U2P4Grammar高中英語選修六unit2grammar

英語課標(biāo)教學(xué)課件選修6SubjunctiveMood(2)Unit2Grammar Pandoraopenedherbox… What’sleftinthebox?Ifshehadbeenwarnedofdanger,wouldshehaveopenedthebox?misfortuneshope虛擬語氣

1）概念

虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。Revision2）在條件句中的應(yīng)用

條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。If條件句虛擬情況從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與過去事實(shí)相反與將來事實(shí)相反過去式(be的形式用were)had+過去分詞過去式/should+do/weretodowould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+doreview假設(shè)條件從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣(mixedconditionals)。主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。

Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.1.Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif-clauseareaboutdifferenttenses.e.g.Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldknow

whatwearedoingnow.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,you

wouldnotbeintroublenow.2.Weuseotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals.

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.(Iftherewerenoair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)

Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)3.Inadverbialclausesintroducedby

evenif,asif,asthoughandifonly

wecanuseunrealconditionals.Hetreatshiseldersisterasthoughshewereastranger.即使生了病，他也去辦公室。

Evenifhewereill,hewouldgotohisoffice.

她談?wù)撃遣坑捌秃孟袼_實(shí)看過一樣。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.虛擬語氣用于各種從句主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句一.用于主語從句1.

It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/impossible/surprising+that---Clause等表達(dá)一種“情緒、觀點(diǎn)”的形容詞，其從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.掌握一門外語是重要的Itisstrangethatshe________(refuse)tocometotheparty.她居然拒絕來參加聚會(huì)，真奇怪It’snecessarythatwe_______________(study)hard.refuseshouldstudy2.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinthearea

It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.3.以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，即(should)+v原.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomeatonce.(表語從句）Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.(同位語從句)Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible表語從句2/2/2023練習(xí)：1.Itisdemandedthathe_______________________________.根據(jù)要求，他星期五動(dòng)身前往加拿大。2.ItissuggestedthattheEnglishevening

______________________________.有人建議，英語晚會(huì)周六舉行。（should)leaveforCanadaonFriday（should）be

heldonSaturday3.itis/was+suggested/requested/required/demanded/ordered/commanded/proposed…that從句Itissuggestedweshouldstartbeforesunset.二、用于賓語從句中虛擬語氣特殊句型：wish/ifonly

現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：did（were）haddonewould/…do

1)IwishIwereabird.（現(xiàn)在）2)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.（過去）3)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.（將來）IfonlyI

knewhisname!Ifonlywe

hadfollowed

youradvice!IfonlyI

couldsee

himagain!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。

要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！Ifonlyourparents

couldlivewith

us!IfonlyI

hadn’tmissed

thetrain!IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一樣高。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.他希望他沒講那樣的話。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。wishtodo表達(dá)法。wishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone3.It’s(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你該走了。我們?cè)撊ニX了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。1)賓語從句。常見動(dòng)詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即：

insist

一堅(jiān)持

order,command

二命令3.advise,suggest,propose

三建議4.demand,require,request,desire

四命令這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。國王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。WesuggestedthatTom

havearest.HeinsistedthatI

(should)be

present.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners

bekilled

thenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe

(should)send

themtoworkthere.suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，其后賓語從用用陳述語氣。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe________(be)illandwesuggestedthatshe_____________(send)tohospitalatonce.Heinsistedthatthe

lady__________(steal)

his

wallet

and

that

she

_____________(take)to

the

police

stationatonce.

注意was一句巧辨(should)besentstole(should)betakenIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如果suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事"時(shí)，即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_____(be)seriouslyillandthat________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe______(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas表語從句和同位語從句：以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句）也要使用虛擬語氣，即：(should)+v-原形。

名詞形式:order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,desirerequest,requirementThesuggestion

isthattheplanbecarriedoutatonce.Mydemand

isthatsheshouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.2/2/2023以asif、asthough（就好像，似乎，仿佛）引出的方式狀語從句，如果表示真實(shí)情況應(yīng)該用陳語氣；如果表示非真實(shí)情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,其謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬式與wish后面賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬形式相同。即

二、asif，asthough引導(dǎo)的從句現(xiàn)在：過去：將來:did/were(現(xiàn)在)haddone(過去)would+動(dòng)詞原形(將來)asif/asthough+主語

區(qū)別：當(dāng)evenif,asif/though從句所表示的情況發(fā)生的可能性較大時(shí)，須用陳述語氣。

I’llgoevenifitrains.

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陳述語氣HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虛擬語氣Shelovesthestudentasifhewereherownson.Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhe_______（be)aman.那個(gè)小男孩懂得那么多事情，好像他是一個(gè)大人Heactedasusualasif/thoughnothing_________________(happen).

werehadhappened用于目的狀語從句中：一些表目的的意義的短語如：inorderthat,sothat,forfearthat,incase等，其從句的謂語動(dòng)詞多為虛擬語氣“should/might/can/could/would+do”的形式Wespokeinwhispersforfearthatwemightwaketheguards.5.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形Itisimportantthatwe

(should)master

aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe

refuse

tocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatwe

shouldstudy

hard.6.某些簡(jiǎn)單句的固定句型：Heaven

help

him!God

bless

you!May

yousucceed!Long

livethePeople’sRepublicofChina!1.Wewouldratherourdaughter______athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.(2014陜西)A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay2._____themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.(2014天津)A.DidhecatchB.shouldbecatchC.hashecaughtD.Hadhecaught

QuizI:Multiplechoice.3._________ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.

A.Weretheyto

B.Couldthey

C.Ifthey

D.Wouldthey4.Mysuggestionisthatshe________moreexercise,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoher.A.takesB.musttakeC.takeD.took5.Ifhe_______myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.(2010湖南)A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow6.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_____moreonitsculture.(2010江蘇)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused7.Ifwe______theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.(2010陜西)A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken8.－Johnwenttothehospitalalone.－Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.(2010天津)A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold9.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy______.(2010浙江)A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved10.I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(2011陜西)A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone11.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey______alwayslate.(2011北京)A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen12.MaybeifI_____science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.(2011北京)A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying13.Ifmycar_____morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.(2012陜西)A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe14.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.(2012湖南)A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had15.Ifwe_____adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.(2012山東)A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmadeMy

deskmateadmiresmyfluentEnglishvery

much

and

I

usually

feel

___________(encourage)

by

his

compliments.

One

day,

_________we

learned

the

new

word

“eccentric”

in

class,

we

__________

(ask)tomakeasentencewith

it.Ivolunteeredtodo

it

by

saying

“My

deskmate

is

an

eccentric

boy

________

clothes

never

fit

him.”

Hearingthis,

the

whole

class

burstinto__________(laugh)

and

my

deskmate’s

face

turned

red.

QuizII:Fillintheblanksencouragedwhenwere

askedwhoselaughter________

class,

I

learned

from

the

teacher

that

my

deskmate

__________________

(drop)

out

ofschool