初中英語(yǔ)介詞練習(xí)題及詳解

介詞（一）正誤辨析1、［誤］Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.［正［Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.［析］at用于具體時(shí)刻之前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,nighto2、［誤］Don'tsleepatdaytime［IE］Don'tsleepindaytime.［析］in要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。3、［誤］WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.［正［WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.［析］inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th4、［誤］Hebecameawritterathistwenties［IE］Hebecameawritterinhistwenties［析］這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為：他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來(lái)表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來(lái)表示。5、［誤］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.［正［HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.［析］在具體年歲前用at,如：attheageof12,atyourage,等等。6、［誤］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.［IE］Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.［析］具體某一天要用介詞on,又如：onNewYear'sDay7、［誤］PmlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.［正］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.［析］在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on,而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。8、［誤］Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.［IE］Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.［析］during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配，$11：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段時(shí)間，可以用于完成時(shí)，如：Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime.而through用來(lái)表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為“整整，全部的時(shí)間"。$n：Itrainedthroughthenight.而since則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間，一般要與完成時(shí)連用。9、［誤］Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［IE］Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［析］On加動(dòng)名詞表示”一……就，本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進(jìn)入教室就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)好消息了。又如：onhearing-??一聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，onarrival一到達(dá)就 (on表示動(dòng)作的名詞)1()、［誤］Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［正］Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［析］atthebegining與attheend都是指某事物的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時(shí)間范圍，而inthebeginning則是指開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間。intheend=atlast是指"最終，終于”之意。11>［誤］Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［IE］Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［析］by引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn)，其意思為”不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完",所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，如：rnbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如：Iwon'tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.12、［誤］HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.［IE］HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HecametoLondontwoweeksago.［析］before一般要與完成時(shí)連用，而ago則勺一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。13、［誤］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.［析］since用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)，而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)14、［誤］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.［IE］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Ybuwillgetitintwohours.［析］中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取，兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好，而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用afterc其原因有二，①after多用于過(guò)去時(shí)，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍，如：afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí)，一定要用介詞in。15>［誤］Threedaysafterhedied.［正］Afterthreedayshedied.［正］Threedayslaterhedied.［析］after與later都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after在時(shí)間詞前，而later在時(shí)間詞后。16、［誤］Shehidherselfafterthetree.［正］Shehidherselfbehindthetree.［析］after多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后，所以有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱(chēng)它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。17、［誤］Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.［正］Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.［析］樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí)，樹(shù)葉要用on,而其他外來(lái)的人、物體均要用inthetree.18、［誤］ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.［正］ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.［析］在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有3個(gè)介詞：in,on,tooin表示在某范圍之內(nèi)；on表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如：JapanistotheeastofChina.19、［誤］IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.［IE］IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.［析］at用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方，而in用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillageo20、［誤］HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.［正］HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.［析］在門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。21、［誤］ThereisacolourTVsetatthecomerofthehall.［IE］ThereisacolourTVsetinthecomerofthehall.［析］在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in,而墻的外角用at,如：Thereisatreeatthecomerofthestreet.22>［誤］ThisweekendPllstayinUncleWang's.［正］ThisweekendIrllstayatUncleWang's.［析］要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法，如：atatailor'sshop（裁縫店）=atatailofs,atthedoctor's（去看?。゛tthebookseller's（在書(shū)店）atuncleWang's（在王叔叔家）23、［誤］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper?［正］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper?［析］在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in,而在具體某一版上，或某一頁(yè)上則要用on。24、［誤］TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［正］SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［析］這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開(kāi)學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞，如：attable（吃飯），WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.還有：atdesk（學(xué)習(xí)），atwork（工作）atschool（上學(xué)），inhospital（住醫(yī)院）atchurch作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：attheschool即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，inthehospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。25、［誤］Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［正］Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［析］譯文為：在去車(chē)站的路上我買(mǎi)了份報(bào)紙，為的是消磨時(shí)光”在……的路上”應(yīng)用onone'sway…。而intheway有擋道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisinthewayo26>［誤］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.［析］in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ)，而into則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。27>［誤］EllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.［正］EllleaveBeijingforShanghai.［正］I'llleaveforShanghai.［析］leavefor是離開(kāi)某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：startfor動(dòng)身前往某處，setoutfor,sailforD28、［誤］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.［正］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.［析］getin,與getout是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。getin為上車(chē)，而getout為下車(chē)，但語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講We'dbettergetin.或We'dbettergetout.還有一組詞組有關(guān)上下車(chē)：geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi)29、［誤］BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.［正］Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.［析］over與above在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí)，即正上方時(shí)則要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用over.3()、［誤］Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.