輝瑞疾病防控

1

PIG

DISEASE

PREVENTION

ANDCONTROL

TECHNOLOGY

IN

CHINA中國豬病的預防與控制技術SHUCHENG

ZHANG

張樹成DVM,

PhD

博士Pfizer

Animal

Health

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(27%ROW)(48%)FeMInexddiPoica(2lao(2%nd(2%N)am%)(2)%Sp(2)ai%Gn)er(3m%an)y(3%Bra)zil(3%)RussianVietUSA(6%)China2World

Pig

Population

全球豬的分布ChinaUSABrazilGermanySpainViet

NamPolandMexicoIndiaRussian

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3Pig

Farms

豬場類型PDF

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Major

Swine

Infectious

Diseases

in

China

中國重要的豬病(1)Major

Viral

Pathogens?

Porcine

Respiratory

and

Reproductive

Syndrome

(PRRS)???????Classical

Swine

feverFoot

and

Month

DiseaseCircovirus

type

2PseudorabiesTransmissible

gastroenteritisPorcine

parvovirusSwine

Influenza主要病毒性病原?

籃耳病

（豬繁殖與呼吸綜合癥）?

豬瘟??????口蹄疫圓環(huán)病毒2型豬偽狂犬病傳染性胃腸炎豬細小病毒豬流感

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5Major

Swine

Infectious

Diseases

in

China

中國重要的豬病

(2)?Major

Bacterial

Pathogens

–

Mycoplasma

hyopneumoniae

–

Actinobacillus

pleuropheumoniae

–

Haemophilus

parasuis

–

Pasteurella

multocida

–

Streptococcus

suis

–

Pasteurella

haemolytica

–

Bordetella

Bronchiseptica

–

Escherichia

coli

–

Salmonella

Spp

–

Erysipelothrixrhusionpathiae?主要的細菌性病原

–

肺炎支原體

–

胸膜肺炎放線桿菌

–

副豬嗜血桿菌

–

多殺性巴氏桿菌

–

豬鏈球菌

–

溶血性巴氏桿菌

–

支氣管敗血波氏桿菌

–

大腸桿菌

–

沙門氏菌

–

丹毒絲菌

–

鉤端螺旋體

–

Leptospira

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Virus

Isolations

in

32

Farms

of

3

Provinces

3省32個豬場病毒分離調(diào)查（2007.9）

PRRSV

-29%

CSFV

-

9%

PRV

-3%Unknown-

9%PRRSV+CSFV

-

26%

PRRSV+PCV2

-

9%

PRRSV+SIV

-

3%

PCV2+PRV

-3%總結(jié)

(Summary)籃耳病病毒(PRRSV)

75%豬瘟病毒(CSFV)

44%圓環(huán)病毒2型(PCV2)

22%偽狂犬病毒

(PRV)

6%

PRRSV+CSFV+

PCV2

-9%

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7PRRS

-

Clinical

Pictures

藍耳病臨床圖片Characteristics

of

PRRS藍耳病特征?

Abortions

and

infertility

ofsudden

onset流產(chǎn)和不孕?

Weak

birth

or

dead

piglets弱仔和死產(chǎn)?

High

mortality

of

young

piglets仔豬高死亡率?

Poor

response

to

treatment治療效果差?

Clinical

signs

last

2-4

months臨床癥狀持續(xù)2-4月?

Multiple

systems

are

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Historical

Review

of

PRRS

Virus

藍耳病病毒回顧?

Virus

Isolation

病毒分離

–

In

1991,

a

RNA

virus

was

identified

as

Lelystad

virus

(LV)

inEurope1991年歐洲首次分離病原并鑒定為RNA病毒，命名為

Lelystad病毒–

In

1991,

PRRS

virus

was

identified

in

US

1991年美國也分離到

PRRS病毒–

In

1996,

PRRS

virus

was

isolated

in

China

by

Harbin

Vet.

Res.Inst.1996年哈爾濱獸醫(yī)研究所在中國首次分離到籃耳病病毒?

Virus

Characterization

病毒特性

–

A

member

of

Arteriviridae,

RNA

virus,

virus

genome

ranges

from

15

to

15.5

kb

動脈炎病毒科成,

員RNA病毒，基因組大小為

15到15.5

kb

–

Genotypes

基因型?

European

type

-Type

I歐洲型

-

I型

?

North

American

type

-

type

II

北美型

-

II型

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PRRS

Epidemiology

藍耳病流行病學???

It

is

not

very

clear

where

the

virus

originated，but

virus

is

found

nearly

all

area

of

the

world

where

pigs

are

located關于病毒來源還不十分清楚,

全球凡有養(yǎng)豬地區(qū)均能找到病毒

Highly

infectious

and

high

prevalence

高度傳染性和高流行率

Transmission傳播方式

–

Transmitted

vertically

during

gestation

known

as

“

in

utero”

infection,

also

through

milk

懷孕期間的垂直傳播被稱為“子宮內(nèi)感染”，也可通過

乳汁傳播

–

Horizontal

infection

-

possible

via

body

fluids

(semen,

blood,

oral

and

nasal

secretions)

faces,

contaminated

surface,

or

through

air

水平感染-可能通過體液（精液，血液，口鼻分泌物）糞便，污染物，或

者空氣傳播

–

Vectors

for

virus

transmission

-

syringe,

insects,

clothing

and

outerware

病毒傳播媒介-注射器，昆蟲，衣服和外部器械

–

Pig

movement

and

swine

semen

facilitated

the

spread

of

disease

between

countries

豬群流動和人工授精推動此病在各國之間的傳播

–

Virus

can

be

found

in

pork

meet,

but

the

ingestion

of

pork

meat

is

not

thought

to

be

important

in

virus

transmission

盡管豬肉中也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)病

毒，但是普遍認食豬肉對于病毒傳播并不重要

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10High

Pathogenic

PRRS

in

China

中國的高致病性藍耳病

?

First

outbreak

in

2006

in

Jiangxi,

China

2006年,

中國江西首先爆發(fā)

?

Spread

to

most

parts

of

China

in

6

months

6個月后傳遍中國大部分地區(qū)

?

High

fever

(41℃

last

for

up

to

10

days)

高熱（41

℃），可持續(xù)長達10天

?

Hyperemia

of

the

ears

and

bodies

耳部和全身郁血

?

Anorexia

食欲減退/厭食

?

High

morbidity

高發(fā)病率

(50

-100%)

?

High

mortality

高死亡率

(20

-100%)

?

Co-infected

or

secondarily

infected

with

other

viruses,

e.g.

CSFV,

PCV-

-2,

PRV,

SIV

混合感染或者繼發(fā)感染豬瘟，圓環(huán)病毒2型，豬偽狂

犬病，豬流感

?

Secondary

infections

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11PRRS

Vaccines

藍耳病疫苗?

Inactivated

Vaccines

滅活疫苗–

CH-1a

,

Harbin

Vet.

Res.

Inst

(哈獸研）–

SD1

（山東？）–

High

pathogenic

(JXA1)?

Live

attenuated

vaccines

弱毒活疫苗–

INGELVAC

PRRS

MLV

(Boehringer

Ingelheim)–

INGELVAC

PRRS

弱毒苗–

CH-1R,

(classical

PRRS)CH-1R（傳統(tǒng)PRRS）–

High

pathogenic

PRRS

(JXA1-R)?

高致病性PRRS疫苗（

JXA1-R）？–

More

live

high

pathogenic

PRRS

vaccines

under

development更多高致病性藍耳病弱毒活疫苗正在研發(fā)之中PDF

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Classical

Swine

Fever

(CSF)

豬瘟???Diseases

in

China

中國的豬瘟

–

Major

problems

in

60

and

70s

上世紀60和70年代,

最主要的豬的疾病

–

Currently,

sporadically,

small

scale

outbreak

were

reported

現(xiàn)在是零星和

小規(guī)模的爆發(fā)Prevention

and

Control

預防和控制

–

Mandatory

immunization

and

culling

強制計劃免疫與宰殺

–

Vaccine

疫苗

?

Attenuated

vaccine

(CSF

virus

C

strain

adapted

in

rabbits)

豬瘟兔化弱毒疫苗

?

The

vaccine

has

been

used

in

China

for

50

years

中國使用該疫苗有50年

?

CSF

vaccine

C

strain

protects

against

heterologous

wild

viruses

C株豬瘟疫苗可以有效預防異源野毒的感染發(fā)病Major

Issues

主要問題

–

Atypical

infection

in

piglets

仔豬的非典型豬瘟

–

Persistent

infection

even

after

vaccination

免疫后,存在持續(xù)感染

–

Differentiation

between

vaccinated

and

infected

pigs

干擾感染豬和免疫豬

的鑒別診斷

–

Quality

of

vaccine

疫苗的質(zhì)量

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Foot

and

Month

Disease

(FMD)

口蹄疫?

FMD

virus

in

China

中國的口蹄疫病毒

–

Before

1990;

Type

A

1990年以前；A型–

1999

-

Type

O1999年-O型

–

2005

–

2008:

Type

Asia

I

2005-2008年亞洲

I

型?

Prevention

and

Control

預防控制

–

Mandatory

Vaccination

program

for

pig,

cattle,

and

sheep/goat

對

豬、牛、羊（綿羊/山羊）進行強制免疫

–

Vaccine

types

疫苗類型

?

Killed

whole

virus

vaccine

全病毒滅活疫苗?

Synthesized

peptide?

Subunit

vaccine合成肽疫苗亞單位疫苗

–

Major

Issues

主要問題

?

Vaccine

production

techniques

疫苗生產(chǎn)技術須改進

?

Local

reactions

and

low

efficacy

of

vaccine

疫苗的保護效果不好，

局部反應嚴重

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Major

Swine

Respiratory

Diseases

主要的呼吸道病?

Bacteria

–

Mycoplasma

hyopneumoniae

–

Actinobacillus

pleuropheumoniae

–

Haemophilus

parasuis

–

Pasteurella

multocida

–

Streptococcus

suis––Pasteurella

haemolyticaBordetella

Bronchiseptica?

Viruses

病毒

–

PRRS

藍耳病

–

Swine

Influenza

豬流感

–

Porcine

circovirus

2

圓環(huán)病毒2?Helminths

寄生蟲細菌?

肺炎支原體?

胸膜肺炎放線桿菌?

副豬嗜血桿菌?

多殺性巴氏桿菌?

鏈球菌?

溶血性巴氏桿菌?

支氣管敗血波氏桿菌

–

Ascarid

larval

migration

蛔蟲幼蟲的移行

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15Factors

Contributing

to

PRDC

豬呼吸道綜合癥的發(fā)病因素PRDC

=

M

hyo

+

bacteria

+

viruses

+other

factors防御機制

薄弱細菌病原

病毒病原

環(huán)境因素引起的應激

PRDC

=

肺炎支原體

+

細菌

+

病毒

+其他因素PDF

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Survey

of

PRDC

Pathogens

in

48

Farms

(2005）

48

個豬場豬呼吸道綜合癥的病因調(diào)查Pathogen

病原PRRSV

+

Bacteria籃耳病病毒+細菌感染PRRSV

+

PRV籃耳病病毒+

偽狂犬病病毒PRRSV

+

PRV+PCV2籃耳病病毒+偽狂犬病病毒+圓環(huán)病毒2型PRRSV+PCV2籃耳病病毒+圓環(huán)病毒2型PRRSV+CSFV籃耳病病毒+豬瘟病毒PRV+PCV2

No

of

PositiveFarms

陽性豬場

45

10

8

5

6

3Positive

(%)

陽性率

94

21

17

10

13

6

偽狂犬病病毒+圓環(huán)病毒2型

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17PRDC

豬呼吸道綜合癥Mh/Pm/PRRS/Other

viralinfection肺炎支原體/多殺性巴氏桿菌/籃耳病/其它病毒感染Severe

depression,high

fever,

anorexiaExpiratory

dyspnea

Rapidloss

of

conditionMedication

less

efficaciousHigh

morbidity

and

highmortality嚴重的精神沉郁，高燒，厭食，呼吸困難，體重快速損失，藥物療效差，發(fā)病率和死亡率高PDF

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18M.

hyopneumoniae

Infection肺炎支原體感染PDF

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M.

hyopneumoniae

Infection

肺炎支原體感染?Common,

not

easily

eliminated,

persists

for

months

流行普遍，不易根除，持續(xù)數(shù)月?Moderate

morbidity/no

mortality發(fā)病率中等/無死亡?Affect

growth

performance影響豬的增重??Damage

of

respiratory

track

and

immune

system損壞呼吸道和免疫系統(tǒng)Clinical

signs

臨床癥狀––No

fever

不發(fā)燒Cough:

dry,

nonproductive/chronic

咳嗽：干咳，非生產(chǎn)性/慢性–Labored

breathing呼吸困難–Slow

growth生長緩慢?Lesions

病變–

Starting

7

days

post

infection感染后7天開始出現(xiàn)–

Peak:

2

weeks

post

infection感染2周后為高峰期單純感染–

May

be

resolved

by

10

weeks

in

uncomplicated

infections

10周后也可以自我恢復

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????Horizontal

transmission

水平傳播Nose-to-nose

contact;

sneezing/coughing

鼻對鼻接觸；噴嚏/咳嗽Infected

pig

to

its

pen

mates!

感染豬的轉(zhuǎn)欄Farrow-to-finish

continuously

M.

hyopneumoniae

Infection

肺炎支原體感染?

Transmission

傳播

–

From

infected

farms

to

adjacent

farms

within

4

km

病菌可以從污染場傳至4公里外的潔凈場

–

From

the

sow/gilt

to

piglets

-

Vertical

transmission

從母豬/后備母豬垂直傳播給仔豬

–

Spread

among

pen

mates

欄舍之間傳播

分娩到育肥的持續(xù)性發(fā)生

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21A.

pleuropneumniae

Infection

APP感染Agent:

Actinobacillus(Haemophilus)pleuropneumoniae病原：胸膜肺炎放線桿菌Acute

Disease:

急性發(fā)病Affect

8-16

wks

old

pigs,

suddendeath,

high

fever,

short

cough,severe

breathing

difficulties,

blueears.

severe

depression.8—16周豬易感，突然死亡，高燒，短咳嗽，嚴重的呼吸困難，耳朵發(fā)紫，嚴重沉郁Sub-acute

disease

亞急性發(fā)病Abdominal

breathing,

shortcoughing

腹式呼吸、短咳PDF

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22Atrophic

Rhinitis

萎縮性鼻炎

Agent:

B.

bronchiseptica

P.

multocida

Type

D

病原：支氣管敗血波氏桿菌

D型多殺性巴氏桿菌

Disease:

Affect

young

pigs,

coughing,

low

growth

rate

and

feed

efficiency

發(fā)?。呵嗄曦i為主，咳嗽，生長緩慢和飼料效率低PDF

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23Disease:

Usually

acute

form

Lethargy

Persistent

cough

(barking)

Labored

breath

FeverSwine

Influenza

豬流感

Influenza

viruses:

H1N1,

Swine-

-origin

H1N1,

Human-

-origin

H3N2,

Human-

-origin

H3N2,

Triple-

-reassortant

豬流感病毒:

H1N1,豬源

H1N1,

人源

H3N2,

人源

H3N2,

三源重組發(fā)?。和ǔ＜毙园l(fā)病，發(fā)燒，精神委靡，持續(xù)咳嗽，呼吸困難，3-5天快速恢復，嚴重影響豬的生長

Recover

quickly

3-5d

Affect

growth

ratePDF

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甲型

H1N1

流感病毒24Novel

Swine-Origin

Influenza

A

(H1N1)

Virus

Investigation

Team.

N

Engl

J

Med2009;10.1056/NEJMoa0903810Comparison

of

H1N1

Swine

Genotypes

in

Recent

Cases

in

the

United

StatesType

A

H1N1

Influenza

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25

Swine

Flu

Bivalent

(H1N1

and

H3N2)

Vaccine豬流感雙價苗（H1N1

和H3N2)

Vaccination:

2

doses

at

minimum

age

of

3

week

old

in

3

week

interval

免疫：兩次注射，間隔3周

Effective

against

heterologous

H1N1

or

H3N2

對不同的H1N1和H3N2

型攻擊有效

Reduce

clinical

signs/

lung

lesion/

virus

shedding

減少臨床癥狀/肺病變/病毒擴散

Safe

to

3-day

old

piglets

and

pregnant

sows

–

對3日令仔豬和懷孕母豬安全PDF

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26

Diagnosis

of

Respiratory

Diseases

呼吸道病診斷?

Clinical

diagnosis

–

Easy

and

clear

臨床診斷—簡單明了?

Differential

diagnosis

by

clinical

sign

is

difficult

依據(jù)臨床癥狀很難鑒別診斷

–

Usually

multiple

agents

involved

常有多病因參與

–

Need

to

compare

clinical

signs,

history,

production

records

需要比較臨床癥狀，病史和生產(chǎn)紀錄

–

Compare

gross

lesions

and

microscopic

lesions

需要比較病理及組織學變化?

Confirmation

of

diagnosis

by

isolation

of

specific

agent

or

detection

of

specific

antigens

or

nucleic

acid

通過病原分離或檢測病原核酸序列來確珍PDF

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Prevention

and

Control

of

Swine

Infectious

Diseases

豬傳染性疾病的預防和控制?????

Vaccination

-

Common

practice免疫接種-是最常用手段

Vaccination

and

culling

-

Only

apply

for

high

pathogenic

infectious

diseases

(HPAI,

FMD,

CSF)免疫和淘汰

-

僅對烈性傳染?。ǜ咧虏⌒郧萘鞲校谔阋?，豬瘟）

Eradication

-

Not

practical

all

the

diseases凈化

–

只適合少數(shù)傳染病

Antibiotics

-

Common

practice

for

prevention

and

treatment抗生素

-

常用于預防和治療

Environmental

control

-

Good

animal

husbandry

practice

and

environment

control

環(huán)境控制

-

良好的飼養(yǎng)條件和環(huán)境控制

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28

Swine

Vaccines

in

China

中國豬用疫苗?

Success

of

vaccination

program

疫苗應用的功績

–

Major

Swine

Infectious

Diseases

are

under

control

主要的豬傳染

病都得到控制–

Reduced

incidence

of

diseases降低發(fā)病頻率減輕臨床癥狀和經(jīng)濟–

Reduce

clinical

signs

and

economic

loss

損失?

Issues

and

concerns

with

vaccine

and

vaccination

疫苗

及應用中存在的問題

–

Efficacy:

效果

?

Provide

incomplete

protection

不能提供完全的保護

?

Can

not

follow

the

variation

of

filed

isolates

and

antigenic

mutations

跟不上田間分離株的變化和抗原性變異

–

Safety:

安全性

?

Local

reaction/Systemic

reaction

局部反應/全身反應

?

Safety

for

food

and

environment

影響環(huán)境和食品安全

–

Interference

of

diagnosis

干擾鑒別診斷

?

Could

not

differentiate

between

vaccinated

animals

and

infected

animal

不能區(qū)分免疫豬和感染豬PDF

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Recent

Improvement

in

Vaccines

疫苗的研究進展?Antigen

improvement抗原的改進

–

More

multivalent

vaccines

更多的多價疫苗

?

Multiple

organisms,

or

multiple

serotypes,

or

multiple

antigens

多種病原，或者多個血

清型，或者多種抗原

–

Subunit

vaccine

亞單位疫苗

?

Antigen

expressed

in

E.

coli,

Yeast,

Insect

cells

用大腸桿菌，酵母，昆蟲細胞表達抗原

?

Synthesized

peptide

vaccine,

e.g.,

FMD

vaccines

合成多肽疫苗，如口蹄疫疫苗–

DNA

vaccineDNA疫苗

?

Deliver

nucleic

acid

(DNA)

by

a

plasmid

通過質(zhì)粒或病毒載體轉(zhuǎn)運核酸–

Marked

vaccines

標記疫苗

?

Negative

marker

-

陰性標記

?

Positive

marker

-

陽性標記???Adjuvant

improvement

-

new

and

safe

adjuvants佐劑的改進

–

高效和安全Stabilizer

improvement

-

stable

at

different

temperatures穩(wěn)定劑的改進–

使疫苗抗原在室溫長期穩(wěn)定Improvement

Formulation/Manufacture

process

配方及制造工藝的改進

–

安全及方便使用

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30RespisureRespiSure?

-

瑞倍適?瑞倍適對支原體肺炎的免疫保護長達5個半月PDF

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RespiSure-One?

-

瑞倍適-旺?Respisure

One

瑞倍適-旺

對支原體肺炎的免疫保護長達6個半月PDF

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32Adjuvant:

AmphigenTM

佐劑：愛菲金?

Uniquestructure:

獨特結(jié)構–

Micelles:

tiny

oil

droplets

coated

withlecithin微囊：由卵磷脂包被的小油滴?

Lecithin

–

tissue-friendly;

less

injectionsite

irritation

卵磷脂

-

組織親和性好，對注射部位無損傷?

Increased

surface

area

of

antigen

bindingsites增加抗原結(jié)合的表面積–

More

antigens

presented

to

pig’s

immunesystem

to

enhance

immune

response更多的抗原進入免疫系統(tǒng)

-增強免疫反應–

But

excellent

syringe

ability!容易注射PDF

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Amphigen33?

