【公開課課件】第一部分 專題2非謂語動(dòng)詞

Grammar第一部分

詞法篇——?jiǎng)釉~專題1動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)專題2非謂語動(dòng)詞專題3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣PART

1高頻考點(diǎn)清單PART

2重溫高考真題PART

3熱考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)專題2非謂語動(dòng)詞PART1高頻考點(diǎn)清單非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式及句法功能種類時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)主語賓語賓補(bǔ)表語定語狀語不定式一般式todotobedone√√√√√√進(jìn)行式tobedoing×完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeingdone√√×√√×完成式havingdonehavingbeendone分詞現(xiàn)在一般式doingbeingdone××√√√√完成式havingdonehavingbeendone過去一般式done(vi.)表完成done(vt.)表被動(dòng)與完成××√√√√非謂語動(dòng)詞的核心考點(diǎn)1.非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語(1)不定式作狀語①表示目的IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.②不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動(dòng)詞不定式前常加only。Georgereturnedafterthewar，onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語①一般式doing表示動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，與句子的主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Thesunbegantoriseinthesky，bathingthemountainingoldenlight.(主動(dòng)關(guān)系)②完成式havingdone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。Igottotheofficeearlierthatday，havingcaughtthe7：30trainfromPaddington.③被動(dòng)式havingbeendone表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前，與句子的主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Havingbeenaskedtoworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm.(被動(dòng)意義，非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前)(3)過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，與句子主語之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Seenfromthetopofthemountain，thecityisverybeautiful.(被動(dòng)關(guān)系)2.非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome，therewasapileofmailswaitingforher.(2)不定式作定語不定式作定語表示未做的事情。Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.不定式作定語的特殊用法：①下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance，right，courage，promise，time，opportunity，way，thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等。②不定式作定語和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。Thereisnoonetolookafterher.③不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Sheisnowlookingforaroomtolivein.(3)過去分詞作定語過去分詞(短語)作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或完成。Youcannotacceptanopinionofferedtoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.Hisfirstbookpublishedlastmonthisbasedonatruestory.注意：表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式，意為“令人……的”；動(dòng)詞-ed形式，意為“(人)感到……的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名詞。3.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語(1)動(dòng)詞afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等后面接不定式作賓語；動(dòng)詞come，get，grow后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，意為“逐漸地……”。Davidrefusedtoacceptmyinvitation.Shehasahottemper，butyouwillgrowtolikeher.注意：下列單詞或短語后可接“疑問詞＋不定式”作賓語：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，findout，advise，discuss等。Idon’tknowhowtodealwiththiskindofmatter.(2)①動(dòng)詞admit，appreciate，avoid，consider(考慮)，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，risk，resist，suggest等后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.②動(dòng)詞短語can’tstand，giveup，feellike，keepon，insiston，lookforwardto，putoff，devote...to，objectto，bebusy(in)，getdownto，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，havefun等后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。Ihadgreatdifficulty(in)findingthesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.③介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如whatabout，howabout，befondof，begoodat等的介詞后接動(dòng)名詞。注意on/upondoingsth.

＝assoonas引導(dǎo)的從句，作此意講時(shí)on/upon后也可以接名詞。Onhisarrival/Onarrivingatthestation，hefoundthetrainhadjuststarted.注意：①表示一種傾向多接動(dòng)名詞作賓語；表示某一特定的或具體的行動(dòng)，多接不定式作賓語。Ilikelisteningtomusic，buttodayIdon’tliketo.②want，require，need表“需要”講，后用不定式時(shí)，要用其被動(dòng)形式；用動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，用其主動(dòng)形式(表被動(dòng)意義)。Thepatientrequiredtobeexamined.Thepatientrequiredexamining.4.非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，it作形式主語)(2)不定式作主語Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短語作主語，it作形式主語)5.非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)分詞作補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別①現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞有主謂關(guān)系；二是現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行?？山蝇F(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語)常見的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，send，listento，lookat等。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.IheardanEnglishsongbeingsungbyalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(被動(dòng)，正在進(jìn)行)②過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的兩大特征：一是及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；二是不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與賓語有主謂關(guān)系，多用來表示動(dòng)作已完成?？山舆^去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：have，see，hear，find，leave，want，make等。Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.Iwassurprisedtofindmyhometownchangedsomuch.(2)不定式作補(bǔ)語①接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，此類動(dòng)詞(短語)有：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，invite，leave，like，mean，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，callon，dependon/upon，longfor，waitfor等。Ididn’tmeanyoutohearit.We’realllongingforthenewtermtobegin.②接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語)有：make，have，let等使役動(dòng)詞以及see，watch，notice，observe，lookat，feel，hear，listento等感官動(dòng)詞。如果這些動(dòng)詞或短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，則to不可省略。動(dòng)詞help后的不定式符號to可以省略，也可以保留。Letthoseinneedunderstandthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.Shewasseentoenterthemanager’sofficetenminutesago.(3)with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)Themanfeltveryhappywithsomanychildrensittingaroundhim.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhisworkfinished，hegladlyacceptedit.Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle，thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.6.非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語(1)動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)，說明主語的內(nèi)容。Thequeen’sworkislayingeggs.(2)不定式作表語時(shí)，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來的動(dòng)作。HisambitionistogotoHarvardUniversity.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作表語時(shí)，通常為分詞化的形容詞。書面表達(dá)中非謂語動(dòng)詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦1.缺少非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)意識(誤)Wethoughtitwrongforhertopunish.(正)Wethoughtitwrongforhertobepunished.(誤)Themanlayonhisback，withhiswholebodyburyinginthesand.(正)Themanlayonhisback，withhiswholebodyburiedinthesand.2.缺少搭配意識(誤)WouldyoupleasestoptowatchTV？Youhavewatcheditfortoolong.(正)WouldyoupleasestopwatchingTV？Youhavewatcheditfortoolong.(誤)Yoursuitneedstoiron.(正)Yoursuitneedsironing.(正)Yoursuitneedstobeironed.3.缺少前后主語一致意識(誤)Before

