高考語法專題-過去分詞

PastParticiple(Revision)I.基本形式和意義動詞的-ed形式，即傳統(tǒng)語法所指的“過去分詞”。它是動詞的一種非限定形式。動詞的-ed形式兼有動詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。動詞的-ed形式和賓語或狀語一起構成-ed分詞短語.動詞-ed形式的基本形式是“動詞+-ed”，但也有不規(guī)則的形式。Whathappenedtothepeopleinthepicture?Theyare

injured

intheearthquake.StepⅠusedasAttribute

Whatshouldwedowiththesepeople?Weshouldsendtheinjured

peopletohospitalassoonaspossible.Theyfounda

damaged

caratthegateofthepark.(2)Iboughtsome

painted

chairs.(3)Helivesinthehouse

builtbyhisfather.(4)Haveyoureadthisbook

writtenbyLuXun？1.單個的過去分詞作定語位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面；過去分詞短語作定語位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。

(1)Heisoneof

those

invited.

(2)Nothing

reported

(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.

(3)Hewantedtointerview

someone

relatedto

thematter.2.過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those

等不定代詞時，要放在這些詞后面。abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass

一顆破碎的心

喪家之犬

已升起的太陽一次有組織的旅行

一個破玻璃杯

Practice:pleaseanalyzethefunctionsofthepastparticiples

在既定的時間內用所給的單詞被通緝的人被聘工人關切的神情有關人士inthegiventimewiththewordsgivenawantedpersonworkerswantedaconcernedlookthepeopleconcerned{{{3.過去分詞或過去分詞短語作定語時，其功能相當于一個定語從句。

(1)Welivedinahouse

builtbymyfather.(2)Thelecture

givenbyProfessorZhang

isabout

environmentalprotection.Welivedinahouse

thatwasbuiltbymyfather.Thelecture

whichwasgivenbyProfessorZhang

isaboutenvironmentalprotection.boilingwater=waterthatisboilingboiled

water=waterthathasboiled正在沸騰的水已經沸騰過的水polluted

water

printed

articles

已經被污染的水已經被打印的文章4.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進行的動作；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語表示一個已完成的動作；只有及物動詞的過去分詞才表示一個完成且被動的動作。退休工人逃犯歸國留學生Comparethefollowings:(正在變化的)(變化了的)

(正在凋謝的)(已經凋謝了的)(發(fā)展的)(發(fā)達的)(正在飄落的)(已經飄落了的)thechangingworldthechangedworldfadingflowersfadedflowersfallingleavesfallenleavesadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountryretiredworkersanescapedprisonerreturnedstudents

e.g.

Ihavemuchwork

todo.

Thebuilding

tobefinished

attheendofthisyearwillbe

ourlabbuilding.

Thebird

singinginthetree

isverybeautiful.

Didyouseetheboy

beingquestioned

bythepolice?5.todo

tobedonedoingbeingdone表示一個將來的動作表示一個正在進行的被動動作表示一個將來的被動動作表示一個正在進行的主動動作﹡﹡Thedifferences(usedasAttribute)Iknowthepeople

building

thehousethere.Thehouse

beingbuilt

overthereisashop.Thehouse

built

overthereisashop.(主動、進行）(被動、進行)(被動、完成）Completethefollowingsentences:Doyouknowtheman___________________________(跟我們數(shù)學老師談話的)？Ilostthepen___________________(我叔叔買的)。talkingtoourmathsteacherboughtbymyuncle6.有時通過一個數(shù)詞或形容詞加另一名詞的過去分詞可構成生動形象的復合形容詞e.g.athree-leggeddeskaone-eyedgeneralanhonest-facedmanfiveblue-eyedforeignerswarm-heartedgood-tempered一張三條腿的桌子一個獨眼的將軍一個長相誠實的男人五個藍眼睛的外國人Exercises1.Therepairscostalot,butit’smoneywell

.

A.tospendB.spentC.beingspentD.spending2.Theprizeofthegameshowis＄30,000andanallexpenses_____vacationtoChina.A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid3.Thedisc,digitally___inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded4.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningcompany,___as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown

BBABStepⅡusedasPredicative

Thefilmis

moving.

Theaudiencesfeel/are

moved.1.-ing作表語與-ed作表語的區(qū)別

Theresult

ofthetestis

disappointing.I

feel

disappointed

intheresultofthetest.{Whata

surprising

result!Iam

surprised

atwhathesaid.{Conclusion:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的意義，常指事物；過去分詞表示被動的意義，常指人。Fillintheblankswiththerightform.