Enhanced

immune

response:

增強免疫反應

–

Attraction

of

macrophages

on

the

antigen

sites

吸引巨噬細胞到注射部位

–

Helps

exposure

and

uptake

of

antigen

by

the

APCs

(antigen

presenting

cells)

使免疫系統(tǒng)接受和吸收更多的抗原

Enhances

proactive

formation

of

memory

cells

and

activated

macrophages

激活記憶細胞和巨噬細胞

–

Enhances

the

launch

of

a

cellular

immune

response

in

pigs

exposed

to

M.

hyopneumoniae

強化對肺炎支原體的細胞

免疫反應?

Long

duration

of

immunity

延長免疫保護期–

Ag

slow

release

抗原緩作用Adjuvant:

AmphigenTM佐劑：愛菲金

T

M4.5%

Mineral

Oil

0.5%

Lecithin

(phospholipids

&

glycolipids)

Water

4.5%礦物油

0.5%卵磷脂(磷脂和糖脂)

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34Use

of

Antibiotics

抗生素應用?

Advantages

of

using

antibiotics抗生素的優(yōu)勢–

Use

in

feed

additives

(19

antibiotics

in

US)飼料添加（在美國有19種）?

Improve

growth

rate

(4-15%)

and

feed

efficiency

(2-6%)

促生長（4-15%）和提供飼料效率(2-6%)?

Improve

conception

rate

and

litter

size提高受胎率和增加窩重–

Use

for

treatment

of

infectious

diseases治療傳染病?

Reduce

mortality

and

economic

loss降低死亡和減少經(jīng)濟損失PDF

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35Use

of

Antibiotics

抗生素應用?

Concerns

with

using

antibiotics應用抗生素的顧慮–

Development

of

antibiotics-resistance

organisms使病原產(chǎn)生耐藥性–

Potential

threat

to

human

health

by

transmitting

resistanceorganism

to

human耐藥菌株可傳遞給人，

對人類健康有潛在威脅–

Over

use

of

antibiotics

would

affect

the

export

of

pork

to

certaincountries

(some

EU

countries)濫用抗生素影響豬肉出口（某些歐盟國家）–

Food

safety

食品安全?

Future

of

using

antibiotics

抗生素應用趨勢–

Development

of

antibiotics

replacement

尋找替代品–

Reducing

antibiotics

use

by

developing

effective

and

long-lastingantibiotics

product研發(fā)高效及長效抗生素，減少抗生素用量PDF

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36EXCEDE?

易速達??

Indication:

For

thetreatment

of

SRDassociated

with:適應癥：治療呼吸道病綜合癥–

Actinobacilluspleuropneumoniae–

Pasteurella

multocida–

Haemophilus

parasuis–

Streptococcus

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EXCEDE

?

易速達??

Ready

to

use

Sterile

Suspension混懸注射液

?

Contents：

Ceftiofur

as

a

free

acid

主要成份：頭孢噻

呋晶體游離酸

?

True

single-dose

treatment

單針注射,

方便實用

?

Sustained

release,

at

least

seven

days

of

therapeutic

levels

against

label

pathogens

緩慢釋放,

對于特效的

病原菌，藥效期7-10天

?

Excellent

stability,

24

months

shelf-life

at

room

temperature

極好的穩(wěn)定性,室溫保存24個月以上

?

No

change

in

susceptibility

by

targeted

pathogens

(drug-resistance)

長期應用，病原不產(chǎn)生耐藥性

?

Safe

and

environmentally

friendly

安全和環(huán)保

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A

Major

TherapeuticAdvancefor

Swine

Respiratory

Disease

豬呼吸道病治療的革命性突破瑞可新?

NEW

SCIENCE

–

NEW

MEDICINE

–

NEW

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Draxxin?

瑞可新?Indication:

Major

respiratory

disease

pathogens

in

cattle

and

swine:適應癥：豬的主要呼吸道細菌病原

–

Mannheimia

(Pasteurella)

haemolytica

溶血性巴氏桿菌–

Pasteurella

multocida–

Haemophilus

somnus–

Actinobacillus

pleuropneumoniae–

Mycoplasma

hyopneumoniae

多殺性巴氏桿菌

副嗜血桿菌

胸膜肺炎放線桿菌豬肺炎支原體Efficacy

效果

–

Extraordinarily

high

efficacy

against

respiratory

pathogens

對呼吸道病格外高效

–

Fast

responses

to

treatment

療效神速

–

One

single

dose,

min