初中英語語法-英語從句總結(jié)

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載初中英語語法總結(jié)（從句）從句分為定語從句，狀語從句和名詞從句三大類。定語從句又分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，修飾主句的某個成分?；鹫Z從句分為時間、結(jié)果、讓步、原因、條件及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語、賓語、表語和同位語從句及therebe句型。主系表結(jié)構(gòu)、主謂（賓）結(jié)構(gòu)、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)是英語的三大基本句式，無論一個句子有多長、多復(fù)雜，它總是屬于這三大句式中的一種。學(xué)習(xí)基本句式，句子成分是一個關(guān)鍵的概念，它是指句子的組成單位，不同的句式由不同的句子成分組成。如：主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的成分有主語、系動詞、表語；主謂（賓）結(jié)構(gòu)的成分有主語、謂語、賓語；therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的主要成分是主語。英語中的句子成分主要有：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語，等等。這些句子成分可以由單詞、詞組或句子充當(dāng)，當(dāng)這些成分由句子充當(dāng)時，我們就有了相應(yīng)的從句，如：充當(dāng)主語成分的句子為主語從句，充當(dāng)賓語成分的句子為賓語從句，等等。英語從句三大類型按一般說法，可分為三大類14種從句。一，名詞性從句主語從句Whetherit'srightornotremainstobeseen.賓語從句Iwonderwhetherit'srightornot.同位語從句Thisisaquestionwhetherit'srightornot.表語從句Thequestioniswhetherit'srightornot.

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載二，定語從句限定性定語從句SheisthestudentwhocanspeakEnglishwell.非限定性定語從句Sheisthestudent,whocanspeakEnglishwell.三，狀語從句時間狀語從句Thefactwillcomeoutwhenhecomeshere.地點狀語從句Youcangowhereveryoulike.原因狀語從句Paymoreattentiontoyourlessonsbecauseyouareastudent.4方式狀語從句Hewalksasifhewereaking.目的狀語從句ShewenttoJapansothatshecouldlearnJapanesewell.結(jié)果狀語從句ShewenttoJapansothatshelearnedJapanesewell.條件狀語從句Iwillunderstanditifhetellsme.讓步狀語從句Heknowsalotthoughheislittle.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載1.定語從句Therearesomeoldbooksinthebox.TheboydressedinblueisfromAmerica.>分清幾個概念：先行詞與關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。先行詞是指定語從句所修飾的中心詞；關(guān)系代詞主要有who,whom,whose,which,that;關(guān)系副詞主要有when,where,why。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有兩個作用，一是連接主句和從句的作用，二是在定語從句中做成分。■定語從句分為：限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句，限定性定語從句如果去掉會影響句子意義的完整性，非限定性定語從句即使去掉也不會影響句子意義的完整性，如：Julyisthemonthwhenwehavealotofrain.Therearemanyplays(that)I,dliketosee.Themeetingwasputoff,whichsurprisedusalot.ThisnoteisleftbyMary,whowashereamomentago.L非限定性定語從句，其作用為：對所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步的說明，它與主句用逗號隔開。此類從句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定語從句中，which可代表前面的整個句子；代表人時只能用who,whom，而不能用that；as也可用作關(guān)系代詞。例如：.Thetelephone，asweknow，wastheinventionofAlexanderGrahamBell..FranklinD.Roosevelt,whodiedthereonApril12,1945..Livinginadamp(潮濕的)houseforalongtimeisharmfultoone,shealth,whichisknowntoeveryone.2限定性定語從句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在從句中作主語或賓語。that作賓語時?？墒÷?，which則不能，而且其后的“不及物動詞+介詞''中的介詞不能省略。which作賓語時，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能省。例如：.Thefirstdollthatcouldsay“mama”wasinventedin1830..Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart,duringwhichhesailedroundtheCapeHorn合恩角.>代表all,anything,something,nothing,much等詞時，用that而不用which,that作賓語可省略。例如：1.Icareanythingthathassomethingtodowithit.2.You'dbetterdosomethinghepreferstodotopleasehim.3.Thatisthelasttimewemeteachother.4.Icameacrossthewomanyoutoldmeaboutyesterday.>who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句的主語和賓語。where是關(guān)系副詞，用于表示地點的定語從句，而when用來表示時間。whose

