人教版高一英語必修1-Unit2-全套課件

SmallQuiz（小游戲）Lead-in

Let’sdoasmallquiztodistinguishthenationalflagsofdifferentcountries,andfindoutthelanguagesspokeninthesecountries.

EnglishAroundtheWorldtheUSACanadaNewZealandAustraliaSouthAfricatheUnitedKingdomIreland

IndiaAustraliaCanada

IndiaIrelandNew

ZealandSouth

AfricaThe

U.S.A.SingaporeGreat

BritainEnglisharoundtheWorldunit2Englishlanguageanditsdevelopment.differentkindsofEnglishLearningGoalsKnowledgeGoalsTopicWordsandExpressionsWords:elevatorofficialvoyagenativeapartmentactuallybasegradualidentityfluentfrequentcommandrequestexpressionSpanisheasternrecognizeaccentstraightblockin…ways在…方面

suchas例如 believeitornot信不信由你comeupwith提出comeuptoaplace參觀某地 everbefore從前

evenif/though即使 attheendof在…末期bebasedon在...基礎(chǔ)上closeto距離…近change…into把…變成 intheearlydays在早期

take…with…隨身攜帶 thesame…as與…相同的atpresent目前Expressions:DifficultiesinlanguagecommunicationDirectandIndirectSpeechRequestsandDemandsFunctionalItems

GrammarEnabletoknowmoreaboutthedifferencesbetweenvariousEnglish.DeveloptheabilityoflearningEnglishthroughdifferentways,suchasreadingnewspapers,magazinesandbooks,surfingtheInternet,etc.Haveapositiveattitudetowardsdifferentculture.UnderstandmorephrasalandidiomsofdifferentEnglish.AbilityGoalsEmotionGoalsTrytogetmoreinformationaboutdifferentEnglish.Theusageofdirectandindirectspeech.Trytousethesentencesthatcanexpressrequestsanddemands.ImportantandDifficultPointsImportantPointsTrytounderstandthedifferencesbetweennativeEnglishandforeigncultures,aswellasthebackgroundsofdifferentdevelopmentoftheircultures.TrytodeveloptheabilityofspeakingEnglish.DifficultPointsWhat’sthedifferencebetweenA.EandB.E?DoyouknowVOA?

DoyouknowBBC?(VoiceofAmerica)(BritishBroadcastingCorporation)A.E:AmericanEnglishB.E:BritishEnglish

WarmingUp笑話一則A:Doyoulikemovingpictures?B:Well.Yeah.Whynot?A:Ok,followme.B:what?A:Let’sgodownstairstomovethepictures.B:Oh,oh…….Movingpictures:movies:美國的舊時用法SomedifferentwordsinA.E.andBE.Am.EnglishBr.Englishelevatorliftfallautumnfirstfloorgroundfloorcandysweetcheckbillapartmentflatsubwayundergroundrailway1.Withyourpartner,listthecountriesthatuseEnglishasanofficiallanguage.2.WhichcountrydoyouthinkhasthemostEnglishlearners?3.Lookatthetitleofthefollowingpassageandguesswhatitisabout.Thenreaditquicklyandseeifyouareright.

Pre-reading1.Fastreadthepassagethentrytoanswer:HowdoesthemodernEnglishdevelop?WhytherearesomanykindsofEnglish？2.ListentothetapeReading3.Dotheexercise1onpage10,thengivethereasonthatthesentenceiswrong?1.Englishhadthemostspeakersinthe17thcentury.2.EnglishdevelopedwhennewsettlersandrulerscametoBritain3.Languagesfrequentlychange.4.Thelanguageofthegovernmentisalwaysthelanguageofthecountry.(F)(T)(F)(F)Answer1.Becauseafterthe17thcentury,morepeoplebegantospeakEnglishasaresultofEnglishconqueringotherpartsoftheworld.3.Becauselanguagesdon’tchangeoftenbutonlywhenpeoplecomeintoclosecontact.4.Becausethegovernmenthastousethelanguageofthecountrytoruleit.5.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesusedinIndia.6.ThisreadingpassagedescribesthedevelopmentofEnglishlanguage.(T)(T)ThelistofdevelopmentofEnglishDuringthe5thcenturyADBasedonmoreGermanBetweenaboutAD800and1150LikemoreDanishandFrenchBythe1600sShakespeareusedawidervocabularythaneverbefore1620BritishsettlersmovedtoAmericaninthe“Mayflower”Fromthe18thcenturyBritishcolonizedAustralia1765-1947EnglishspokeninIndiaBythe19thcenturyDictionariesstandardizedthespellingofEnglishReadthetextforthethirdtimeWhilereadingworkwithyour

partnersandmakeamapoftheEnglishspokencountriesyou’velearnedinthepassage,ifnecessaryyoumayrefertothemessageontheinternet.Thenanswerthequestion3onpage10.WhydomanypeoplespeakEnglish?Inferredanswerfromthetext:

Englandwasstrongandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworld.BritainruledsomecountriesandtaughtthemEnglish.

Whatotherfactorsaffectedtheuseoflanguage?internationalroleeconomicdevelopmentdevelopmentofdemocracytheimageintheworldculturaldevelopment

Fromtheaboveaspectstrytoanswerthesecondquestionbyyourself.——ThedevelopmentofEnglishWhenJuliusCaesar,latertobeRomanEmperor,invadedBritaininBC54-5,the“Celtic”tribeslivedintheBritishIsles.TheirCelticlanguagesstillsurviveas“Gaelic”inScotland&Ireland,“Welsh”,inWales,and“Manx”intheIsleofMan,aswellas“Breton”inFrance.TheRomansbroughtLatintoBritain,whichwaspartoftheRomanEmpireforover400years.ButearlyEnglishdidnotdevelopmainlyfromLatin.Background

InAD

878,theVikingsinvadedBritainfromScandinavia,bringingwiththemtheNorselanguage,thoughthiswassimilartotheoldEnglishorAnglo-Saxonlanguagealreadyused.ThedramaticarrivaloftheNormanarmyfromFrance,ledbyKingWilliamtheConquerorin1066,andthedefeatoftheEnglishKingHaroldattheBattleofHastings,broughtverybigchangestoEnglishlife.TheNormansbroughtwiththemtheOldFrenchlanguage,whichBackgroundbecamethelanguageoftheRoyalCourt,andtherulingandbusinessclass.SoitisunlikeFrench,SpanishandItalian,whichdidcomedirectlyfromLatin.“EarlyEnglish”wasthelanguageoftribeswhoinvadedfromtheEast,fromwhatisnowGermany.Theyspokedifferentdialectsofa“Germanic”language,fromwhichmodernGermandeveloped.ThisexplainswhyGermanandEnglishareoftensimilar,asmanyoftheirwordsdevelopedfromthesameoriginallanguage.

BackgroundDifferencesinvocabularyusage

gotothepicturesgotothemoviesundergroundsubwayliftelevatorinateamonateamrubbereraserflatapartmentlorrytruckpetrolgas

B.EA.E…JamesA.H.murrayNoahWebsterNoahWebsterSamuelJohnsonTheIntroductionofJamesA.H.MurrayJamesAugustusHenryMurray(7February1837–26July1915)wasaScottishlexicographerandphilologist.HewastheprimaryeditoroftheOxfordEnglishDictionaryfrom1879untilhisdeath.

AsayoungmanMurrayworkedasaschoolmasterandabankclerk,butalwaysmaintainedastronginterestinotherfields,particularlyphilology.In1879hewasinvitedbyOxfordUniversityPresstoeditthenewEnglishdictionarywhichhadbeenproposedbythePhilologicalSociety.TheIntroductionofNoahWebsterNoahWebster(16October,1758–28

May,1843)wasanAmericanlexicographer,textbookauthor,spellingreformer,wordenthusiast,andeditor.Hehasbeencalledthe“FatherofAmericanScholarshipandEducation.”His“Blue-BackedSpeller”bookswereusedtoteachspellingandreadingtofivegenerationsofAmericanchildren.IntheUnitedStates,hisnamehasbecomesynonymouswithdictionaries,especiallythemodernMerriam-Websterdictionarythatwasfirstpublishedin1828asAnAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.TheIntroductionofSamuelJohnsonSamuelJohnson(18September1709

–13December1784),oftenreferredtoasDr.Johnson,wasanEnglishauthorwhomadelastingcontributionstoEnglishliteratureasapoet,essayist,moralist,novelist,literarycritic,biographer,editorandlexicographer.JohnsonwasadevoutAnglicanandpoliticalconservative,andhasbeendescribedas"arguablythemostdistinguishedmanoflettersinEnglishhistory".Heisalsothesubjectof"themostfamoussingleworkofbiographicalartinthewholeofliterature":JamesBoswell'sLifeofSamuelJohnson.TheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagesexplanationsJourney,voyage,trip,tour,travel的用法區(qū)別1.journey指從一地到另一地，通常指陸地上的遠距離“旅行”，有時也可以表示經(jīng)常走的或長或短的“路程”。只作名詞。例如：E.g.Howlongisyourjourneytoschool?—Onlyabout10minutes.

2.voyage主要指遠距離的水上旅行，也可以指空中旅行意思為“航海、航空、航行”等。只作名詞。例如：

E.g.Sheusuallygetsseasickduringthevoyage.

TheymadeavoyageacrossthePacificbyair.3.trip

一般指時間短、距離近的“旅行、遠足”，也可以指長途旅行。在非正式用語中可代替journey。只作名詞。例如：E.g.Wemadeaboattriptotheislandlastweekandhadagoodtime.

4.

tour著重指旅行線路比較曲折，常表示“（周游各地的）參觀、訪問、（巡回）旅游、視察、購物、演出”等意思。可作動詞和名詞。例如：E.g.Iwilltourtheworldinthefuture.

M作“旅行、游歷”解，一般表示從一地到另一地旅行這一總的概念。常指長時間、遠距離的“旅行”。尤指出國旅行。可作動詞和名詞。其復(fù)數(shù)形式意思為“旅游筆記”、“游記”。例如：

E.g.Atpresent,manypeoplearefondoftravelintheirsparetime.

IamreadingabookaboutthetraveltoNorthPole.Theycamehomeafteryearsofforeigntravel.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.

1.Becauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanycountries.because&becauseof:因為，由于(1)Becauseyouareconcernedaboutme,Ifindthatlifeisfullofhope.(2)Becauseofyourconcern,Ifindthatlifeisfullofhope.因為你的關(guān)心，我發(fā)現(xiàn)生活充滿了希望。languagepoints(1)Becauseitrainedheavily,theboywentbackhomethroughthewoods.(2)Becauseoftheheavyrain,theboywentbackhomethroughthewoods.因為雨下得很大，那個男孩穿過樹林回家了。2.Actually,itwasbasedmoreonGermanthanpresentdayEnglish.(1)Actually:事實上，實際上adv(2)be…..basedon:以…..為基礎(chǔ)擴充：Itis+adj+of/forsbtodosth

當句式中形容詞修飾todosth時用for;若形容詞修飾sb，則用of。

E.g.It’skindofyoutohelpmecarrythebox.3.

…thereismorethanonekindofEnglishintheworld.morethanone+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。

4.

ItisnoteasyforaChinesepersontospeakEnglishaswellasanativeEnglishspeaker.

對于一個中國人來說把英語說得跟以英語為母語的人一樣好是不容易的。

句型：Itis+adj/n+forsbtodosth對于某人來說做某事是…Itisdifficultforhimtowalksolongintherain.

對他而言，在雨中走了這么久是很不容易的。

LearningaboutLanguage

Words1.officialn.

行政官員

ThePresidentandtheSecretaryofStatearegovernmentofficials.

總統(tǒng)和國務(wù)卿是政府官員。adj.

公務(wù)的,公職的,職權(quán)的Hisofficialdutieskepthimbusy.

公務(wù)使他繁忙不堪。官方的,正式的,官方認可的

Theyhavegotsomeofficialfiguresaboutthepopulation.

他們得到一些關(guān)于人口的官方數(shù)字。2.native

adj.

出生地的,故鄉(xiāng)的,本國的Attheendoftheyearsomepeoplewillgobacktotheirnativehomes.

年終時,有些人要回故鄉(xiāng)去。

當?shù)?人)的;原產(chǎn)于某地的ThepandaisnativetoWestChina.

熊貓產(chǎn)于中國西部。天生的,有天賦的

Theabilitytoswimisnativetofish.

魚生來就會游泳。n.

當?shù)厝?本地人

Areyouanative,orjustavisitor?

你是本地人還是外來人?3.frequentadj.

時常發(fā)生的,常見的

Researchisalsoadvancedbyfrequentconferencetoexchangeexperience.

經(jīng)常開會交流經(jīng)驗也促進了研究工作的發(fā)展。Trafficaccidentsarealarminglyfrequentoflate.

近來交通事故頻繁得嚇人。

vt

常到,光顧,常與…交往

Hefrequentsthelocalrestaurants.

他經(jīng)常光顧當?shù)氐牟宛^。4.commandn.

命令

Thegeneralissuedacommandthatallofthemshouldcomeatsixo’clock.

將軍頒布了一道命令,所有的人都要在六點鐘到。指揮,控制

Thearmyisundertheking’sdirectcommand.

軍隊由國王直接統(tǒng)帥。掌握;運用力,控制力HehasagoodcommandofFrench.

他的法文很好。部隊,兵團;指揮部Doyouknowwhere’stheUnitedNationsCommand?

你知道聯(lián)合國部隊司令部在什么地方嗎?vi.

指揮;控制

Youhavenorighttocommand.

你沒有權(quán)利指揮。vt.

命令

Hecommandedthatmangoatonce.

他命令那個人馬上走。掌握,支配Thecaptainofashipcommandsalltheofficersandmen.

艦長統(tǒng)率艦上的全體官兵。MorphologyActualGradualFluentFrequentofficialActuallyGraduallyFluentlyFrequentlyofficially形容詞副詞developmoveimproveArrangemanage

developmentMovementimprovementArrangementManagement動詞

名詞Eeup

上來;走近

Whileweweretalking,amancameup.

我們正在談話時,一個人走了過來。發(fā)生

Iexpectsomethingtocomeupsoon.

我預(yù)料很快就要出事的。升起;長出來;響起,刮起

Theskywasdarkblueandclearwhenthemooncameup.

月亮出來時,天空是深藍色的,非常晴朗。開庭

Animportantwitnesswasabsentwhenthecasecameup.

開庭時,有個重要的證人沒有出席。顯露光澤,開始發(fā)光

Thesilverhascomeupbeautifully.

那銀器顯露出美麗的光澤。

提到,提及

Theprojectcameupintheirconversation.

他們在談話中提到了這項工程。2.playapartin在…中起作用

Womenplayaveryimportantpartinsocialistconstruction.

婦女在社會主義建設(shè)中起著很重要的作用。

Inaplaysingingandactingplayanimportantpart.

在戲劇中唱和表演起很重要的作用。

3.makeuseof使用，利用

Weshouldmakeuseofthechance.

我們應(yīng)該利用機會。

Wastematerialmustismakefulluseof.

廢棄材料必須充分利用。4.atpresent目前,現(xiàn)在

Thatfirmislookingforanewaccountant.Atpresentthesalarytheywillofferhasbeenleftopen.

那家公司正在物色一位新的會計,工資多少尚未確定。

Heisallrightatpresent.

現(xiàn)在他沒事了。5.becauseof

因為,由于

Itwasbecauseofthejobthathehadtakentheflat.

他因為工作的原因租了那套公寓。

Sheisherebecauseofme.

她是因為我而到這里來的。1.in/on2.at/on3.past/after4.in/on5.From/than6.in/onB.E:inA.E:onB.E:atA.E:onB.E:pastA.E:afterB.E:inA.E:onB.E:fromA.E:thanB.E:inA.E:onDotheexercise4onpage11trytomakeadifferencebetweentheB.EandA.E.SomeEnglishproverbsAllgoodthingscometoanend.

天下沒有不散的筵席。

Allriversrunintosea.

海納百川。

AllroadsleadtoRome.

條條大路通羅馬。

Allthatendswelliswell.

結(jié)果好，就一切都好。

Allthatglittersisnotgold.

閃光的不一定都是金子。Structures一、表達命令的句型1.Don’t+動詞原+賓語+其他：不要做某事2.主語+hadbetter+賓語+其他：最好不要做某事3.Don’tlet+賓語+動詞原形+其他：不要讓某人（某物)做某事4.Never+動詞原形+其他：不要再做某事5.Don’tbe+表語：不要……6.asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事

二、請求的句型1.wouldyouplease...?

couldyouplease...?

你能…嗎？/你可以…嗎？2.Wouldyoumind+動詞原形：如果不介意的話…..3.Howabout+動名詞+其他：

…..怎么樣可以么？4.Please+動詞原形：請……5.Wouldyoulike+動詞原形：…..可以么?請求與命令的轉(zhuǎn)述方式一、注意所使用的動詞

英語常用的表示命令、請求和建議的動詞有advise,ask,invite,order,remind,request,tell,warn等。advisevt.勸告;建議Mymotheradvisedmetowearmybestclothes.

我媽媽建議我穿上最好的衣服。2.askvt.請求;邀請Iaskedthemtocometomyhousefordinner.

我請他們來我家吃飯。

3.invitevt.邀請Lisainvitedustocometoherparty.

Lisa邀請我們參加她的聚會。4.ordervt.命令;指揮

Theyorderedhimnottostop.

他們命令他不要停下。

5.remindvt.使想起;提醒

RemindmetowritetoMother.

請?zhí)嵝盐医o媽媽寫信。

6.requestvt.要求;請求

Werequestthevisitorsnottopicktheflowers.

我們要求參觀者不要摘花。

7.tellv.t.告訴;告誡;命令;警告

Itoldyounottodoit.我叫你不要做這個。

8.warnv.t.警告;告誡(常與of連用)指對于確實的危險所作的警告,具有命令的意思。

Shewaswarnednottocomeintheroom.

她被警告不得進入那間屋子

由此可見,上述動詞作謂語時有一個共同的特點,即都可以使用如下句型:

advise/ask/invite/order/remind/request/tell/warnsb.todosth.建議/要求/邀請某人做某事。如果是否定句,則在to前加not。在這個句型中,不定式作賓語補足語。

三、注意由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語句子的方法。

要注意直接說的話(稱為直接引語)與轉(zhuǎn)述的話(稱為間接引語)在表達上是不一樣的。由于表示的是命令、請求和建議,所以直接說的話多用祈使句式。

1.肯定句的變法

PleasereadEnglishinthemorning,Jim,saidMissLiu.→MissLiuaskedJimtoreadEnglishinthemorning.

2.否定句的變法

Don'ttalkinclass,Mr.Greenwarnedme.→MrGreenwarnedmenottotalkinclass.

Theexpressionsthatcanexpresscommands:CorrectyourspellingmistakesGoand…!Dothatnow!Saythatagain!Holdthatagain!Takethedogforawalk!Theexpressionsthatcanexpress

requests:Howdoyouspellthatplease?Wouldyoudothatmoreslowly?Please…wouldyouplease…?Couldyourepeatthatsentence?Wouldyoupleasespeakmoreslowly?CanIsithereandwaitforthedoctor?1.Thechildrensaidtotheirteacher:“wouldyoupleasesingasongforus?”2.Themothersaidtoherchild:“turnofftheradio.”3.Thedentistsaidtoapatient:“openyourmouthplease,soIcanseethebadtoothclearly.”4.Thesecretarysaidtothewomanonthephone:“couldyouholdonforaminute?”5.Johnsaidtohisclassmate:“canIborrowyoupenplease?”6.Theteachersaidtohisstudent:“comeuptomyoffice!”Theexercisesforretellingdirectspeechtoindirectspeech.1.Thechildrenaskedtheirteachertosingasongforthem.(request)2.Themothertoldherchildtoturnofftheradio.(command)3.Thedentistaskedhis/herpatienttoopenhis/hermouthsothathe/shecouldseethebadtoothclearly.(request)4.Thesecretaryaskedthewomanonthephonetoholdonforaminuteortwo.(request)Suggestedanswersfortheexercises:5.Johnaskedhisclassmateifhecouldborrowhispen(request)6.Theteachertoldhis/herstudenttocomeuptohis/heroffice.(command)Suggestedanswersfortheexercises:Fastreadthepassagethenanswer:IsthereastandardofEnglish?DoestheNJoftheTVspeakastandardEnglish?WhyaretheresomanykindsofEnglishintheworld?HowmanykindsofEnglishdoyouknow?UsingLanguage中國的漢語方言地圖ListeningListentotheconversationandanswerthequestions.1.WhatdoesBufordthinkofTexas?Howdoyouknow?2.HowlargewastheCatfish?3.WhydidLestergetoutofthewatersoquickly?4.WhydidBuffordandBigBillyBoblaugh?Thesuggestedanswerstothesequestions:Hebelievesit’salmostadifferentcountryfromtheUSA.Thelisteningtexttellsus.Theboysthoughtthatthecatfishwasalmostthesizeofahouse.Hethoughtthecatfishwouldeathim.TheylaughedbecauseLasterbelievedthecatfishwouldhurthim.Afteransweringthequestions,canyouretellthelittlestory?Dotheexercise3onpage14,thenretellthestory.subway=underground:地下鐵corner=block:轉(zhuǎn)角Couldyouplease…..:委婉的請求round=around

介詞on:表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向,這里的方向指相對。E.g.ChinafacesthePacificontheeast.

ReadingandSpeakingWriting

Pleasethinkaboutthetwosituations.Usetheexpressionshavebeengivenandtrytomakeadialoguewithyourpartner.Payattentionthetoneyou’vechosen.Summing-up重點詞匯：officialvoyagenativeactuallybasegradualidentityfrequentcommandrequestexpressionSpanishrecognizestraightblock重點短語：makearequest請求 requestthat…(should)+v原形inonedirection朝一個方向bedifferentfrom與…不同

inthe1600’s=inthe1600sgivecommands

命令asa

rule

通常；照例 benativeto

是…的土產(chǎn)動物/植物asweknow

正如我們所知aninternationallanguage

一門國際語言

aninternational

organization

一個國際組織

playarole/part(in)

在…中擔任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一個角色；參與

playanimportantrole/part

在…中起重要作用

becauseof

因為；由于

話題：Englisharoundtheworld功能：命令(asking)請求(request)語法：請求與命令的句型和其轉(zhuǎn)述高考鏈接1.Lizziewas____toseeherfriendoffattheairport.(2004，全國卷IV) Aalittlemorethansad BmorethanalittlesadCsadmorethanalittle Dalittlemorethansad

解析：morethanalittle+adj.表“非常”的意思。

B2.—Wouldyoupleasehelpmewiththebox?—______（2009，四川）

A.Yes,please.B.No,pleasedon’t.C.Withpleasure.D.Mypleasure.

解析：Withpleasure.表示答應(yīng)別人的請求但是還沒幫;Mypleasure.表示已經(jīng)幫過忙了，是回答別人感謝的用語。C3.Amyjoinedapaintinggroupbutdidn’tseemto____,sosheleft.A.showoffB.goupC.fitinD.comeover

解析：showoff“炫耀，賣弄”;goup“增多，興建”；fitin“適應(yīng)，相處融洽”;comeover“來訪，拜訪“。由“…,sosheleft”可知C。CExercises1.Mr.Huangwill________inthemovement.A.playaleadingpartB.takepartsC.playleadingpartD.takeapart2.Wediscussedwheretogoforawholemorning,butwedecidedtostayathome_____.A.attheendB.bytheendC.intheendD.onend3._____ofthestudentswhotookpartinthemilitarytrainingis450.A.AnumberB.AlotC.LotsD.ThenumberACD一、單項選擇4.Sometimes________Englishisquitedifferentfrom_______Englishinmanyways.A.speaking,writingB.spoken,writtenC.speaking,writtenD.spoken,writing5.Canyoutellmeifyouhavefoundthekey________yourcar.A.for