handinginyourtestpaper，itisnecessarytogooverthewholepaper.(正)Before

handinginyourtestpaper，youshouldgooverthewholepaper.(正)Before

you

handinyourtestpaper，youshouldgooverthewholepaper.4.缺少結(jié)構(gòu)意識(誤)Timepermits，I’lltalkforanotherhour.(正)Timepermitting，I’lltalkforanotherhour.(誤)Havingnotbeeninthecitylong，Iwasstillastrangerthere.(正)Nothavingbeeninthecitylong，Iwasstillastrangerthere.PART

2重溫高考真題12345678考向1作賓語或補(bǔ)足語Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Iquicklylowermyself，duckingmyheadtoavoid

(look)directlyintohiseyes.(2018·全國Ⅲ)答案解析解析動(dòng)詞avoid后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛，故用looking。looking2.Oncehismessagewasdelivered，heallowedme

(stay)andwatch.(2018·全國Ⅲ)答案解析解析固定短語allowsb.

todosth.

允許某人做某事，應(yīng)該用tostay作賓補(bǔ)。to

stay123456783.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph

(take).(2018·天津)答案解析解析句意為：我需要一個(gè)新護(hù)照，所以我得去讓人給我拍照片。本題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語myphotograph與take之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。taken123456784.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired_________(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017·全國Ⅰ)答案解析解析requiresth.

/sb.

todosth.

需要某物/某人做某事，此處用其被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)，所以填動(dòng)詞不定式toprocess作主語補(bǔ)足語。to

process123456785.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt；by

(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017·全國Ⅰ)答案解析解析表示方式的介詞by之后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。eating123456786.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，

(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(2017·全國Ⅱ)答案解析解析included后的dig，lay，build是三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作，根據(jù)digging及building可知，lay也應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作included的賓語。laying123456787.ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wants

(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2017·全國Ⅲ)答案解析解析wanttodosth.

想要做某事，動(dòng)詞不定式作want的賓語。to

prove123456788.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout

(use)electricequipment.(2015·全國Ⅱ)答案解析解析介詞without之后的動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)名詞形式。using12345678Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.(2018·全國Ⅰ)selling答案解析解析此處用動(dòng)名詞作介詞by的賓語。123452.Asakid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem，myparentswouldnotletme.(2018·全國Ⅱ)watch答案解析解析asktodosth.

要求做某事。123453.Whensummercomes，theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables！(2017·全國Ⅱ)答案解析解析invitesb.

todosth.

邀請某人做某事。∧to123454.Wecanchoosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.(2016·全國Ⅱ)taking答案解析解析此處為between...and...結(jié)構(gòu)，連接動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語，故此處也要用動(dòng)名詞形式，與前面保持一致。123455.ThepositionoftheclassroomwithitsviewmademefeltlikeIwasdreaming.(2015·浙江)feel答案解析解析make后跟復(fù)合賓語，當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)為動(dòng)詞且與賓語之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞原形。12345考向2作主語或表語Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Ittookhimalongtime

(acquire)theskillsheneededtobecomeagooddancer.(2018·天津)答案解析解析句意為：他花了很長時(shí)間才獲得成為一名好舞者所需要的各項(xiàng)技能?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式作主語。在Ittakes/tooksb.

sometimetodosth.

句型中，it作形式主語，不定式短語作真正的主語。to

acquire2.

