegazecuesandpersonalityjudgements:Shouldeyetrustyou?PsychologicalScience,17(6),514-520.Bocklr,A,Knoblich,G,Sebanz,N.(2011).Observingsharedattentitonmodulatesgazefollowing.Cognition,120,292-298.Brandes-Aitken,A,Braren,S,Gandhi,J,Pery,RE,Rowe-Harriott,S,Blair,C.(2020).Jointattentionpartiallymediatesthelongitudinalrelationbetweenattunedcaregivingandexecutivefunctionsforlow-incomechildren.DevelopmentalPsychology,56(10),1829-1841.Capozzi,F.,Bayliss,A.P.,Elena,M.R.,Becchio,C.(2020).Oneisnotenough:Groupsizemodulatessocialgaze-inducedobjectdesirabilityeffects.PsychonomicBulletinReview,22(3),850-855.Capozzi,F.,Becchio,C.,Willemse,C.,Bayliss,A.P.(2021).Followersarenotfollowed:Observedgroupinteractionsmodulatesubsequentsocialattention.JournalofExperimentalPsychology:General,145(5),531-535.Colombatto,C.,Chen,Y.C.,Scholl,B.J.(2020).Gazedeflectionrevealshowgazecueingistunedtoextractthemindbehindtheeyes.ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,117(33),19825-19829.Dalmaso,M.,Pavan,G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