選修7第1單元語法：不定式復習

Martysays…2.Iusedtoclimbtrees,swimandplayfootball.3.ThenIstartedtogetweakerandweaker.HaveALk

Unfortunately,thedoctorsdon’tknowhowtomakemebetter,butIamveryoutgoingandhavelearnedtoadaptto

mydisability.4.Evenafterallthat,noonecouldgivemydiseaseanameanditisdifficulttoknow

whatthefutureholds.5.Sometimes,too,Iwastooweaktogoto

schoolsomyeducationsuffered.6.Myambitionistoworkforafirm

thatdevelopscomputersoftwarewhenIgrowup.Martysays…Martysays…7.LastyearIinvented…andabigcompanyhasdecided

tobuyitfromme.8.Ialsohavetodoalotofwork,especiallyifIhavebeenawayforawhile.9.Justacceptthemforwhotheyare,andgivethemencouragementtoliveasrichandfullalifeasyoudo.動詞不定式知多少？想一想：一不定式的構成二不定式的功能三不定式的否定式四不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)五疑問詞+不定式動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式。由“？”構成,其否定形式是“

？

”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。一、動詞不定式的構成

Atthe2004AthensOlympicGames,LiuXiangexcitedallthepeopleoverAsiawhenhebecamethefirstAsiantowinthegoldmedal/inthemen’s110-metrehurdles.1.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補足語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作表語7.作獨立成分8.與疑問詞等連用二、不定式的功能

Pickouttheinfinitivesinthesentencesandtelltheirfunctions.HepretendedtobereadingattentivelywhenIcamein.ItisofgreathelpforustolearnEnglishwell.Ididn’texpectMarytoinvitemetoherbirthdayparty.Shelistenstonewseverydaysoastofindoutwhat’sgoingon.Thecartobeboughtisforhissisters.Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreataim,andthedeterminationtoattainit.(賓語）(主語）(賓補）(狀語）(定語）(表語）不定式可作主、賓、表、定、狀、補語。起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用。歸納不定式

不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式主動式被動式與謂語動作的關系一般式todotobedone進行式/與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式知識梳理形式主動式被動式與謂語動作的關系一般式todotobedone動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后進行式tobedoing/與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/幾乎/發(fā)生在它之后.)(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進行)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)(4).We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwith

you.(完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù))不定式的時態(tài):ItissaidthatRobothasbeenstudyingabroad.—Robotissaidto__________________________.2.ItissaidthatRobotstudiedabroad.—Robotissaidto______________________.3.ItissaidthatRobotisstudyingabroad.--—Robotissaidto_____________________.4.ItissaidthatRobotwillstudyabroad.--—Robotissaidto_______________________.動詞不定式的語態(tài)㈠.主動式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)WewanttolearnEnglishwell.Heisthefirststudenttohavegottheprize.Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.Shewishedtohavebeenreadingasmuchastheothers.當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者時.不定式的使用動詞不定式的語態(tài)㈡.被動式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Thechairmanannouncedthemeetingtobestarted.3.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairports,onlytobetoldthefilmstarhadleft.4.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearstohavebeentoldeverything.當不定式邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時.不定式的用法動詞不定式的語態(tài)1.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.（上海98）beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.2.Thetransportationwillimprovealotinthiscity,withtwonewroads_____inthenearfuture.A.toconstructB.beingconstructedC.tobeconstructedD.constructing不定式的用法不定式在句中的作用Itisnecessarytotellhimthetruth.

Totellhimthetruthisnecessary.主語練習1.再次見到你真高興。

It’sgood/agreatpleasuretoseeyouagain.2.他們那樣做是不明智的。

Itisunwise___________________.

Itis+n/adj.(for/ofsb.)todoTogiveupsmokingisright.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.不定式的用法ofthemtodolikethat不定式在句中的作用2.Ineedtoattendthemeeting.

賓語練習他們決定周末去野餐。Theyhave_______________________attheweekend.Shewantstoseethenewmovie.decide,/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help/afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten他拒絕借給我自行車。They______________mehisbike.不定式的用法decidedtohaveapicnicrefusedtolendV+todo決心學會想希望,拒絕設法愿假裝.學會答應選計劃,同意請求幫一幫.不定式在句中的作用3.Haveyougotanyquestionstoask?Ihavenochairtositon.練習沒什么可擔心的。Thereisnothing

toworryabout.定語

Betty是第一個知道真相的人.

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth.不定式的用法修飾抽象名詞如：ability,answer,reply,chance,excuse,idea,moment,reason,time,promise,attempt,way等+todo我沒機會外出觀光。Ihavenochancetogosightseeing.不定式在句中的作用4.ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistomakefriendswithanativespeaker.表語練習我的目標是考入北大。她的夢想是當一名設計師。Mygoalis______________________.Herdreamis__________________.不定式的用法tobeadmittedtoBeijingUniversitytobecomeadesigner不定式在句中的作用5.Ididn'texpectMarytoinvitemetoherbirthdayparty.賓補練習你可以讓你姐姐幫你一下。Youcanaskyoursistertohelpyou.我總是勸他戒煙。Ialwaysadvisehimtogiveupsmoking.advise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,order,persuade,permit,prefer,tell,want,warn,wish,wouldlikesb.todo不定式的用法五看

watch

see

observe

notice三使

let

make

have

二聽

listento

hear一發(fā)現(xiàn)、感覺:

find,

feel注意：當不定式放在下列動詞后面作賓語補語時，不定式不帶to。常用口訣如下：四看三室（使）兩廳（聽）一發(fā)現(xiàn)、感覺---CanIhavethedocumentrightnow?----Ofcourse.WaitaminuteandI’llhavemysecretary_____itforyou.A.toprintB.printingC.printedD.print2.Wetriedhard,andeventually,wewereabletogetMike____ushiscarforjustaday.A.lendingB.lendC.tolendD.lentPracticeImadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).Thedirectorhad

herassistant

pickup

somehotdogsforthemeeting.不定式在句中的作用練習我匆忙趕到汽車站，只是發(fā)現(xiàn)汽車剛剛離開。He’sgonetotheofficetoaskquestions.Ihurriedtothebusstop,onlytofindthebushadjustleft.6.Shelistenstothenewseverydaysoastofindoutwhat'sgoingon.7.Iwasdisappointedtohearthenews.狀語他去辦公室問題了。不定式的用法不定式的其他用法1.和疑問詞連用Itisusefultoknow

howtodrive.Toknow

howtodriveisuseful.你決定穿什么參加去參加面試了嗎？Haveyoudecidedwhat

toweartotheinterview?沒人告訴我在哪買票。Nobodytoldmewhere

tobuytheticket.decide,discuss,explain,findout,learn,show,teach,tell,wonder

whether/what/who/how/where/when

todo其他用法2.和否定詞連用不定式的其他用法Weturneddownthemusicinordernot

todisturbtheneighbors.nottodo1.媽媽讓他不要花太多的時間玩電腦游戲。MothertoldhimnottospendtoomuchtimeonPCgames.2.他假裝沒看見我。Shepretendednottoseeme.其他用法3.不定式在一些特殊句型中的運用：…too…to…(TextbookP59.Ex.4)…enoughto…(P59.Ex.5)Itisadj.forsb.to…Itisadj.ofsb.to…Sb./Sth.issaid/reportedto…難點突破4.動詞不定式不帶to的特殊情況：(1)在介詞but,except,besides,than前若有實義動詞do時：Whatdoyouliketo

do

besidesswim?Hecoulddo

nothingexcept/butwait.Hedidnothingelsethanlaugh.Icouldhardlydolessthanlieinbed.Ididnomorethanfinishthework.難點突破(2)表示“只好,不得不”的but之后：(can’t/couldnotbut,can’t/couldnothelpbut,can’tchoosebut)1)It’sraininghard.Ican’thelpbutstayathome.2)Wecouldnotbutfacethereality.3)Ican’tchoosebutfinishthework.4.動詞不定式不帶to的特殊情況：難點突破5.獨立結構tobefrank,tobeexact,tobehonest,tobeginwithTotellyouthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.類似的結構Exercises:判斷成分Hewantstobeasinger.It’sveryeasytodothework.Heoftencomestoseeme.Haveyouseehimcomein?Hewasconsideredtohavetakenit.二.用正確的詞的形式填空。Theywateredthesoil_________(stop)itgettingtoodry.Yoursisterissaid____________(take)aplanebefore.WhenIcamein,hepretended___________(read)abook.賓主狀賓補主語補足語tostoptohavetakentobereading4.________(make)thingsworse,mycarwasheldupbythetrafficaccident.5.Weusedtohearourteacher_____(sing)thissong.6.Themeeting___________(hold)nextweekisveryimportant.7.Thedustyairmakesitdifficult_____(get)aclearpictureofspace.三.翻譯下列各句singtobeheldtogetTomake1.不定式的完成和進行式1.給你添了這么多麻煩，真對不起。I’msorrytohavebroughtyousomuchtrouble.2.我們沒想到你已經(jīng)請了他。Wedon’texpectyoutohaveinvitedher.3.據(jù)報道他們正在這個地區(qū)修建另外一條鐵路。Theyarereportedtobebuildinganotherrailwayacrosstheregion.4.我們很高興這一段時間和你一起學習。