BEC商務英語(高級)閱讀模擬試卷51(題后含答案及解析)

BEC商務英語（高級）閱讀模擬試卷51(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.PARTONE2.PARTTWO3.PARTTHREE4.PARTFOUR5.PARTFIVE6.PARTSIXPARTONEAJharkhand,astatethattraditionallyhasfocusedonagriculture,isattractingbiginternationalinvestorsasthecostsoflandandlabourriseincoastalregions.In2007alone,187newforeignenterpriseshadestablishedpresencesinthestate.Jharkhand’smaindraw—lowwagesandcheapland—willcontinuetoprovideincentivesforForeignDirectInvestmentintheyearstocome.ThestatecapitalRanchi，asix-hourbusridefromKolkata,accountsforabout30percentofthetotalinvestmentinthestate.BVietnamwillcontinuetoinvestheavilyinitsagriculturalfuture.Riceisthemajorproductofthecountry,andVietnam’sever-growingfooddemandswillseethatcropyieldswillneedtobeconsistentlyhigh.Hi-techresearchisrequired,andgovernmentpolicieswillensurethatmoreR&Dinvestmentisputinthecountry.Hi-techindustriesalsoaresettingupinanumberofdevelopmentzones,manyofwhichwereopenedaround2003andaregrowingrapidlythankstofavourableincentives.CThefutureofHubeiislargelydependantonthesuccessoftheThreeGorgesDamproject.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanyupgradesofHubei’sriverports,andthereislikelytobemanymoreaslargervolumesofcargoaretransportedupanddowntheriver.WuhanintendstoturnitselfintothemajormanufacturinghubofcentralChina.WiththeflowofrivertrafficfromtheThreeGorgesandgovernmentincentivestomovemanufacturinginland.Wuhanismorelikelytosucceedinthisaim,withfurtherenterpriseslinkedtoexportsanddistributorslikelytofindabaseinthecity.DPhilippinesplanstoinvestmorethan$200billionininfrastructuredevelopmentin2007.AlargeportionofPhilippines’industrialoutputisrelatedtoitsrichmineraldeposits,withthesmeltingandpressingofferrousandnon-ferrousmetalsaccountingfor19.6percentofthetotalindustrialoutput.RelatedmanufacturingindustrieshavebeenrelocatingtoPhilippinesinrecentyearsfromSingaporeandMalaysia.Inthefuture,manufacturewillcontinuetobeamajorindustryinPhilippines.EManitobaisrichinnaturalresourcesandisamajorsourceoftimberproductsinCanada.Itboastsrichdepositsofcopper,silveranduranium.Thereisagreatneedtofurtherincreaseinfrastructure,especiallyroadsandrails.Theprovince’slocatedatthecrossroadsofthenation’stwolargesteconomicengines.Tourismisoneofthemajorhopeshereasthefarwestoftheprovinceisbecomingmorepopularandaccessibleforthosetravelingtothelakeroutes.1．Thecapitalofthisprovincetriestobecomeamainmanufacturingcentreinthecountry.正確答案：C2．Thecountryhascarriedoutlotsoffavourablepoliciesforhi-techindustriesdevelopinghere.正確答案：B3．Theadvantageofthegeographicallocationprovidestheareawiththeopportunityforeconomicdevelopment.正確答案：E4．Intheyearof2007,abouttwohundredforeigncorporationssettleddowninthestate.正確答案：A5．Agricultureplaysacriticalroleinthiscountry,andthegovernmentwillinvestalotinagriculture.正確答案：B6．RichmineraldepositsinthiscountryhaverelocatedmanufacturingindustryofSoutheastAsia.正確答案：D7．Thisareadepositsrichnaturalresources,andisgettingatouristattraction.正確答案：E8．Lowlabourandlandcostsareattractingforeigninvestorstothearea.正確答案：APARTTWOTransformationofStrategiesofThomsonCorporationHowdoesabusiness-to-businesscompanyfindoutexactlywhatendusersdowithitsproducts?ThatwasthequestionwewrestledwithattheThomsonCorporation,becausethepeoplewhobuyfromusarenotthesamepeoplewhoactuallyuseourproductsintheirdailywork.Butasoldergenerationsdieoutandyoungeronescomeonline,andasgenerationsinthemiddletrye-booksandrealisetheiradvantages,thedemiseofpaperbookswillcontinuetoaccelerate.ForThomson,theanswerhasbeentocombinemultiplemethodsofdeepcustomerinquiry,frommarketsurveystoobservingusersdirectlyintheirworkplace.Thoseeffortshavebeenpartofafront-endcustomerstrategythathasbecomethecornerstoneofthecompany’stransformation.Thisstrategyhasincludedaskinglawyers,accountants,financialanalysts,investmentmanagers,scientificresearchers,andotherprofessionalswhouseourproductsandserviceswhattheydoonaminute-by-minutebasis.(9)Bydoingso,we’velearnedhowtohelpenduserswiththeirworkinwaysthatmightotherwiseneverhaveoccurredtous.Suchscrutinyoftheenduserwouldn’tbeunusualifwewereaconsumerproductscompany.(10)ButlikemostotherB2Bcompanies,Thomsonhistoricallyhadamuchbetterunderstandingofitsbuyersthanofitsendusers.(11)ThetransformationofThomsonbeganalittleoveradecadeago.(12)Wepublishedmorethan200newspapers,alongwithtextbooks,lawbooks,andprofessionaljournals,andoperatedthelargestleisuretravelbusinessintheUnitedKingdom.Thomsonwasaprosperousleaderinitsmarkets,butwewereconcernedaboutthelong-termviabilityofourbusinessportfolio.First,ourmarketswerenotequalintermsofgrowthpotential.Leisuretravel,forexample,wasbecomingincreasinglycompetitiveandturningintoacommodity.TorealiseThomson’sfullpotential,weneededtobecomelessdiversifiedandmorefocusedonthebusinessmodelwiththebestprospectsforthefuture.Second,aswelookedaroundthecornerwecouldseethebeginningsofaradicalchangeinmarketdynamics.(13)Theworthofourconsiderablepaperassetswasinjeopardy.Thetransformationbeganwiththedivestitureofbusinessesthatdidn’tfitourstrategicfocusoninformationpublishingservicesandwiththeacquisitionofprofessionalinformationpublishingassetsthatdid,alongwithinvestmentsinthetechnologyneededtobuildanddeliverproductsandservicesonline.(14)Theseadvancesweredrivenbythechangingneedsofourendusersand,byextension,ourbuyers.ATherealbreakthroughs,however,cameafewyearsintothetransformationprocess.In2001,whenwerealisedweneededtofocusmorecloselyoncustomersthaneverbefore.BAtthetime,Thomsonwasanearly70-year-oldholdingcompanywith$8.7billioninrevenue.CButasoldergenerationsdieoutandyoungeronescomeonline,andasgenerationsinthemiddletrye-booksandrealisetheiradvantages,thedemiseofpaperbookswillcontinuetoaccelerate.DP&Gisknownforfollowingconsumersaroundstoresandobservingthemintheirkitchens.EWeknewafairamountabout,say,financialservicesinformationmanagers,whowereresponsibleformakingpurchasingdecisionsforanentiredepartment,butlittleabouttheindividualbrokersorinvestmentbankerswhousedourdata,research,andotherresourcesdailytomakeinvestmentdecisionsfortheirclients.FInparticular,itappearedthattheriseoftheinternetwouldchangethenewspaperandpublishingmarketsforever.GTheinternethasindeedbecomeanintegralpartofconsumers’commercialactivities.HThenwe’vesystematicallysoughttodeliversolutionsthatmeettheirneedsduringeachofthosehours.9．正確答案：H解析：因為前一句講到這個策略包括詢問使用我們產品或享受我們服務的律師，會計師，金融分析師，投資經理，科學研究者和其他專業(yè)人士每分鐘都在干什么。同時后面一句講到這樣做，我們就學會了幫助終端消費者的方式，如果不采取上述策略這種方式我們也許永遠不會找到。故應選H。10．正確答案：D解析：從上下文關系來看，前一句講到如果我們是一個消費者產品公司，這種對終端客戶的仔細觀察是極其正常的。其后一句講到但是像很多其他的商務對商務公司一樣，Thomson一直以來對購買者而不是終端消費者了解得更多。所缺的句子是舉例說明對終端客戶比較關心的消費者產品公司的做法。對應D項提到：寶潔公司一向以跟隨在店里購物的顧客和觀察在廚房里的消費者而著名，符合上下文的語境要求。11．正確答案：E解析：前一句講到但是像很多其他的商務對商務公司一樣，Thomson一直以來對購買者而不是終端消費者了解得更多。其后一句為Thomson公司的轉變早在十多年前就開始了。所缺的句子應該是對“Thomson一直以來對購買者而不是終端消費者了解得更多”，這種情況的具體說明。E項提到：比如說，我們對為整個部門做出采購決定的金融服務信息經理了解得很多，但是對于使用我們的數據，研究結果和其他資源為客戶做投資決定的個人經紀人或投資銀行家的了解就會相對很少，符合上下文語境。12．正確答案：B解析：所缺的句子應該是對當時公司基本情況的介紹。B項提到：那時Thomson是個有70年歷史的公司，有87億美元的收入。符合上下文語境。13．正確答案：F解析：所缺句子應該是對市場變化的具體情況的說明，并且這個情況是紙質財產的價值處于危險中的原因。對應F項中提到：特別是，互聯網的崛起將會永久地改變報紙和出版市場，符合上下文語境。14．正確答案：A解析：所缺的句子應該是對“轉變”過程的進一步論述。A項提到：可是真正的突破發(fā)生在幾年后的轉變過程中，2001年我們意識到我們需要比以前任何時候更加關注顧客，符合上下文語境。PARTTHREEThedifficultyofbalancingprofitsandsocialresponsibilityisveryapparentwhenyouconsiderenvironmentalissues.Consumersvaluethegoodsandservicesthatbusinessproduces,butbusinessescannotproducegoodsandserviceswithoutpollutingtosomedegree.Businessesstrivetolowertheircostsinordertoofferproductstoconsumersmoreefficientlyandtomakeprofitsforinvestors,butsometimesitisnecessaryforbusinessestospendmoreinordertopolluteless.Whensuchsituationsarise,whoseinterestsshouldbeservedfirst—thoseofsociety,theconsumer,ortheinvestor?Clearly,thisquestionhasnoeasyanswer,butexamininghowbusinessespollutemayprovidesomeperspectives.Economicprogressthreatensourair,water,andlandbecausetheseelementscansoeasilybetaintedbypollution.Moreover,thepollutioninanyoneelementcaneasilytainttheothers.Thisproblemispervasiveinindustrialisedanddevelopingnationsalike.Infact,theemergingeconomiesofAsiaandLatinAmericahavebuiltmuchoftheirgrowthonverylooseenvironmentalstandards.ButMexico,Malaysia,andothercountriesarerealisingthattheirprosperitycanbesustainedonlyiftheircitizenscanenjoyaqualityoflifethatcomeswithacleanenvironment.Atthesametime,thecountriesofEasternEuropearescramblingtoreversethedecadeofenvironmentalneglectthatoccurredaroundthemiddleofthe20thcentury.Asyoucanimagine,thisisnoeasytask.Themostnoticeableformofairpollution,smog,isproducedbytheinteractionofsunlightandhydrocarbons(gasesreleasedwhenfossilfuelsareburned).Weneedonlylookatthesmogthathangsovermanymajorcitiesoftheworldtoknowthatairpollutionisaproblemthatbusinesses,consumers,andgovernmentsmustaddresstogether.Anotherdamagingairpollutantisacidrain,createdwhenemissionsfromcoal-burningfactoriesandelectricutilityplantsreactwithair.Inaddition,emissionsfromfactoriesandcarspollutetheairandcontributetoglobalwarmingthroughthegreenhouseeffect,inwhichheatedgasesformalayerofunusuallywarmairaroundtheearth,trappingthesun’sheatandpreventingtheearth’ssurfacefromcooling.Expertsworryaboutairbornetoxinsthatareemittedduringsomemanufacturingprocesses.Largeandsmallcompaniestogetherreleasemillionsofpoundsofchemicalwastesintotheaireachyear.Althoughtheeffectsofmanyofthesesubstancesareunknown,someareknowntobecancercausers.Ofspecialconcerninrecentyearsaremicroscopicparticulatesintheairthatmayberesponsibleformorethan150,000deathseachyear.Ourairisnottheonlypartofourenvironmenttosuffer.WaterpollutionhasdamagedmanyU.S.lakes,rivers,stream,harboursandcoastalwaters.Thispollutioncomesfromavarietyofsources:manufacturingfacilities,miningandconstructionsites,farms,andcitysewagesystems.Themainthreatisthecarelessday-to-daydisposalofwastesfromthousandsofindividualsources.Evenifallwastewaterwerepurifiedbeforebeingdischarged,ourgroundwaterwouldstillbeendangeredbyleakagefromthemillionsoftonsofhazardoussubstancesthathavebeenburiedundergroundordumpedinimproperstoragesites.Muchofthispollutionwascreatedyearsagobycompaniesthatcarelessly—butlegally—disposedofsubstancesnowknowntobeunhealthy.Cleaningupthesewastesisextremelydifficultandexpensive.Inaddition,companiesandindividualsgenerateenormousamountsofsolidwaste—over200milliontonsintheUnitedStateseachyear.Muchofthiswasteendsupinlandfills.Alargepartoftheproblemisconsumerdemandsforconvenienceandfashion.Thesedemandsleadtocreatingdisposableitems,manufacturingproductswithexcesspackaging,anddiscardingusefulitemsthatarenolongerthehotstyleorcolour.Fortunately,recenteffortstoconserveandrecycleresourcesarehelpingtocombatthelandpollutionproblem.15．Whatistheproblemthatbusinessesfacewhenconsideringenvironmentalissues?A．Businessesfacetheproblemofproducinggoodsandservicesthatcustomerneeds.B．Businessesfacetheproblemofloweringcosts.C．Businessesfacetheproblemofmakingmoreprofitsforinvestors.D．Businessesfacetheproblemofbalancingprofitsandsocialresponsibility.正確答案：D解析：第一段講述了企業(yè)生產必然會造成一定程度的環(huán)境污染。為了提高投資者收益，生產商總是盡可能地降低生產成本，然而，為了減少對環(huán)境的污染，生產商又不得不增加投入。面對這樣的情況，應該優(yōu)先考慮哪方的利益?社會、消費者、還是投資商?這個問題很難回答。題干意為“考慮到環(huán)境污染，企業(yè)面臨怎樣的問題?”那么，根據本段第一句話，企業(yè)面臨平衡利益和社會責任的問題。據此，可確定D項為正確選項。16．Whichcountriesneedtochangemostinordertoprotectourenvironment?A．countriesofEasternEuropeB．MexicoC．MalaysiaD．countriesofAsiaandLatinAmerica正確答案：D解析：第二段講述了經濟的發(fā)展危及空氣、水和土地，在工業(yè)化國家和發(fā)展中國家這個問題都很嚴重。事實上，亞洲和拉丁美洲經濟的快速發(fā)展是基于環(huán)境標準的松弛。但是，有些國家，比如墨西哥，馬來西亞已經意識到了只有保護好環(huán)境，才能實現經濟的持續(xù)繁榮。與此同時，東歐的一些國家也開始盡力扭轉在20世紀中葉人們對于環(huán)境的忽視。題干意為“為了保護我們的環(huán)境哪些國家最需要改變?”根據本段內容，只有亞洲和拉丁美洲的國家未嚴加控制其環(huán)境標準，最需要改變。據此，可以確定D項為正確選項。17．Whatisgreenhouseeffect?A．Itisproducedbytheinteractionofsunlightandhydrocarbons.B．Itiscreatedwhenemissionsfromcoal-burningfactoriesandelectricutilityplantsreactwithair.C．Itisthegradualriseintemperatureoftheearthatmospherewhichiscausedbyanincreaseofgasesintheairtrappingtheheatofthesun.D．Itisproducedbyairbornetoxinsthatareemittedduringsomemanufacturingprocesses.正確答案：C解析：第三段主要講述空氣污染。最顯而易見的空氣污染物——霧霾是燃燒礦物燃料時產生的碳氫化合物與陽光相互作用產生的。另一種空氣污染物是酸雨，是由工廠燃燒煤炭以及發(fā)電廠的排放物與空氣反應產生的。此外，工廠排放物以及汽車尾氣也同樣污染空氣，并通過溫室效應導致了全球變暖。題目要求解釋溫室效應，本段的最后一句話回答了該問題，工廠廢氣和汽車排放的尾氣形成了熱氣層，吸收太陽的熱，阻止地表變涼，由此可以確定C項為正確選項。18．ExpertsworryaboutairbornetoxinsthatareemittedduringsomemanufacturingprocessesbecauseA．companiesreleasemillionsofpoundsofchemicalwastesintotheaireachyear.B．