2020年高考英語語法專項突破訓(xùn)練專題19-主謂一致

專題十九主謂一致重難點(diǎn)分析主謂一致即謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致語法一致即謂語動詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語保持一致，意義一致就是謂語動詞要和主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致，就近一致就是謂語動詞要和靠近它的主語部分保持一致。主語的人稱和數(shù)決定謂語動詞的數(shù)。一、主謂一致原則一覽表原則概念例句語法一致原則指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式SteveEmberisagoodplayer.Childrenliketoys.意義一致原則指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Myfamilyarehavinglunchnow.Newsistravelingfastnowadays.就近原則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的主語Thereisaknifeandtwoforksonthedesk.Eitheryouorheistogo.二、概念歸納表時間、距離、金額、重量、數(shù)字等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作“整體”看時，謂語常用單數(shù)。如：Twohoursisquiteenough.兩個小時足夠了。以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語時，根據(jù)其意思來接的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。表學(xué)科的名詞(physics等)、書報名(theTimes等)、國名(theUnitedStates等)或組織名稱(theUnitedNations等)及news作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如means,works等作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)根據(jù)具體情況而定。如：Everymeanshasbeentried.每種方法都試過了。Allmeanshavebeentried.所有的方法都試過了。theOlympicGames作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。集體名詞作主語時，視其意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。people,police,cattle,youth等名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。clothing,furniture,equipment等名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。family,class,government等名詞表示整體概念時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，表單位成員時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)?！癮numberof/avarietyof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、“the+形容詞”指一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“thenumberof/thevarietyof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”、“the+形容詞”作主語指抽象的事物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Thebeautifulislovedbyall.（表抽象的概念）美的事物人人都愛。以and連接的兩個名詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但名詞前有each,every,no修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.散步和騎車是很好的運(yùn)動。Eachboyandeachgirlwantstohaveaholiday.每個男孩與女孩都想要假期。注意：當(dāng)and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞在意義上指的是同一人、物或概念時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。如：Theteacherandwriterispopularwithhisstudents.那位是作家兼老師，很受學(xué)生歡迎。（指同一人）動名詞、不定式或從句作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句視后面的表語而定。如：Whatweneedistime.我們需要的是時間。Whatweneedarebooks.我們需要的是書籍。主語后接with,togetherwith,including,combinedwith,alongwith,aswellas,but,except,besides,like,ratherthan,inadditionto等構(gòu)成的介詞短語時，謂語根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.約翰，而不是他的室友，應(yīng)該收到責(zé)備。在“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但當(dāng)one之前有theonly/very等修飾時，從句中的動詞用單數(shù)。如：Thisisoneofthegirlswhowerelateforschoolthismorning.她是今天早上上課遲至U的女孩之一。Thisistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowaslateforschoolthismorning.她是唯一一個今天早上上課遲到的女孩。glasses,shoes,trousers等復(fù)數(shù)名詞若其前有pair/kind/type/boxof等量詞修飾時，謂語根據(jù)量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：Apairofshoesisunderthebed.床下有一雙鞋。由“alotof/lotsof/plentyof/halfof/therestof/mostof+名詞/代詞''或“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞"作主語時，謂語動詞視其所接的名詞決定單復(fù)數(shù)。如：Threefifthsofthebooksareintendedforthepoorstudents.五分之三的書是為貧困學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的。Therestofthemoneybelongstoyou.剩下的錢是你的。由or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso等連接的名詞或代詞作主語及therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞與它靠近的主語保持一致。如：NotonlywebutalsotheteacherlikeswatchingtheCBAbasketballgames.不僅是我們，還有老師也喜歡看CBA籃球賽。“不定代詞(all指人除外)、manya+名詞單數(shù)、morethanone+名詞單數(shù)”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Allhasbeenfinished.所有的都完成了。