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞作定語。例如：.HenryFordisthepersonwhoismostresponsiblefordevelopingtheideaofmassproduction..Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg..Thenextmorning,whenshecamedowntobreakfast,Marywasbeamingwiththepleasureofanew，greatdiscovery..Thevisitingprofessorisafamousscientistwhosesonstudiesinmydepartment.>注意幾點：that可替代who,whom（指人），也可替代which（指物）whose既可指人又可指物引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞緊跟介詞做從句的賓語時，不用that,只用which//不能用which,只能用that的情況.…幾個例子：Isshethegirlthat/whosellsflowers?Thetrainthat/whichhasjustleftisforXi,an.Thepeople（who/that/whom）youweretalkingtowereRussians.ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.Ihavenevermettheboywhosemotherisafamousactress.Mybookisonthetablewhoselegsarebroken.HewenttoChinain1945,whentheWarWorldIIwasover.Look,thisisthehousewherethewriterwasborn.Thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledawrench（扳手）.2.狀語從句Heswimsfast.Nervous,heopenedtheletter.Legsbroken,thesoldiercrawledbackhome.Sheusedtostayupuntilmidnight.Withabookinhishand,theteachercamein.>狀語從句可分為：時間狀語從句（主要由when,whenever,after,before,a5,since,once,until,while等連詞引導(dǎo)），結(jié)果狀語從句（由so…that和such…that連接），讓步狀語從句（由though,although,nomatter,evenif,however,whatever等詞引導(dǎo)），原因狀語從句（由as,because,since和for引導(dǎo)），條件狀語從句（由if,whether,aslongas,providedthat等詞引導(dǎo)），地點狀語從旬（由where引導(dǎo)），行為方式狀語從句（由as引導(dǎo)）。有時條件狀語從句中，主句不可以用將來時，而用一般時代替。>狀語從句中的“主語+be”可以省略，前提是：從句主語和主句主語一致，且從句謂語“be”省略后的結(jié)構(gòu)為“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞介詞短語/形容詞/名詞短語”。）例如：1.Ifnecessary,Iwouldliketoseeyouinyouroffice.

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2.Althoughseriouslywounded,henevercomplained.條件狀語從句：Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.(除非,若不；相當(dāng)于if---not)IP：Ifyouaretootired,we’llnotgooutforawalk.Youmayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean. (只要，表示條件的唯一性)Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains. (以防---，以免---)Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.(條件是---))Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?(如果,假如)Hewon'tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovided/providingthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.(假如，除非以……為條件))Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.L旦---就--)方式狀語從句方式狀語從句通常由as,(just)as...so...,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)。as,(just)as...so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)as...so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如…“，"就像“，多用于正式文體，例如：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。asif,asthough兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的”，例如：Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverexisted.他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)說明：asif/asthough也可以引導(dǎo)一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。比較狀語從句Youseemtoknowmusicaswellasyouknowastronomy（天文學(xué)）.（as---as結(jié)構(gòu)）

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Therewasnogardensolovelyashisinthiscity.（noso---as結(jié)構(gòu)）Finallyhehasmadeasmuchmoneyashewanted.（as+adj+n.+as結(jié)構(gòu)）Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.（thesameas結(jié)構(gòu)）Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.（such---as結(jié)構(gòu)）Shestudiesmorediligentlythanherclassmates.（morethan結(jié)構(gòu)）Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.（否定詞和比較級連用表示最高級含義。）Thisteacherexplainedtheproblemmoreclearlythananyotherteacher.（比較級與“anyotherone”連用表示最高級含義。）Themoreyouread,thebetterwillyouwrite.（themore——themore結(jié)構(gòu)）11）Heearnednomorethan800dollarsamonth.他一個月只掙800美元。（no+比較級+than結(jié)構(gòu)）.3.名詞從句名詞從句包括主語從句、賓語從句，其中有介詞與形容詞的賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。1）主語從句Heisateacher.LearningEnglishwellcouldtakeyoualotoftime.a.由what、wh-ever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句，一般放在句首，不能用it做形式主語：WhatIwanttoknowishisaddress.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.Whatevershedidwasright.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.b.由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，在大多數(shù)情況下，這個從句都放在句子后部,而用代詞it作形式上的主語：ThatImaynotbeabletocomeispossible.=ItispossiblethatImaynotbeabletocome.Thatweneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.=Itisobviousthatweneedmoreequipment.Thathewillrefusetheofferisunlikely.=Itisunlikelythathewillrefusetheoffer.三個固定句型（屬于此類）：It+名稱+that：Itisapitythatwecan,tgo.It+形容詞+that：ItisclearthatTomhasreturned.It+過去分詞+that：Itissaid/believed/reported/knownthat….學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載c.由連接代詞或連接副詞(或whether)引導(dǎo)的主語從句，這個從句可以直接放在句首作主語，也可放到句子后部去，前面用it作形式主語：Whichisthebetterchoiceisobvious.=Itisobviouswhichisthebetterchoice.Whowillgoforthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.=Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillgoforthemeeting.Wherehe10sthisgoldwatchremainedamystery.=Itremainedamysterywherehelosthisgoldwatch..Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetisstillaquestion.=Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.Whetherhewilljoinuswon’tmakemuchdifference.=Itwon’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherhewilljoinus.Whythe01dmanwenttothecastleisstillunknown.=Itisstillunknownwhytheoldmanwenttothecastle.Howhehadmanagedtoachievesomuchatsuchayoungagefascinatedmanypeople.=Itfascinatedmanypeoplehowhehadmanagedtoachievesomuchatsuchayoungage.2)賓語從句HelikesChineseverymuch.I,msurprisedathisyoungage.a?由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，一般做動詞的賓語，that可以省略Thelettersays(that)theyareleavingonthe13thIdon,tdoubt(that)theywillbeabletoovercomethedifficulties.SheremindedmethatIhadameetingtoattendthatevening.b.由what，who，which,how，where，when,whether(if)等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，既可以做動詞的賓語，又可以做介詞的賓語Idon,tknowwhetherthesefiguresareaccurate.I,llreadwhicheverbookyourecommend.I,llshowyouwhatIhaveputdowninmynote-bookHassheinformedyouwhentheyaretoholdthemeeting.Shewasneversatisfiedwithwhatshehadachieved.Whetherthatisagoodsolutiondependsonhowyou100katit.c.在某些句型中，特別是帶符合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的從句常常移到后部去，前面用it做形式賓語Weallthoughtitapitythattheconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled.Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.d.在“be+形容詞”這類結(jié)構(gòu)后，that引導(dǎo)的從句，有些在概念上接近賓語，而在結(jié)構(gòu)上卻接近狀語

學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載I,mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.Wearesurethatweshallsuccess.Wearefullyconfidentthatwecanovercomethedifficulties.I,mnotsurewhethershewouldliketheidea.^一些表語性的形容詞，如:alarmed,amazed,annoyed,astonished,certain,confident,disappointed,glad,pleased,proud,sad,shocked,sure,surprised,worried,ect.做表語時，后面可跟由that,how等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如：1.Iwasamazedhowhecouldpasstheexamwithoutattendingthelectures.2.HeisconfidentthathewillpasstheBand6examination.3.Shewassurprisedhowsimplehisproblemis.4.Weareallpleasedthathewillbeabletopassthefinalexamination.3）表語從句Heiskind./Heisateacher.TheSmithsarefromAustralia.Thisiswhereourbasicinterestlies.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.WhatIreallywhattoknowishowyouhavemanagedtoremember1000wordswithinanhour.表語從句對主語的內(nèi)容起解釋和闡述的作用；若表語從句用that引起，that起連接作用，不能省略。表語從句也可用連接詞how,when,where,why,what引起。由because引起