［正］Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.［析］over還有一意為"跨越，橫跨”。31>［誤］TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.［IE］TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.［析］在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。32>［誤］Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.［正］Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.［析］infrontof是在物體外部的前而，而inthefrontof是在物體內(nèi)部的前而，如：Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.33、［誤］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.［正］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.［析］across作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思：①橫過(guò)，如：Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②對(duì)而，如：Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平而上的橫過(guò)。如：Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.34>［誤］Thesunsetstowardthewest.［正］Thesunsetsinthewest.［析］towards也可用作toward,它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不一定到達(dá)，如：Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south時(shí)，其前而要用in。要注意的是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞，如：Iwentsouth.也可用作名詞，如：Iwenttoihesouth.也可用作形容詞，如：IwenttothesouthpartofChina.35、［誤］Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?［正］Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?［析］beside是"在旁邊、如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是“除之外，不僅而且,除了以外還有”，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except則是從同一類(lèi)物體中去掉某一音B分，如：IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同種類(lèi)的事物，如：Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat則要加從句。36、［誤］CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?［IE］CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen?［正］CanIwritetheexampaperinink?［析］with后要加拿得起來(lái)放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。37、［誤］Fmearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.［正］I'mearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.［析］在交通工具前加介詞by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空運(yùn)byland陸運(yùn)bysea海運(yùn)onfootonhorsebackbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand38、［誤］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.［正］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.［析］madeof是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如：Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.39>［誤］ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.［正］ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.［析］關(guān)于某方而的書(shū)籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞，其中on表示某專(zhuān)業(yè)用書(shū)，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如：Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知識(shí)。40、［誤］Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.［正］Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.［析］keytothedoor門(mén)的鑰匙。相同用法還有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千萬(wàn)不要用of。41、［誤］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.［IE］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.［析］haveinterestin是在某方面有興趣。42、［誤］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.［正］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.［析］beangrywith其后接人，而beangryat其后接事。如：Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.43、［誤］Hewasgoodforskating.［正］Hewasgoodatskating.［析］begoodat為“擅長(zhǎng)某事"，而begoodforsomebody為對(duì)某人很好。44n［誤］Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.［正］Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.［析］這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如：Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.45>［誤］Myparentswereverypleasedatme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.［析］bepleasedwith后力口somebody,而bepleasedat后力口somethingo46、［誤］Heisagreewithme.［正］Heagreeswithme.47、［誤］Heagainstsme.［正］Heisagainstme.［析］同意agree為動(dòng)詞，而反對(duì)against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。48、［誤］Ihaven'theardlettersfromhim.［IE］Ihaven'theardfromhim.［析］hearfrom即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。49、［誤］Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend?［正］Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend?［析］作為"拜訪(fǎng)"講callat其后接地點(diǎn)，如：MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?rfucallon其后接人。50、［誤］Doyouknowthegirlonwhite?［正］Doyouknowthegirlinwhite?［析］inwhite為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有：inbed（睡覺(jué)）,inhospital（住院）,inahurry（匆匆忙忙），indanger（危險(xiǎn)中）,injoy（高興），ingoodhealth（身體好），inlove（戀愛(ài)），introuble（困境），勺之相反的是outof,如：outoftrouble（擺脫困境），outofdate（過(guò)時(shí)了），outoforder（出故障）51、［誤］Helookedatmeatsurprise.［IE］Helookedatmeinsurprise.［析］surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首，Toone'ssurprise,如：Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如：Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.52>［誤］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.［正］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.［析］becauseof后接名詞，如：Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.（三）例題解析-Thankyouthebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor［答案1D.［析］由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。CanyouanswerthisquestionEnglish?AbyBinCwithDfrom［答案1B.［析］in表示用語(yǔ)言、聲音、或材料，如：Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.LookthemapChinathewall,please.A after,of,inB at,of,inC after,in,onD at,of,on［答案1D.［析］lookat為“看“，而onthewall為”在墻表面掛著”，而inthewall則是“在墻內(nèi)”,如：Thereisholeinthewall.墻上有個(gè)洞。-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?-HearrivedtheretheeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto［答案］C.［析］intheevening/afternoon這兩個(gè)詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為on,如：onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmileourteacher'sface.AoffBnearConDbetween［答案］C.Thetwinsgotonwelltheirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout［答案1c.［析］getonwellwith與人相處很好。-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-1see.I'llcomeSaturdayevening.AinBatConDfor［答案］C.Let'shurry,orwe'llbelateschoolAtoBatCwithDfor［答案1D.［析］belatefor,而comelateto,如：Don'tcomelatetoschoolTheywillhaveamathstesttwodaysAforBatCinDafter［答案］C.［析］三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in,而不要受中文影響用after,afterthreedays是個(gè)不定的時(shí)間范圍,即沒(méi)有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。5天、6夭、1()天全是afterthreedays。1()MybrotherjoinedthearmyA 1989,MarchB inMarch,1989C March,1989D 1989,inMarch［答案］B.［析］在月份、年、前用介詞in,而日子前用。n。Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblemyourhelpAwithoutBunderCforDwith［答案］A.［析］在某人幫助下應(yīng)用with,如：WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily而要是沒(méi)有你的幫助則用withoutyourhelpGrannytookonelookatusherglassesAbyBthroughConDin［答案1B.［析］through為穿過(guò) oWehadourbreakfastaquartersevenA/,toBin,toCat,toDon,to［答案］C.［析］具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用at,而差兒分兒點(diǎn)用to,這里應(yīng)譯為：我在差一刻七點(diǎn)吃的早飯。IlearnFrenchtheradioeverydayAonBinCfromDat［答案］A.［析］從收音機(jī)中聽(tīng)到某事應(yīng)用詞組ontheradiooIt'sgoodmannerstowaitlineAinBonCatDwith［答案］A.［析］inline為排隊(duì)。HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearntlastterm?A bytheendofB attheendofC totheendofD tilltheendof［答案1A.［析］bytheendof為動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間，與完成時(shí)態(tài)相配合ThemanagerwasverysatisfiedhisworkAinBonCaboutDwith［答案］D.［析］besatisfiedwith為固定搭配。JohnhitJackfaceAontheBintheConhisDinhis［答案］B.［析］英文中的某些動(dòng)詞其后要接人，然后加介詞+the+身體部位，如：Hecaughttheboybythearm。IwasbomthenightSeptember15,1978Ain,onBat,onCat,inDon,of［答案1D.［析］在時(shí)間前加介詞時(shí)應(yīng)以最小的時(shí)間單位為準(zhǔn)。It'sabadmannert