【公開課課件】第四部分 專題2 名詞性從句

Grammar第四部分

句法篇——從句與句式專題1定語從句專題2名詞性從句專題3并列句和狀語從句專題4主謂一致和特殊句式PART

1高頻考點(diǎn)清單PART

2重溫高考真題PART

3熱考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)專題2名詞性從句PART

1高頻考點(diǎn)清單框架結(jié)構(gòu)圖名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)中的連接詞名詞性從句中的連接詞有從屬連詞that/whether/if等，連接代詞what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever等，連接副詞where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever等。1.that的用法：(1)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.Thereportthattherewillbeaseverestorminthenorthernareaisfalse.(2)一般情況下，賓語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that可省略，但在以下幾種情況中that一般不省略：①當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語動(dòng)詞之間有插入語時(shí)；②有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；③介詞except，but，besides，in等后跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)；④當(dāng)when，who，what，where，why，how等引導(dǎo)的從句與that引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語動(dòng)詞的并列賓語時(shí)。Hejudgedthat，becausehewasachild，hedidnotunderstandwine.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.(3)that和what的區(qū)別。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的“先行詞＋關(guān)系代詞”，即常說的“先行詞＋that/which/who”。It’sashamethathehasmadesuchamistake.IwilldowhatIcan(do)tohelphim.(4)同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連接詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中作賓語或主語，與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語從句，就應(yīng)用連接詞that而不能用which。同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋說明名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定語從句只是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位語從句)ThehopethattheyexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定語從句)2.whether和if的用法：(1)whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語時(shí)連接詞一般用whether。Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.(2)后面直接跟ornot時(shí)用whether。Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.(3)主語從句、表語從句中只能用whether。Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.(4)whether可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，if則不能。Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.(5)whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，但if不能。Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.(6)賓語從句位于句首時(shí)或者賓語從句提前時(shí)用whether不用if。Thankyou，butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.(7)whether可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”，而if不能。Whetherhecomesornot，wewillbeginourpartyontime.3.“疑問詞＋-ever”和“nomatter＋疑問詞”的區(qū)別：(1)“疑問詞＋-ever”可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.(2)“疑問詞＋-ever”還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whoeverbreakstherule，hemustbepunished.Whateveryoudo，youmustdoitwell.(3)“nomatter＋疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Nomatterwhatyoudo，youmustputyourheartintoit.Nomatterwhocomeslate，hemustbepunished.4.when和where引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：when和where前面的名詞若是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞，則when和where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，否則為同位語從句。Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.(定語從句)Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.(同位語從句)主語從句的核心考點(diǎn)1.主語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語，大多數(shù)主語從句都可以用it作形式主語而把主語從句置于句尾。2.that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語，that不可??；what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“……的東西”時(shí)，一般不用it作形式主語；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主語。Thatshewillsucceediscertain.→Itiscertainthatshewillsucceed.Whatheneedsismoreexperience.常見的it替代that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的句式主要有以下幾種：(1)It＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that從句Itiscertainthatmostofthefarmershavebroughtinmoremoneybyallmeans.(2)It＋be＋名詞(短語)(apity，ashame，goodnews，afact，anhonour，awonder，nowonder等)＋that從句It’snowonderthatyou’veachievedsomuchsuccess.(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well-known，announced等)＋that從句Itissaidthattheprofessorhasalreadysucceededincarryingouttheexperiment.(4)It＋特殊動(dòng)詞(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that從句IthappenedtomethatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.注意：(1)在“Itisnecessary/important/strange/natural...＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語常用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。(2)在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語應(yīng)用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。賓語從句的核心考點(diǎn)1.動(dòng)詞的賓語從句(1)大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞(hope，tell，say等)可以帶賓語從句。Weallexpectthattheywillwin，formembersoftheirteamarestronger.Idon’tthinkyouareright.Idon’tsupposehecares，doeshe?(2)動(dòng)詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，則常用it作形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.(3)有些動(dòng)詞(短語)帶賓語從句時(shí)習(xí)慣上需要在賓語從句前加it。這類動(dòng)詞(短語)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，seeto等。Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfull.2.一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.注意：(1)where引導(dǎo)的從句有時(shí)也可用作介詞的賓語。Wecouldseethetemplequiteclearlyfromwherewelived.(2)that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介詞后偶爾可能用到。Yourcompositionisquitegoodexceptthattheorganizationisabitloose.(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容詞后也可帶賓語從句。I’msurethattheywillmakeitinspiteoftheterribleweather.表語從句的核心考點(diǎn)1.主句的主語是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名詞時(shí)，表語從句的謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)changeourcourse.2.主語為名詞reason時(shí)，表語從句中的連接詞要用that，而不用why或because。Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocarelessanddranktoomuch.3.because，asif，asthough，as，like等連接詞也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。Hehaslungdisease.Thatisbecausehehasbeensmokingtoomuch.同位語從句的核心考點(diǎn)同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞的內(nèi)容的從句。1.能接同位語從句的名詞有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。2.同位語從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，但也可以用連接代詞(what，which，who)、連接副詞(when，where，why，how)或whether引導(dǎo)。Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.3.有時(shí)同位語從句不緊跟在它所說明的某個(gè)名詞后，而是被別的詞隔開。ThestorygoesthatWilliamTelldidkillthekingwiththatsword.書面表達(dá)中名詞性從句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)聚焦1.語序問題(誤)Thesepicturesshowyouwhat

does

our

village

look

like.(正)Thesepicturesshowyouwhat

our

village

looks

like.賓語從句的語序應(yīng)用陳述語序，而不是特殊疑問句的語序。(誤)Do

you

thinkwhichoftheseisthemostusefulinvention?(正)Whichofthesedo

you

thinkisthemostusefulinvention?在疑問句中，賓語從句的連接詞應(yīng)擔(dān)當(dāng)特殊疑問詞的角色位于句首。2.what和that的運(yùn)用(誤)Americawasthatwasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.(正)Americawaswhatwasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.在名詞性從句中，連接詞that既不作任何句子成分，也沒有意義；而連接代詞what則相反，它既充當(dāng)從句的主干成分也有其自身的意義。另外，我們可以把what解釋為：the＋名詞＋that/which。3.whether和if的運(yùn)用(誤)Ifwe’llholdthepartyhasnotbeendecidedyet.(正)Whetherwe’llholdthepartyhasnotbeendecidedyet.whether適用于任何情況；if(作“是否”講)僅限于動(dòng)詞賓語從句中，但discuss，decide等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句除外。4.連接詞的使用易受漢語干擾(誤)ThereasonwhyIwaslateisbecauseIwastrappedinthetrafficjam.(正)ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwastrappedinthetrafficjam.第一句通過提取簡(jiǎn)化可得出：Thereasonisbecause...在英語中顯然造成了重復(fù)現(xiàn)象。PART

2重溫高考真題考向1賓語從句中的連接詞Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedto

winsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.(2018·天津)答案解析解析句意為：無論誰獲得自行車比賽第一名，金牌將授予他。分析句子可知，空格處作to的賓語，同時(shí)在后面的從句中作主語，再根據(jù)句意可知，從句主語指人，且意為“無論誰”，故用whoever。whoever1232.I’mnotsure

ismorefrightened，meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.(2018·全國(guó)Ⅲ)答案解析解析句意為：我不確定誰(哪一個(gè))更害怕，我還是突然出現(xiàn)的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語從句，空格處表示“誰”或“哪一個(gè)”，故用who/which。who/which1233.Asnaturalarchitects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly

thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅱ)答案解析解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個(gè)賓語從句。根據(jù)形容詞thick及結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這里的意思是印第安人算出土坯墻的確切厚度?？崭窈鬄樾稳菰~，因此空格上應(yīng)用副詞，故填how。how123Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.(2016·全國(guó)Ⅰ)where答案解析解析由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，介詞to之后為賓語從句，而賓語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。2.Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwhere

hisparentsweremissing.(2015·全國(guó)Ⅱ)或Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.that答案解析解析句意為：……他轉(zhuǎn)過身發(fā)現(xiàn)父母不見了。由句意可知，賓語從句句意完整且不缺少成分，所以應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)從句或省略。考向2表語從句中的連接詞Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Withouthissupport，wewouldn’tbe

wearenow.(2018·北京)答案解析解析句意為：假如沒有他的支持，我們就不會(huì)取得現(xiàn)在的成就。“

wearenow”是表語從句，結(jié)合句子的意思可知，此處表面意思是指我們所處的位置，故該從句應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。where12342.Thisis

myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.(2018·北京)答案解析解析句意為：這就是我父親教我的——總是要直面困難，并且抱最大的希望。“

myfatherhastaughtme”是表語從句，該空在從句中作teach的直接賓語，且表示“父親教我的道理”，故該從句應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。what12343.40gramsofmeatperdayis

peopleshouldconsumeinordertostayfit.(2018·北京海淀區(qū)二模)答案解析解析句意為：為了保持健康，人們每天應(yīng)該消耗40克肉?！?/p>

peopleshouldconsume”是表語從句，該從句中consume缺少賓語，且表示“所需消耗的東西”，故要用what引導(dǎo)該從句。what12344.Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonis

weoftendonotknowwhentheyarecoming.Peoplecannotprepareforit.(2017·河南中原名校聯(lián)考)答案解析解析設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，所以用that引導(dǎo)。that1234Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)Ibelievehardworkisthatittakestoaccomplishmygoal.(2018·河北石家莊二中一模)what答案解析解析本句中what引導(dǎo)表語從句，并在句中作動(dòng)詞take的賓語。that引導(dǎo)表語從句不作句子成分。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Everyyear，

makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(2017·北京)答案解析解析句意為：每年，在風(fēng)箏節(jié)上風(fēng)箏做得最漂亮的人會(huì)贏得獎(jiǎng)品。whoever無論誰，表泛指，在句中作主語，相當(dāng)于anyonewho。whoever考向3主語從句和同位語從句中的連接詞12342.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.

youcandohelps.(2016·北京)答案解析解析句意為：你的支持對(duì)我們的工作很重要，無論你們做什么都會(huì)有幫助。從句謂語動(dòng)詞do后面缺少賓語，且此處引導(dǎo)主語從句，故用whatever。Whatever12343.Itisoftenthecase

anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.(2016·江蘇)答案解析解析句意為：通常情況下，對(duì)于那些心存希望的人來說，一切皆有可能。本句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語為后面的名詞性從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺成分，故要用that引導(dǎo)。that12344.

youcanlearnfromtheantphilosophyis:Nevergiveup，lookahead，staypositiveanddoallyoucan.(2017·江西上饒模擬)答案解析解析分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且從句中l(wèi)earn后缺少賓語，故填What。What1234Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)It’sagreatpitywhatwewon’tbeabletofinishthetaskontime.(2017·唐山模擬)that解析It作形式主語，真正的主語為that引導(dǎo)的從句。答案解析PART

3熱考點(diǎn)集訓(xùn)Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.

weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.2.Ashipinharborissafe，butthat’snot

shipsarebuiltfor.3.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah，butIhavenoidea

hedidit；that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.4.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate

theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.5.Itdoesn’tmatter

youturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.查看答案Howwhatwhywhatwhether6.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided，andyouarefreetochoose__________suitsyoubest.7.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt

hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.8.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon

themeetingwouldbepostponed.9.Afarmeronceorganizedacompetitionbetweenhisdogandhisrabbit.Hedugaholeinoneofhisbiggestfields，andhidacarrotandaboneinit.Hewantedtosee

animalwouldfindthemfirst.10.Itcanbereallyupsettryingtoaskforsomethinginastoreortotellthetaxidriver

youaregoing.查看答案whicheverthatthatwhichwhereⅡ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1.ThatBarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.2.Itwasneverclearwhetherthemanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.3.Itisstillunderdiscussioniftheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.4.Hesaidhowalovelygirlshewas.5.Thevillagershavealreadyknownwhichwe’lldoistorebuildthebridge.Whatwhywhetherwhat查看答案what6.Whatheshoulddoishestaysathomeandwaitsforhismotherfromwork.7.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasbecausehisbikewentwrong.8.I’dliketostartmyownbusiness—that’showI’ddoifIhadmoney.9.Hecamelate.Thatwashegotuplate.10.Thequestionthatwhysomanypeoplewouldchoosetoliveinthecountrysidebuttoworkinthecityisstillunderdiscus