theeffectsofmanyofthesesubstancesareunknown.C．someairbornetoxinsareknowntobecancercausers.D．microscopicparticulatesintheairareresponsiblefor150,000deathseachyear.正確答案：C解析：該題目問及專家擔心空氣中毒素的原因。此段提到毒素是在某些生產過程中釋放出來的，大大小小的公司每年向空氣中排放幾百萬磅化學廢物。雖然許多毒素的影響還不為人知，但是其中的一些可以導致癌癥。這些年備受關注的就是空氣中的一些微粒有可能是導致每年超過十五萬人死亡的原因。綜合四個選項，C項表述與此相符；A、B項所述內容原文雖有提及，但不是原因；D項內容與原文有偏差，原文是mayberesponsible而不是areresponsible，所以，確定C項為正確選項，排除其他三項。19．Howwouldourgroundwaterbeendangeredaccordingtothefifthparagraph?A．Itwouldbeendangeredbymanufacturingfactories.B．Itwouldbeendangeredbyleakagefrommassesofhazardoussubstancesthatwereburiedundergroundordumpedinimproperstoragesites.C．Itwouldbeendangeredbycarelessday-to-daydisposalofwastesfromthousandsofindividualsources.D．Itwouldbeendangeredbysubstanceswhicharethrownawaycarelesslybycompanies.正確答案：B解析：第五段主要講述了水污染。水污染已經破壞了美國眾多湖泊、河流、港灣以及沿海水域。加工工廠、煤礦或建筑工地、農場以及城市地下水系統(tǒng)是水污染的來源。然而，最大的威脅還是來自于千家萬戶每天丟棄的垃圾。即便是所有的廢水在排放前被凈化，我們的地下水資源形勢也不容樂觀，因為埋在地下或丟棄在不合適的垃圾場的數百萬噸有毒物質的滲漏同樣會污染地下水。這樣的污染物是幾年前由工廠合法填埋處理，現在才知道這些物質是對健康有害的。清理這些廢物非常困難，而且代價不菲。題干意思是“地下水是如何被污染的?”根據本段內容，可以確定B項是正確選擇。A、C、D項所述內容與此段不符，均可排除。20．Whatisthetoneofthispassage?A．optimisticB．pessimisticC．subjectiveD．objective正確答案：D解析：第六段講述了固體廢物，僅美國一個國家每年就有超過兩億噸的固體廢物，這些廢物大部分會被填埋在垃圾場。產生這么多固體廢物的原因是消費者追求便捷與時尚。為了滿足消費者需求，生產商就會生產用完即可丟棄的產品，給產品過度包裝。消費者對樣式或顏色不時髦但仍有用的東西隨即丟棄。幸運的是，最近人們開始致力于資源的加工再利用，緩解了土地污染的問題。題目問及整篇文章的語氣。文章大部分篇幅陳述事實，并以數字、舉例等形式加以說明，據此可判斷，作者的語氣是客觀的，即D項為正確選項。PARTFOURPeoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings-alcohol,drugs,eventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddictionare(21)whichmeanstheyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders.Theyfeelthatthey(22)spendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothers,is(23)—impossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit,chargeaccountsareevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthat(24)credit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyof(25)hunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunter,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon’tneedjustbecausetheyare(26).Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets.(27)theyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyare(28).Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,and(29)usepsychologytoincreasebusiness.They(30)people’sneedsforlove,powerorinfluence,theirbasicvaluesandbeliefsinadvertisingandsalesmethods.Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled‘behaviortherapy’tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.21．A．compulsoryB．compulsiveC．complacentD．complicated正確答案：B解析：此處四個選項為形似詞，其含義卻相差甚遠，因此只要辨清含義，答案就明確了。compulsory意思是“義務的，強制的”；compulsive意思是“難以抑制的”，如compulsiveeating(無節(jié)制的暴飲暴食)；complacent意思是“自滿的”；complicated的意思是“復雜的”。結合空格前面addiction，以及其后由which引導的非限制性定語從句對于空格處內容的補充解釋，可以確定答案為B。22．A．canB．mayC．mustD．ought正確答案：C解析：結合21題對compulsive的解釋，不難確定所謂的compulsivespenders就是指那些覺得自己非花錢不可的人，因此選C。23．A．irrationalB．unnecessaryC．unhealthyD．irresponsible正確答案：A解析：此題答案比較明確，本句意思是“這種無法克制的花錢的沖動和其他的強迫癥一樣，都是無法解釋的”，而irrational的含義為“不合理的，失去理性的”符合句意。