(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.(2018·北京)答案解析解析句意為：沿著古絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有意義的經(jīng)歷?！?/p>

alongtheoldSilkRoad”作主語，要用動(dòng)名詞。TravelingⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2017·全國Ⅱ)interested答案解析解析interesting意為“有趣的”，多指事物；interested意為“感興趣的”，多指人。該句的主語是they，故用interested作表語。beinterestedin意為“對……感興趣”。2.Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ)Having答案解析解析分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知句子的主語應(yīng)為Haveteainthelateafternoon這部分，動(dòng)詞原形不能作句子的主語，所以應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式作主語?？枷?作定語單句語法填空1.ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s，whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter

(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全國Ⅰ)答案解析解析因?yàn)榫渲幸延兄^語動(dòng)詞was，故此處要用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。因permit與reporter之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞形式作后置定語。permitted12342.For25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomething_______(eat)！(2016·四川)答案解析解析不定式toeat作定語，修飾前面的不定代詞something。句意為：25天中，她寸步不離她的孩子，甚至不去找東西吃！to

eat12343.Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople

(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015·全國Ⅰ)答案解析解析句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞arranges，故應(yīng)考慮此處填非謂語動(dòng)詞。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用表示主動(dòng)意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語。living12344.Astudyoftravelers

(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.(2015·全國Ⅰ)答案解析解析句意為：TripAdvisor網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)對于旅行者的調(diào)查把陽朔列為世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，study與conduct構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)該使用過去分詞作定語，修飾名詞study。conducted1234考向4作狀語Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice__________

(improve)waterquality.(2018·全國Ⅱ)答案解析解析句意為：為了改善水質(zhì)，政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞而且謂語動(dòng)詞是encourages，故improve應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處用不定式作目的狀語。故填toimprove。to

improve1234562.Ordinarysoap，

(use)correctly，candealwithbacteriaeffectively.(2018·北京)答案解析解析因?yàn)榫渥又幸延兄^語動(dòng)詞，故此處要用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。句子的主語與use之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該用過去分詞作狀語，usedcorrectly相當(dāng)于ifitisusedcorrectly這個(gè)條件狀語從句的省略形式。句意為：普通的肥皂，如果使用得當(dāng)，可以有效地清除細(xì)菌。used1234563.Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod，

(exceed)theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.(2018·江蘇)答案解析解析句意為：在這段時(shí)期創(chuàng)造了大約13500個(gè)新工作，超過了市場分析家認(rèn)為的12000的預(yù)期數(shù)字。werecreated是謂語，因此exceed只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，句子的主語與exceed之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語。exceeding1234564.Sixteenyearsearlier，Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring________(cook)ameal.(2017·浙江)答案解析解析Pahlsson當(dāng)時(shí)摘掉鉆戒的目的是為了做飯，故用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。to

cook1234565.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal

(create)specialdesigns.(2016·全國Ⅲ)答案解析解析句中已有謂語combine，故此處應(yīng)考慮填非謂語動(dòng)詞，combinevarioushardwoodsandmetal的目的是tocreatespecialdesigns，故填動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。to

create1234566.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots，

(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.(2016·全國Ⅲ)答案解析解析第二句中已有謂語cooked，且無其他連詞，use與主句主語存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞形式作方式狀語。using123456Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Everyonewassilent，waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisorherparagraphaloud.(2018·全國Ⅲ)waiting答案解析解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，was為謂語動(dòng)詞，主語everyone與wait之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。2.Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.(2015·陜西)答案解析解析句意為：我也許明年得再退休一次，只是為了能得到更多的餅干。故此處用動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。∧to考向5固定搭配Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term

(rest).(2017·全國Ⅲ)答案解析解析spendtime(in)doingsth.

為固定搭配。resting1232.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice，you’llbelesslikely

(bring)yourworkhome.(2016·全國Ⅱ)答案解析解析固定表達(dá)belikelytodo...很可能做某事。to

bring1233.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough

(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；atthesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015·全國Ⅱ)答案解析解析“形容詞＋enough＋動(dòng)詞不定式”為常用句式。to

cool123Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords，“Speedup！”

“Slowdown！”

“Turningleft！”(2017·全國Ⅰ)Turn答案解析解析根據(jù)前面教練發(fā)出的兩個(gè)指令可知，這三個(gè)屬于并列結(jié)構(gòu)，都是祈使句，都以動(dòng)詞原形開頭。2.We’vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars.(2015·四川)singing解析spendtime(in)doingsth.

花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事，為固定搭配。答案解析PART

3熱考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday，

(wear)sunglasses.2.Shewishedthathewasaseasy

(please)ashermother，whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.3.

(build)in1192，thebridgeisover800yearsold.4.

(collect)stampsseemstobehismainhobby.5.Ididn’ttalkmuchtotheman

(sit)nexttome.6.Weather

(permit)，we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.查看答案wearingto

pleaseCollectingBuiltsittingpermittingⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.2.Well，Ihadbettertostopnow.3.Ilookforwardto