1.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas______(bore)andlonely.2.Jacklookedevenmore_________(amaze)thanhefelt.3.Theresultswerevery______________(disappoint).4.Iwasthankedbythe__________(satisfy)customer.amazedboreddisappointingsatisfiedThewindowis

broken.

Thewindow

wasbroken

bytheboy.

Conclusion:be+

過去分詞，如果表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)是系表結構，此時它相當于一個形容詞；如果表示被動的動作是被動語態(tài)，此時主語為動作的承受者,后常跟by短語。2.過去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別Compare:{（1）完全形容詞化了的動詞-ed形式：可以被very等副詞修飾，可以有比較級等級形式。常見的有常見的有：bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。（2）有的動詞-ed形式可以被副詞well修飾，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,known,organized,prepared,written等。（3）其它副詞也可以修飾動詞-ed形式

，如：deeplymoved,highlydeveloped,heavily--populated等。3.注意事項4.動詞-ed形式作表語時，其后可以接介詞短語、不定式短語及that引導的賓語從句。e.g.:Heisverymuchdisappointedattheresult.Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson.I’msatisfiedthatyoudidn’ttellmealie.1.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot___frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC．lostD.missed2.Idon’tknowtherestaurant，butitis____tobequiteagoodone.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked3.Theyoungmanseemstobe_____inlaw．

A.interestingB.interestedC.interestD.beinginterested4.Haveyoureadthenewsintoday'snewspaper？Thisnewssounds_____.

A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage5.Shallwegoswimming?OK.I’lljustgoandget_____.A.changedB.tochangeC.tobechangedD.changingExercises:AABAAStepⅢusedasObjectComplement及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補表示一個完成且被動的動作;不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補只表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)。

Whenhearrived,hefoundalltheworkfinished.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.2.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補表示一個主動或正在進行的動作;現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作賓補表示一個正在進行的被動動作。

Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Isawthechildbeingbeatenbyhisfather.Thethiefwasbroughtin

withhishandstied

behindhisback.

Withalltheworkfinished,hewentback.（1）讓某人做某事/讓某事（被人）做（2）遭受某種損失或某種不愿要的結果1.havesthdone

Yesterdayshe

hadherwalletstolen.

Theoldman

hadhislegbroken

intheaccident.

2.介詞with＋賓語＋過去分詞Thevillagers

hadmanytreesplanted

justthen.

Ihave

hadmybikerepaired.ATTENTION﹡﹡Exercises:1.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit____oftenenough.

A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained2.Helenhadtoshout____abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makeherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard3.Ifyouwant_____immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdoneDDB4.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_____inthekitchen.

A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked5.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutBC1.作時間狀語Toldofhismother’saccident,Jackphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveadifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.2.作原因狀語Caughtintherain,hehadafever.InspiredbyOprahWinfery,shebecameconfident.StepⅣusedasAdverbial3.作條件狀語Givenmoretime,I’llbeabletodoitbetter.Cleared,thissitewouldbeveryvaluable.Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite.Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited.4.作讓步狀語Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Evenifgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnotsucceed.5.作方式狀語Iamreturningyourletterasrequested.Hewaswalkingsadlyasifinjured.6.作伴隨狀語Marycameoutoftheroom,followedbyherdog.Acrowdrushedin,armedwithsticks.Seen

fromthehill,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.Seeing

fromthehill,wecanseeourbeautifulschool.3.

Havingstudied

hard,hesucceededinpassingthefinalexam.4.Havingbeentold

tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturntohisvillage.Conclusion:1.過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞邏輯上的主語都為句子主語，但是過去分詞與主語之間存在被動關系，而現(xiàn)在分詞與主語之間存在主動關系。2.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式和過去分詞兩者都可表示“完成”和“被動”,但前者更加強調分詞動作明顯先于謂語動作;而后者的時間性不強。7.動詞的–ed形式與-ing

形式作狀語的區(qū)別：doing

havingdonedonehavingbeendone與句中主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，與句中謂語動作同時發(fā)生與句中主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系，先于謂語動作發(fā)生與句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系與句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系，且先于謂語動作發(fā)生Thedifferences(used

asAdverbial)﹡﹡Exercises:1.____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput2.____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.

A.Dressed B.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed3.____inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.

A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing4.When_____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered5.Whenfirst______tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingin