【語法課件】時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)

Welcome動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一.什么叫時(shí)態(tài)?

在英語中,發(fā)生在不同時(shí)間的謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)要用不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表示;有時(shí)候,發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間的謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),由于說話者所強(qiáng)調(diào)的方面不同,也要用不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式表示.這里所說的不同的謂語動(dòng)詞形式就是我們常說的不同的謂語時(shí)態(tài).二.時(shí)態(tài)跟時(shí)間狀語有關(guān)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

(often/always/sometimes/usually/occasionally/atpresent/everymorning…)

Childrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveryquickly.Everydaysheisthelasttoleavetheoffice.構(gòu)成法:is/am/are,do/does

2.一般過去時(shí)

(often/always/occasionally/5daysago/lastweek/5dayslater/after5days/theyearbeforelast/onJuly1,1986…)OftenIdidnotseePapauntiltheevening.Healwayswenttoworkonfoot.IwasborninJuly,1987.3.一般將來時(shí)

(infuture/inthefuture/fromnowon/soon/in5years/nextyear/inthe22ndcentury…)Infuture,we’ll

pay

moreattentiontotheprotectionofourenvironment.Myfatherwillbebackhomeinafewdays.

構(gòu)成法:動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成法:will/shall

+動(dòng)詞原形(“is/am/areto+動(dòng)詞原形”或“is/am/aregoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”)4.過去將來時(shí)(soon/inafewdays/thenextweek…)

Johntoldmethathewouldgoabroadthenextday.Thegovernmentpromisedthathelpwouldcomesoon.5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(now/justnow/atthemoment…)Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(then/at10yesterdaymorning/thistimeyesterday/atthattime…)Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterdayevening?構(gòu)成法:would/should+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成法:is/am/are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:was/were+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞7.將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

(thistimetomorrow/at8nextMonday/whenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai…)WhenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai,we

willstillbesleeping.8.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sincetheygotmarried/sofar/inthepastfewdays/inthelast3years/inrecentyears,uptonow…)Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheriver.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenillforseveraldays.構(gòu)成法:will/shallbe+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:has/have+動(dòng)詞過去分詞9.過去完成時(shí)(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/by2000/bythetimeWorldWarIIbrokeout/afewyearsbefore…)Bysixo’clock,theyhadworkedtwelvehours.Bythetimehecameback,Ihadgonetobed.Whenhewokeup,everythinghadchanged.10.將來完成時(shí)(bytheendofthisyear/bythetimeIgraduatefromcollege…)BythetimeIgraduatefromcollege,Ishallhave

stayedinWuhanforfouryears.

構(gòu)成法:had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞構(gòu)成法:will/shallhave+動(dòng)詞過去分詞11.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

(fortwohours/since5o’clockthismorning…)Ihavebeenwaitingforyousince5o’clockthismorning.12.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

(foralongtime/since1999…)

Howlonghaditbeenrainingbeforeyoushutthewindow?構(gòu)成法:has/havebeen+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成法:hadbeen+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)狀語從句的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)考查比例較大的幾點(diǎn)歷年高考題練習(xí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。一般過去時(shí)僅僅說明動(dòng)作在過去，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。常與一些時(shí)間狀語連用：如：already;yet;bythistime;just;ever;never;now;before;lately等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

例一：---Where__you__thekey?I___ityet.A.did,put;didn’tfindB.did,put;haven’tfoundC.have,put;haven’tfoundD.have,put;didn’tfindB

例二：---Oh,it’syou!I____you.---I’vejusthadmyhaircutandI’mwearingnewglasses.didn’trecognizeB.hadn’trecognizedC.haven’trecognizedD.don’trecognizeA2.Itisthefirst/second…timethat從句。的從句中一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。另外：“Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句…”中，從句動(dòng)詞通常用過去時(shí)，主句用完成時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

例三：---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.havegoneB3.有些瞬間性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。要連用時(shí)須用狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。成對(duì)的詞有：Become/be;die/bedead;leave/beaway;jointhearmy/servethearmy…現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

例四：NMET84年

She___Robertforayear.A.marriedB.marriedwithC.hasbeenmarryingD.hasbeenmarriedtoDMarry是瞬間性動(dòng)作，不能和for+時(shí)間段的狀語連用。要表示狀態(tài)的用hasbeenmarriedtosb.“和某人結(jié)婚”是marrytosb.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定的時(shí)間可用時(shí)間狀語連用。如：atthattime;at8o’clock;when…也可用上下暗示。

例五：

IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworkedB

例六：Shirley___abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswritingD

例七：----Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!----Oh,I’mterriblysorry,______.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnoticeB2.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用于由when、while、as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，表示背景，引出由一般過去時(shí)表示的新動(dòng)作?；颍哼^去進(jìn)行時(shí)（表示背景）+when+一般過去時(shí)（新發(fā)生的動(dòng)作）。此時(shí)when相當(dāng)于atthattime;justthen.

例八：ThereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravelA時(shí)間、條件、程度狀語從句中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)在once,incase,onconditionthat,if,unless,aslongas等詞引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，though,although,nomatter加疑問詞以及疑問詞與ever構(gòu)成的合成詞引出的讓步狀語從句中以及themore…themore

結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的程度狀語從句中，當(dāng)主句中的動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，從句中的動(dòng)詞通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間。

例九：Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompletedD

例十：Ifit___tomorrow,thesportsmeetwillnotbeheld.A.rainsB.willrainC.goestorainD.shallrainA3.有部分動(dòng)詞(主要是短暫性動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞)可以用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替

將來時(shí),即:用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí).

(也可用將來時(shí))Areyoudoinganythingspecialthisevening?

=Areyougoingtodoanythingspecialthisevening?I’mafraidhe’s

dyingsoon.=I’mafraidhe’lldiesoon.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.=IwastoldshewouldleaveforNewYorkthenextday.4.在以下短語后面的從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí):

makesure,makecertain,seetoit,besure等.Pleaseseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingthelab.

5.凡是按預(yù)定時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),例如:汽車、火車、輪船、飛機(jī)、上下課等.

(也可用一般將來時(shí))Hisplanetakesoffat11:30.Let’shurryandseehimoff.6.含有always的謂語用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表示反感、反對(duì)、贊揚(yáng)、欣賞等感情色彩.Sheisalwaysthrowingherthingsaround.總結(jié)性練習(xí)1.WhenIwasatcollegeI___threeforeignlanguages,butI

allexceptafewwordsofeach.A