2023年英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況自考試卷

絕密★考試結(jié)束前 全國(guó)4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題課程代碼：00522請(qǐng)考生按規(guī)定用筆將所有試題旳答案涂、寫(xiě)在答題紙上。選擇題部分注意事項(xiàng)：1．答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己旳考試課程名稱、姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用黑色字跡旳簽字筆或鋼筆填寫(xiě)在答題紙規(guī)定旳位置上。2．每題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題紙上對(duì)應(yīng)題目旳答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦潔凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在試題卷上。I．MULTIPLECHOICEReadthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion,Blackentheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(50points,1pointforeach)1.TherearethreedicisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:Englan,ScotlandandWales.A.socialB.culturalC.religiousD.political2.,amongtheBritishmonarchs,wasregardedas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy.”A.HenryⅡB.HenryⅧC.AlfredtheGreatC.WilliamtheConqueror3.TheCeltictribesareNOTancestorsofthe.A.IrishB.WelshC.EnglishD.HighlandScots4.TheRomansremainedincontrolofBritainforaboutyears.A.100B.200C.300D.4005.OneparticularfeafureofthefeudalsystemofEnglandwasthatalllandownerstookoathofallegianceforthelandtheyheld.A.totheirimmediatelord,butnottothekingB.totheking,butnottotheirimmediatelordC.neithertotheirimmediatelordnortothekingD.notonlytotheirimmediatelordbutalsototheking6.TheMagnaCartahadaltogether63clauses,ofwhichthemostimportantoneswerethefollowingEXCEPTthat.A.notaxshouldbemadewithouttheapprovaloftheGrandCouncilB.theChurchshouldpossessallitsrighstogetherwithfreedomofelectionsC.LondonandothertownsshouldgiveuptheirancientrightsandprivilegesD.nofreemanshouldbearrested,imprisoned,ordeprivedofhispropertyexceptbythelawoftheland7.ThenameoftheHundredYears’War(1337-1453)isgiventotheintermittentwarbetween.A.FranceandEnglandB.SpainandEnglanC.GermanyandEnglandD.AmericaandEngland8.ThePeasantUprisingof1381inBritain.A.wasbrutallysuppressedB.wasagreatsuccessinEnglishhistoryC.hinderedthedevelopmentofcapitalismD.hadlittlesignificanceinEnglishhistory9.treated5questions-herreligion,hermarriage,herforeignpolicy,hersuccessiontothethrone,andherfinance-aspersonalandprivate.A.ElizabethⅠB.ElizabethⅡC.MaryStuartD.MaryTudor10.Thelastedintermittentlyfor30years.A.CivilWarB.FirstWorldWarC.WarsoftheRoesC.SecondWorldWar11.wasresponsiblefortheEnglishReformationinBritishhistory.A.ElizabethⅠB.HenryⅧC.AlfredtheGreatD.WilliamtheConqueror12.ThemostfamousliteraryworkwrittenbyJohnMitoninthelate17thcenturywas.A.ParadiselostB.JuliusCaesarB.Dr.FaustusD.Pilgrim’sprogress13.TheBillofRights(1689)wasfinallyacceptedbythusmarkingthebeginningoftheageconstitutionalmonarchy.A.JamesⅠB.JamesⅡC.CharlesⅡD.WilliamandMary14.Agriculturalchangesinthelate18thcenturyBritainwerecausedbythefollowingExcept.A.theenclosureActsB.RobertBakewell’sselectivebreedingC.smallfarmscultivatedonthe“open-field”D.newagriculturalmachineryinventedbyJethroTull15.ThetwoeventswhichmostalarmedtheBritishrulingclassesintheclosingdecadesofthe18thcenturywere.A.theEnlightenmentandFrenceRevolutionB.theIndustrialRevotutionandFrenchRevolutionC.theAmericanWarofIndependenceandFrenchRevolutionD.theHundredYears’WarandtheAmericanWarofIndependence16.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,theAlliesincluded.A.France,ItalyandTurkeyB.Britain,FranceandRussiaC.GermanyandAustria-HungaryD.Britain,GermanyandAustriap-Hungary17.AstheoldestBritishinstitution,thehaslastedformorethan1000years.A.CabinetB.MonarchyC.ParliamentD.PrivyConcil18.London’sMetropolitanPoliceForceisdirectlyunderthecontrolof.A.LordChancellorB.MinistryofJusticeC.theHomeSecretaryD.theAttorneyGeneral19.Awhopracticeswith7000patientsormoreinEnglandmayapplyforfundholdingstatus.A.barristerB.professorC.magistrateD.generalpractitioner20.Accordingtothetextbook,theBritishpublicreadsmorethanvirtuallyanyothercountryintheworld.A.novelsB.magazinesC.newspapersD.scientificessays21.Accordingtothetextbook,thefivemostpopulouscitiesintheUnitedStatesare.A.NewYork,LosAngeles,Chicago,MiamiandDetroitB.NewYork,Chicago,LosAngeles,PittsburghandPhiladelphiaC.NewYork,LosAngeles,Chicago,NewOrleansandPhiladelphiaD.NewYork,LosAngeles,Chicago,SanFranciscoandPhiladelphia22.livedonthelandbyhunting,gathering,fishingandfarmingevenbeforethediscoveryoftheNewWorld.A.ThePuritansB.TheIndiansC.ThePilgrimsD.Theblackslaves23.TheresultoftheWarwithMexicowasthat.A.TexaswasaddedtotheUnionB.theUnitedStatespaid10milliondollarstoMexicoC.MexicoagreedtogiveLouisianatotheUnitedStatesD.MexicowasforcedtoagreetogiveCaliformiaandNewMexicototheUnitedStates24.TheAmericanCivilWarendedinandcostAmerican618,000lives.A.1861B.1863C.1865D.187325.wasNOTamongthecontentsofPresidentRoosevelt’sNewDeal.A.CancellationoffederallaborlawsB.EstablishingsocialsecuritysystemsC.StimulatingtherecoveryofindustryandagricultureD.Strengtheninggovernmentregulationandcontrolofbanking,creditandcurrencysystems26.TheleadersoftheUnitedStates,theSovietUnionandmetthreetimesduringtheSecondWorldWar.A.FranceB.BritainC.JapanD.Germany27.Throughanexecutiveorderin1947startedtheviolationoftheBillofRightsandwidespreadpersecutionofCommunistsandprogressivepeople.A.PresidentTrumanB.SenatorMcCarthyC.GeneralMarshallD.GeorgeKennan28.ThegreatimpactsoftheVietnamWaronAmericansocietyincludedthefollowingEXCEPTthat.A.therewasgreatunitywithintherulingcircleB.theimageoftheUnitedStateswasdiscreditedC.theUnitedStateswasweakenedbecauseofthelongwarD.peopleweredividedintheirattitudestowardsAmericansociety29.wasthebeginningofAmericaninvolvementinVietnam.A.Japanesesurrenderin1945B.TheoutbreakoftheKoreanWarC.TheFrenchinvasionofIndochinaD.Truman’sdecisiontosendmilitaryaidtoVietnamtosupporttheFrench30.WhichstatementabouttheU.S.economyisNOTtrue?A.Itisbothaneconomicandtechnologicalgiant.B.TheU.S.isbyfarthebiggestindustrialcountryintheworld.C.Itisfirstinsuchadvancedfieldsascomputers,space,nuclearenergyandelectronics.D.Itproducesamajorportionoftheworld’sindustrialproductsanditsshareisgrowingrapidly.31.IntheU.S.produceabout85%ofthetotaloutputofgoodsandservices.A.stare-runenterisesB.governmententerprisesC.peopleinindependentprofessionalpracticeD.theprivatelyownedandoperatedbusinesses32.U.S.Govermentinvolvementintheeconomyincreaseddramaticallyduringthe.A.GreatDepressionB.periodofprosperityC.SecondWorldWarD.ProgressiveMovement33.WhichstatementabouttheU.S.ConstitutionisNOTtrue?A.TheConstitutionisthesupremelawoftheland.B.TheAmericanConstitutionistheoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworld.C.TheConstitutionwasdrawnupin1787andwentintoeffectinthesameyear.D.TheConstitutionhasprovidedthebasisforitspoliticalstability,economicgrowthandsocialprogress.34.Inordertomakesurethanthenewgovernmentwouldnotmisuseitspowers,thewritersoftheConstitutionsetupasystemofintheformofseparationofpowers.A.winner-take-allB.mutualsupervisonC.checksandbalancesD.voluntarysupervision35.Generally,thenumberofpresidentialelectorsintheU.S.isthenumberofSenatorsandRepresentativeseachstatehasinCongress.A.equaltoB.lessthanC.morethanD.10%morethan36.ThereisacertaindegreeofsimilarityintheU.S.elementaryschoolcurriculun,whichmainlyconsistsofmasteryofthe“basics”,suchas.A.reading,writingandarithmeticB.science,visualartsandgrammarC.science,historyandmusicD.reading,writingandmusic37.Intheearly1900s,thekindoftwo-yearcollegesthatemergedtomeettheimmediateneedoftheeconomicexpansionandrapidinimmigrantsofthetimeswasthe.A.liberalartscollegeB.communitycollegeC.researchuniversityD.doctoraluniversity38.isahistorical,nationalandreligiousholidaythatbeganwiththePilgrims.A.ChristmasdayB.ThanksgivingDayC.NewYear’sDayD.Valentine’sDay39.isregardedasMarkTwain’smasterwork.A.TheGildedAgeB.LifeontheMississippiC.TheAdventuresofTomSawyerD.TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn40.wasthespokesmanforthe“LostGeneration’.A.ErnestHemingwayB.T.S.EliotC.TheodoreDreiserD.RichardWright41.MontrealbecameamajorportinCanadabecauseitis.A.nexttoOttawaB.nexttothecityofQuebecC.intheprovinceofQuebecD.onanislandintheSt.LawremceRiver42.Accordingtothetextbook,Canadaisacountrywithapopulationof26,300,000.A.large/largeB.small/largeC.large/smallD.small/small43.In1885,theCanadianPacificRailwaywascompletedandthecountrywaslinked.A.fromnorthtosouthB.fromcoasttocoastC.withtheUnitedStatesD.withSouthAmerica44.Thereisofficiallanguage(s)inIreland.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four45.In1948,IrelandvoteditselfthecommonweathandonApril18,1949declareditselfarepublic.A.intoB.outofC.apartofD.amemberof46.Australia’sEasternHighlandsarebetterknownas.A.theDividingRangeB.theGreatBarrierC.theGreatDividingRangeD.theGreatBarrierRange47.In1996,Australia’spopulationisabout18millionoraboutpeopletothesquarekilometer.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five48.InrecentyearsAustraliangovernmentshaveencouragedpeoplewithdifferentethnicbackgroundstoandthispolicyiscalledmulticulturalism.A.changetheirculturesB.keeptheirownculturesC.learnfromotherculturesD.giveuptheirowncultures49.TherearealloverNewzealand.A.bogsB.desertsC.wetlandsD.mountains50.WaitangiDayisNewZealand’s.A.LaborDayB.NationalDayC.NewYear’sDayD.IndependenceDay非選擇題部分注意事項(xiàng)：用黑色字跡旳簽字筆或鋼筆將答案寫(xiě)在答題紙上，不能答在試題卷上。Ⅱ.SHORTANSWERQUESTIONSGivea