Allarelateforthemeeting.所有人開會都遲到了。Morethanonepersonhasmadethesuggestion.不僅一個人提出了建議?？键c(diǎn)練透一、單句填空用be動詞或所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。TheUnitedStatesofAmericaoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Everymeanstried,butinvain.NotonlymysisterbutalsoIgoodatpainting.Bothofusgoodpainters.Goingtobedearlyagoodhabit.I,whoyourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.“Allpresentandallgoingonwell,”thechairmansaid.Theoldtakengoodcareofinourcountry.Anironandsteelworks,withsomeotherfactoriestobebuilthere.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasonsyesterday.Iaswellastheyreadytohelpyou.Whatweneedenoughwater,butwhattheyneedhouses.HerfamilylargerthanmineandherfamilywatchingTVnow.Thereabigtableandsixchairsinthediningroom.Therestoffood(leave)fortherestofthestudentswho(have)gonetothelibrary.Weneedoneofthestudentswhoatthemeeting.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho(speak)Englishfluently.Manyastudentinourclasspopmusicwhilemanystudentsintheirclassclassicmusic.(like)EachofthemChinesefood.TheyeachChinesefood.(enjoy)Theworkerandwriterreferredto(go)towriteacomedy.Thiskindofcartoonswellinthebookstorewhilecartoonsofthatkindbadly.(sell)Noboyandnogirl(prevent)bytheheavyrainfromtakingpartintheactivity.二、語篇填空用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。MySchoolLifeThenumberofteachersandstudentsinourschool1(be)about2,000andtwothirdsofthestudentsinmyclass2(be)girls.All3(be)goingonwellinmyclassandeveryboyandeverygirl4(be)readytohelpothers.LiLinistheonlyoneofmybestfriendswho5(come)fromGuangzhou,andtherest6(be)localpeople.Politics7(be)myfavoritesubjectandlisteningtomusic8(be)whatIoftendoinmysparetime.WhetherIcanbeadmittedtouniversity9(be)stillunknown,butwhatIneedtodonow10(be)notwastinganytime.三、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。FirstAidKitWeshouldallhaveone,andinfact,weshouldallhavemorethanone.1(recommend)statethatyoushouldcarryafirstaidkitinthecar,thereshouldbeafirstaidkitinthehome,intheoffice,atschool,whenyougoouthiking,cyclingoronanyothertypeofoutdooradventure,weneedaccess2firstaidkitsatalltimes.Makesurethatyoufindout3thefirstaidkits4(store)whentheyareneeded.Beingpreparedforanemergencyisvital,andawell-stocked(備貨充足的)firstaidkitcanmakesurethatyouarereadyforemergenciesas5happen.Firstaidkitsareavailablereadymadeinmanydifferentshapesandsizes.Manypeoplefind_6convenienttobuyaready-madefirstaidkit,itsaveshavingtothink,7otherpeopleprefertomakeuptheirownfirstaidkitandbuythenecessaryitems8(individual).Evenifyoubuyaready-madefirstaidkit,however,you'vestillgottocheckitoutoccasionallyto:replaceanyitemswhichhavebeenusedreplaceanymedicationswhich9(become)outofdate?stockuponpersonalizedmedication?makesurethatthebatteriesstillworkintheflashlightTherearesomeitemswhlichmustbeincludedinyourfirstaidkitand10whicharemorepersonal.Thestuff(東西)youmustincludeare:…(Pleasefindouttheitemsonyourown.)助讀詞匯ready-madeadj.現(xiàn)成的medicationn.藥物vitaladj.至關(guān)重要的occasionallyadv.偶爾；不定期地availableadj.可用的personalizedadj.個性化的flashlightn.手電筒atalltimes始終gohiking去遠(yuǎn)足outofdate過期的checkout核實stockupon置辦四、佳作欣賞下面是一篇摘自全國英語高考書面表達(dá)的范文，文中有許多精彩且靈活的語言表達(dá)，注意其中主謂一致的問題，用心體會其用法。DearDavid,Howareyougettingonwitheverything?Ihavegotsomegoodnewstotellyou.IwontheExperienceUKKnowledgeContestlastweekandIwillbegivenachancetovisitBritainforeightdaysinJanuaryatnocharge!IamreallygratefultoyouforallyourhelpwithmyEnglishlearning.Byexchangingemailswithyou,IhavelearnedalotaboutnativeEnglishaswellasalotofknowledgeaboutBritain.IwilltellyouaboutthearrangementsforthetripwhenIhavegotfurtherinformationaboutit.Hopefullywecanmeeteachotherinyourhomecountryduringmystaythere.Bestwishes,LiHua參考答案考點(diǎn)練透一、單句填空1.is2.hasbeen3.am;are4.is5.am6.are;is7.are8.is9.was;were10.am11.is;are12.is;are13.is14.isleft;have15.speak;speaks16.likes;like17.enjoys;enjoy18.isgoing19.sells;sell20