此外，空格后面破折號引出的內容(impossibletoexplainreasonably)是對于空格處所需單詞的解釋補充，因此確定答案為A。24．A．withB．onC．byD．in正確答案：A解析：這道題比較簡單，withcredit/money/power等說法很常見，表示“有了信用卡/金錢/權利”。而其他介詞則沒有這樣的用法和含義，因此答案為A。25．A．goodsB．jobC．foodD．bargain正確答案：D解析：本句句意為“現在還有專門研究人們淘換便宜貨的心理學”。此處為什么選bargain呢?其后兩句話中有重要線索。首先后面的句子“Tosavemoney，ofcourse，mostpeoplelookforsales，lowprices，anddiscounts.”表明他們要買的是便宜的東西。另外，后面的“compulsivebargainhunter”這一說法更是印證了選項D為正確答案。bargain作為名詞的意思是“便宜貨，廉價品”。26．A．expensiveB．cheapC．inferiorD．superior正確答案：B解析：答案非常明確，compulsivebargainhunter經常購買自己并不需要的東西，原因就是他們貪圖便宜。因此答案為B。27．A．andB．orC．soD．but正確答案：D解析：本空格所在的句子是一個并列句，所缺失的是個連詞，因此答題的關鍵是兩個分句的邏輯關系，根據兩個分句的意思判斷，即“他們自認為這么做有助于節(jié)約”，“他們是在玩一種刺激的游戲”，兩者應該是轉折關系，所以選D。28．A．excitingB．enjoyingC．winningD．satisfying正確答案：C解析：參考前面的語句“buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame”，留意game一詞。正因為他們把淘便宜貨當作是一種刺激有趣的游戲，所以當他們能比別人更便宜地買到某樣東西時，他們就覺得自己贏了這場游戲(Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople，theyfeelthattheyarewinning.)，所以此處的正確答案為C。29．A．schoolsB．advertisersC．organisationsD．consumers正確答案：B解析：本題答案也非常明確。分析空格所在的句子可以發(fā)現，此處四個選項，只有advertisers(廣告商)和商店、企業(yè)是并列關系，句子含義是“商店、企業(yè)和廣告商都運用心理學來刺激更多的消費”。因此，本題答案為B。30．A．considerB．decideC．chooseD．affect正確答案：A解析：觀察本空格所在的句子，可以判斷they指代的是前一句中的stores，companies，andadvertisers，而空格中需要填入一個謂語動詞與they構成主謂關系，并與其后的needs構成動賓結構。比較四個選項，最佳答案應該是consider，其句子含義是“他們在做廣告和營銷時都會考慮人們對愛情、權勢的需求，人們的基本觀念和價值觀”。因此本題答案是A。PARTFIVESomeKnowledgeaboutHumanResourcesManagementTheHumanResourcesManagement(HRM)functionincludesavarietyofactivities,andthekeythemisdecidingwhatstaffingneedsyouhaveandwhethertouseindependentcontractorsorhireemployeestofilltheseneeds,recruitingandtrainingthebestemployees,ensuringtheyarehighperformers,dealing(31)performanceissues,andensuringthatyourpersonnelandmanagementpracticesconform(32)variousregulations.Activitiesalsoincludemanagingyourapproach(33)employeebenefitsandcompensation,employeerecordsandpersonnelpolicies.Usuallysmallbusinesses(for-profitornonprofit)havetocarryouttheseactivitiesthemselvesbecausetheycan’tyetaffordpart-timeorfull-timehelp.(34)theyshouldalwaysensurethatemployeeshaveandareaware(35)personnelpolicieswhichconformtocurrentregulations.Thesepoliciesareofteninthe(36)ofemployeemanuals,whichallemployeeshave.Note(37)somepeopledistinguishadifferencebetweenHRM(amajormanagementactivity)andHRD(HumanResourceDevelopment).ThosepeoplemightincludeHRMinHRD,explainingthatHRDincludesabroader(38)ofactivitiestodeveloppersonnelinsideoforganisations,includingcareerdevelopment,training,organisationdevelopment,etc.Thereisalong-standingargumentaboutwhereHR-relatedfunctionsshouldbeorganisedoverlargeorganisations.TheHRMfunctionandHRDprofessionhaveundergonetremendouschange(39)thepast20-30years.Manyyearsago,largeorganisationslookedtothePersonnelDepartment,mostlytomanagethepaperworkaroundhiringandpayingpeople.Morerecently,organisationsconsidertheHRDepartment(40)playingamajorroleinstaffing,trainingandhelpingtomanagepeoplesothatpeopleandtheorganisationareperformingatmaximumcapabilityinahighlyfulfillingmanner.31．正確答案：WITH解析：d