初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)

初中英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實(shí)條件句，這種情況下謂語用陳述語氣。如：Iftimepermits,we'llgofishingtogether.如果?時(shí)間允許，我們就一起去釣魚。如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如：Ifyouhadcomeyesterday,youwouldhavemetthatfamousprofessor.如果?你昨天來，你就會(huì)見到那位著名的教授了。(隱含的事實(shí)是：你昨天沒來，也沒見到那位著名教授)。虛擬語氣的基本形式和用法在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，主從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。.含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句wish(wouldrather)+賓語從句suggest(…)+賓語從句.主語從句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(shou⑹+do表語從句S+isthat+s+(should)+do同位語從句S+that+s+(should)+do.定語從句Itis(high)timethat+S+did用過去式表現(xiàn)在情況.時(shí)態(tài)后退型用過去完成式表過去兩種形式 用過去將來表將來.should+動(dòng)詞原形型內(nèi)容詳述.含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句(以do為例5=主語)時(shí)間條件狀語從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+S+did… S+would/should/could/might+d?！c過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+S+haddone…S+would/should/could/might+havedone…與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) did…If+SshoulddoweretodoS+would/should/could/might+d?！⒁馐马?xiàng)：1、倒裝句。如果1條件句中含有功能詞had,should,were時(shí)，可以省去用把功能詞提前，構(gòu)成倒裝句。2、錯(cuò)綜條件句。若條件句和主句動(dòng)作不存在同一個(gè)時(shí)間，則謂語形式應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況而定。3、Ifthereweren't/hadnotbeen+???=without…4、Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn'tbeenfor-=butfor…5、otherwise+虛擬語氣的句子6、虛擬語氣的句子，but+陳述事實(shí)的句子.虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中sb.did…（希望現(xiàn)在用過去式）wish+thatsb.haddone…（希望過去用過去完成灰）sb.would/shoulddo（希望將來用過去將來）wouldrather后的從句要用虛擬語氣。時(shí)間從句虛擬現(xiàn)在 were,did（動(dòng)詞一般過去式）虛擬過去 haddone虛擬將來 did（動(dòng)詞一般過去式）例：IwouldratherIhadn’tsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.（虛擬過去）I'dratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrowmorning.（虛擬將來）I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.（虛擬現(xiàn)在）suggest+（that）S+should+d?！硎驹竿⒔ㄗh、請(qǐng)求等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句，謂語用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should常常省略。這類詞有：decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,recommend,requested,require等。注意：suggest當(dāng)“建議”講時(shí)，其賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)“暗示、表明”時(shí)，用陳述語氣insist當(dāng)堅(jiān)持“看法或建議”時(shí)，賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當(dāng)堅(jiān)持“某個(gè)事實(shí)”時(shí)，用陳述語氣。判斷改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.（對(duì)）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.（錯(cuò)）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.（對(duì)）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.III.虛擬語氣用在主語從Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。Itis可用的詞有三類that （should）dosuggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等apity,ashame,nowonder等/、虛擬語氣用在同位語從句中。某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞后同位語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice,suggestion,proposal（提議），order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation（推薦）,plan,resolution（決議），idea等。eg.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion（should）beputoff、V、虛擬語氣用在表語從句中。某些表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等主觀意向的名詞作主語時(shí)，表語從句需用虛擬語氣，其表達(dá)形式為（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞常見的有：advice,suggestion,proposal,order,demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。eg.Mysuggestionisthatthemayor（should）presenttheprizes.VI、虛擬語氣用在定語從句中Itis（about/high）time+thatsb.didsth/shoulddosth..eg.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewewenthome?注：在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat、、、句型中，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用陳述語氣完成時(shí)態(tài)。eg.IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong?VII.虛擬語氣用在讓步、方式、目的狀語從句中1、在帶有evenif/eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動(dòng)詞形式與含有非真實(shí)條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如：Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。2、由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示比較或方式時(shí)。從句謂語形式為動(dòng)詞的過去式(be用were)或“had+過去分詞”。如：HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那樣對(duì)待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit,她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?，就好像她確實(shí)看過一樣。3、虛擬語氣用在lest(唯恐、免得)，forfearthat及incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中。在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中需用虛擬語氣，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其謂語動(dòng)詞多由should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，should也可省略。eg.Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain、丫^虛擬語氣用情感語言中1、虛擬語氣在表示客氣、遺憾以及祝愿等場(chǎng)合中，使用虛擬語氣。eg.Youshouldn'thavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely；youshouldhavekeptyourdistance、2、Ifonlysb./sth.+時(shí)態(tài)后退型的謂語eg.IfonlyIhadknowntheresultoftheexamination.IX.虛擬語氣的特殊用法：.清掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…).有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,hewould...).有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor,sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.虛擬語氣練習(xí)題：Ifyouwereoldenough,Iyoutogothereyesterday.A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowedThesecretarysuggestedthattheythemeninatonce.A.hadbrought B.shouldhavebrought C.broughtD.bringIyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.A.Was B.Hadbeen C.Willbe D.WereItisstrangethatsuchathinginyourclass.A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happenedHowIwishItorepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtried B.hadn'ttried C.havetried D.didn'ttryIfhetotheteacherattentively,hetheanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknowC.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknowIwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseIyourbirthdayparty.A.attended B.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattendedIfonlyIhowtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.A.hadknown B.wouldknow C.shouldknowD.knewThetwostrangerstalksasiftheyfriendsforyears.A.were B.wouldbe C.havebeen D.hadbeenItishightimeweupourresults.A.sum B.summed C.willsum D.wouldsum11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohnnomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.A.willtake B.took C.take D.takesButfortheguidanceofourinstructor（導(dǎo)師）,weintheexperiment.A.shouldn,tsucceed B.couldnothavesucceededC.willnotsucceed D.shouldnothavesucceededIt’sabouttimepeoplenoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtakeShecouldn'thaveansweredthequestionifsheafewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’treadIsn’titabouttimethatyoutopickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?A.hadgoneB.shouldgoC.go D.willgoTheyoungmaninsistedthathenothingwrongandfreeimmediately.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbesetYouradvicethattillnextweekisreasonable.A.shewaits B.shewait C.waitshe D.shewaitedItwasessentialthatwelease（條約、合同）beforetheendofthemonth.A.sign B.signed C.hadsignedD.weresigning

IwishthatIwithyoulastnight.A.went B.havegone C.couldgo D.couldhavegoneHespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifheaChinese.A.were B.hadbeen C.is D.hasbeenawayforages.D.hadbeenTOC\o"1-5"\h\zLookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheA.hasbeen B.was C.isawayforages.D.hadbeenItisimportantthattheTOEFLofficeyourregistration.A.willconfirm B.confirm C.confirms D.mustconfirmIfIhadseenthemovie,Iyouallaboutitnow.A.wouldtell B.willtell C.havetold D.wouldhavetoldIhadhopedthatJohnayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.A.spends B.spent C.wouldspend D.willspendI’dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.do B.didn’tdo C.don’t D.didn’tEverybodyhasarrived.It’stimewe theclass.A.shallstartB.wouldstart C.hadstartedD.shouldstarttheEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSundayA.Inspiteof B.Butfor C.Becauseof D.AsforWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken29.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifsheafewbooksonworldhistory.A.hadn’tread B.hasn’tread C.wouldn’tread D.didn’treadThesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesunroundtheearth.A.werecircling B.circles C.iscircling D.becirclingthefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.ButforButfortheguidanceofourinstructor（導(dǎo)師）,we_ __intheexperiment.A.shouldn’tsucceed B.couldnothavesucceedC.willnotsucceed D.shouldnothavesucceededTheLawrequiresthateveryone hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.has B.had Cwillhave D.haveIrecommendedthatthestudent hiscompositionassoonaspossible.A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwritingIwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butIyourphonenumberthen.A.hadn’thadB.didn’thave C.shouldn’thave D.couldn’thaveWithoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe37.IwishIyouyesterday.A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,youallrightnow.A.are B.were C.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen.today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhethereA.hadbeen B.hasbeenC.was D.been.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater.Itlooksasifit.A.breaks B.hadbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroke