長難句直播32021考研課程

2021316Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butrather(而是changesinthatbiomassovertime.Theirmethodsattempttoestimatechangesinthatbiomassovertime.Theirmethodsfocusonthechangeofstockconcerning（關(guān)于）theoceanspecies. (T/F)（T)50年前100萬條stock 10萬theactualbiomass（生物數(shù)量）(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatteroffishspecies（各種魚not…but不是……而是【主干識別】Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomassbutocean做后置定語修飾biomass，inthatbiomassovertime后置定語修飾changes；【難點】estimate的賓語為theactualbiomass和changes的并列，并列連詞為but,在閱讀的過程中往往會由于長定語的分割而產(chǎn)生閱讀的；【翻譯點撥】多個定語在修飾著changes因此順序應該做符合中文習慣的Oneleadingauthoritysaysthat(theseintenselypowerfulmentalevents=dreams)canbenotonlyharnessedbut(also)actuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.Dreamsmaynotentirelybelongtounconsciousness,accordingtooneleadingCurb curbcontrol，原意是韁繩的意思，這個單詞為考conscious【其他成分】賓語從句的主干是theseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol;notonly…butalso…連接兩個并列的動詞harnessed和brought；tohelpussleepandfeelbetter為目的狀語【難點】動詞的并列造成識別上的Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.同位語的本質(zhì)就是指代關(guān)系：指代這個句子Theactive（主動）decisionisarealchallengeforrobots.Thefurtherlaborsaving（節(jié)約勞動的）utility(運用demandsmoresupervision.（F）Thefurtherlaborsaving（節(jié)約勞動的）utility(運用)demandslesssupervision.【詞匯突破 utility運supervision【主干識別】theywillhavetooperateandbeabletomakeafewdecisions.and【其他成分】Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility狀語；withlesshumansupervision狀語；atleast狀語；goalsthatposearealchallenge整個句子的同位語?！疚⒂^解析】同位語 被定語從句修飾【難點】動詞的并列，狀語的；同位語的識別需要關(guān)注【翻譯點撥】對于thenextsageofaboravingutility的處理，如果直譯就是：如果機器人要達定語轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語。Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediaydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.TheFeddecreasedtheinterestrate,suggestingtheeconomyisThehumanmindcanprocesstheinformationwithhighaccuracyandspeed.Themonkeyandsuspiciousfacementionedinthetextaretherelevant disregard拋棄，丟棄irrelevant不相干instantaneously立即winding蜿蜒曲折的suspicious可疑的【主干識別】thehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediaydisregardthe98percent并列的兩個動詞glimpsedisregard【其他成分】thatisirrelevant修飾the98percent;focusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，focus的動作發(fā)出者就是句子主語humanmind?！疚⒂^解析】themonkeyorthesinglesuspiciousfacefocuson【難 】動詞的并列在主句中出現(xiàn)；而在現(xiàn)在分詞短語中出現(xiàn)并列賓語98％的不AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearchbutalsoachanging（發(fā)生了改變）definitionofwhatconstitutes(構(gòu)成要素)anacceptableresearchpaper.英文中的名詞英文中的名詞/形容詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分 翻譯為中文中的動詞英文中的名詞從句可以直接翻譯為中文中的名詞TheeconomicsystemofAmericadetermineswhatshallbeproducedandhowtheyshallbe的經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)決定了生產(chǎn)什么以及生產(chǎn)方式Thedefinitionofelementsconcerningsomeresearchpaperhasundergoneachange.Thestressongeologyhascapturedwideattention.(F/NG notgiven)Some是福利！Aof1.BA不翻譯constitutes…【其他成分】ofBritishgeologicalpublicationscomparison,overthelastcenturyandahalfpublications，anincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch賓語，achangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper并列賓語【微觀解析】anincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearchontheprimacyofresearchemphasis;researchdefinitionwhatof的賓語，what為賓語從【譯文賞析】將過去一個半世紀英國地質(zhì)學領(lǐng)域的物做一下比較，(我們)就會發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對科研的主導地位的強調(diào)不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化?！痉g點撥】在這個句中有兩個動態(tài)名詞一個是comparison，還有一個為emphasis，其中還有一個動態(tài)形容詞changing；在翻譯的處理上都翻譯為動詞，并增加概說的主語“我們”。IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomersdemands.IbelievethemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesame(1）fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,2）lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersand3）enlargedthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomersforcesthemassiveM&AwavetheglobalizationprocessM&A（并購）wave原因promotesthefallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts結(jié)因果倒置【詞匯突破】M&Amergersandacquisitions的縮寫表示合并和兼并的意思為經(jīng)濟術(shù)語。tradeandinvestmentbarriersglobalizationprocess全球化進程(可以作為寫作詞匯使用【主干識別】Ibelievethat+賓語從【其他成分】themostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesame為賓語從句主干；thatunderlietheglobalizationprocess為定語從句；“：”后為對forces的解釋；andinvestmentbarriers和enlargedmarkets后面接一個定語從句thatrequireenlargedoperations和后置定語形容詞短語：capableofmeetingcustomersdemands【難點】并列的三種力量，由于修飾語比較長和并列連詞較多使其解析較難Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.ItisentirelyforauditorstobelievescientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisontheTherationalscientistsdeservethetrustinregardto(關(guān)于theallocationof【詞匯突破】auditorsdistract【主干識別】Itisentirelyreasonabletobelievethat賓語從句.【其他成分】forauditors狀語；scientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.賓語從句。goingandhowtheywillgetthere定語從句修飾scientist；wheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthere定語從句中know的賓語從句；bythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.狀語；ofkeeoneeyeonthecashregister修飾thenecessity作定語。whiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope狀語修飾kee getthere處理為知道做什么，知道怎么做，這樣的表達符合中文的習慣。如果直接翻譯為：Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Wearetreatedtofine(非常hypocriticalspectacles景象我們看到Wearetreated (我們聽到ThecriticofAmericanmaterialismishypocritical.（正確Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocritical2.hypocriticalspectaclesnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:（）1）thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;（1）2）thepublisherofradicalbooks/whotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;3）thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracy(參與式)/inallphasesoflife,/whoseownchildrenareenrolledin（就讀于）privateschools.spectaclesampleradical激進的，根本的journalist，工作者advocate支持participatorydemocracyenrolledin入學，入【主干識別】wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply之后列出三種虛偽的景象的代表人物，舉例說明【微觀解析】定語從句還原為一個完整的句子：Thespectaclesnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply.其主干為：Thespectaclesseeminamplesupply；nowmorethanever為狀語。代表人物一thecriticofAmericanmaterialism（物質(zhì)主義的批評者）withaSouthampton進書的者）whotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants，定語從句講他們卻在三星級酒店就餐（因為激進主義者往往是最求生活極簡的）；代表人物三thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife（支持在人生的各個階段推崇參與制的）whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools定語從句講他們自己的孩子卻在私立學校上【難點】冒號后并列的三個部分就是三個名詞后面接上比較長的定語修飾，這樣就造成了閱讀的；式物質(zhì)主義的人卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進書籍的商卻在三星級餐廳【翻譯點撥】wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles如果直接翻譯那就是：我們被招待了很好的虛偽景象；這樣的說法并不符合中文的習慣，中文是多主動，英語多，因此句子轉(zhuǎn)譯為：我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景fine處理為非常。ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."Thenotesupsetthereaders.Thelineupsetthereaders.Butitisalittleupsetting（我們不免困惑不安toreadintheexplanatorynotesthat//acertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridge/theybothfalloffbridgeintotheriver—tofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."【詞匯突破】explanatoryupsettingconsistsofitisalittleupsettingtoreadthat+andthentofindthat+賓語從句；形式主語句，句子主語為toreadandtofind.在主語中帶有兩個動詞不定式中的賓語從句；【其他成分】intheexplanatorynotes狀語；acertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridge賓語從句主干；offwhichtheybothfallintotheriver起連接句子作用的定語從句；thelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers賓語從句主干；"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."Line的同位語?！疚⒂^解析】offwhichtheybothfallintotheriver還原為一個句子就是：theybothfallintotheriveroffthebridge.【難點】主語是兩個并列的成分識別并列主語是一點"撲通，撲通，185公斤重"這類對他們落水時以及對軍官們體重的描寫時，我們不免感到困惑不安。TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Thecustomersareattractedbytheonlineinteractivity,hospitality,andsecurity.Virtual ,andotherpioneersselltherightkindsofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersobtaininteractivity,hospitality,andsecurity(T)TheWebsitewithinteractivity,hospitality,andsecurityattainsthecompetitiveedge（獲得競爭=willattractonlineTheexamplesofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersshowthat//aWebsitesellingtherightkindofproducts//withtherightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.hospitalitysecurity【主干識別】Theexamplesshowthat…+賓語從句；主謂賓結(jié)【其他成分】ofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneers作example的同位語；我們把其看作為：AofB的結(jié)構(gòu)，A為上義詞，B為下義詞，這樣在翻譯的處理中我們不需要生硬的翻譯為“……的例子”；aWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.賓語從句sellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecurity現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾awebsite;賓語從句主干為：aWebsitewillattractonline后置定語中也出現(xiàn)并列產(chǎn)生，這樣了產(chǎn)生了?！痉g點撥】賓語從句單獨成句 在翻譯exampleof…的時候翻譯為“像……”Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theygathervariousdata.Theygatherallthedatatheycannotjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperiments/withhighachievers(優(yōu)秀的人).【詞匯突破】statisticsachievers獲得成功的人【主干識別】Theygatherallthedata.【其他成分】theycan的完整表達為：thattheycangather;that和gather；notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers整個部分是data的同位語。theresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachieverswithhighachievers為定語修飾experiments.【難點】同位語部分出現(xiàn)并列現(xiàn)象造成比較冗長產(chǎn)生閱讀難點也包括了那些取得了表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異者在實驗中的實驗結(jié)果。補充一些心理學術(shù)語biographicalcharacteristics biographicaldata biographicalinventory BiographicalInventoryforR&T 科研人才甄選傳記式 傳記式問卷測 傳記研biographicaltypecase 傳記式個案研Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholdersmeeting,Levinassertedthat"musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills"andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Therapmusicmaybeblamedforthecauseofsociety’sSomedenouncerapmusicasthecauseofsociety’sDuringthediscussionofrocksingingverses(歌詞atlastmonth’sstockholdersmeetingLevinassertedthat"musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills"andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.【詞匯突破】versestockholderassertsocialill.【其他成分】Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholdersmeeting狀語；musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills賓語從句主系表結(jié)構(gòu)；ateacherintheBronx,NewYork同位語；whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.定語從句修飾ateacher?！倦y點】并列的動詞和同位語構(gòu)成一定的閱讀難【譯文賞析】在上個月的股東大會上關(guān)于搖滾歌詞的討論中，宣稱說："音樂不是社會問題的原因"，他甚至還以他的兒子為例。他的兒子是紐約州克斯的一個教師，他兒子正在用說唱音樂與學生們?！痉g點撥】將同位語單獨翻譯為一個句子是在翻譯中的常用手法Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect",acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Thephysician-assistedsuicideisstillTheintentionofactorsjustifiestheTheharmfuleffectscanbeavoidedwithmoralThegoodeffectscanbebroughtbypeople’sThemedicalprinciplehastwinTheactionispermittedwiththegrantofthe1.AlthoughtheCourtruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assisted\\2.theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doublethemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect"wasacenturies-oldmoralmoralprinciplethemedicalprincipleof"double 原則holding(認為)\6.anactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisanactionispermissibleiftheactor(行為人intendsonlythegoodThephysician-assistedsuicideisstillillegal.