大學英語視聽說教程第七單元

VideoTask2CheckingYourComprehensionWatchthispartofthevideoclipanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F).BehindthefacadeofbonhomiebetweenBarakandArafat,thereisapowerstrugglegoingon.2.IntheMiddleEast,lettingsomeonethroughthedoorfirsthasnoculturalsignificance.3.ArafatgrabsBarak,holdshimbythearmandshoveshimthroughthedoorbodily.4.Thisapparentlylight-heartedtusslebetweenArafatandBarakwasasignthattheyweregettingonwell.5.ThebodylanguagebetweenBarakandArafatisaclassicexampleofhowthelastmanthroughthedoorisdeemedtobethewinner.FTTFFScriptNarrator:HerePresidentClintonleadsIsraeliandPalestinianleadersEhudBarakandYasserArafatoutbeforethepressduringpeacenegotiations.It’sallsmilesforthecameras.

Butbehindthefacadeofbonhomie,there’sapowerstrugglegoingon.Clintonjokily

explainsthatnoneofthemwilltakeanyquestions.BillClinton:Wepledgedtoeachotherwewouldanswernoquestionsandoffernocomments.

SoI

havetosetagoodexample.Narrator:Thebodylanguagethenrevealedjustwhythatwas.HarryWitchel:Oh,my!PattiWood:Well…MarkJefferies:Wow,almostaphysicalfight.Narrator:Manyviewedthisapparentlylight-heartedtussleasasignthatArafatandBarakwere

gettingonwell.Thinkagain.MarkJefferies:Thereisa…agreatmeaningbehindwhogoesthroughthedoorfirst.Now,of

course,youknow,hereintheWest,lettingsomeonethroughthedoorfirstdoesn’t

really

matter.It’spolite,maybe.ButintheMiddleEast,ithassignificantcultural

impact.PattiWood:Thehost,thepowerperson,saysI’mincontrol,I’llhelpyouthroughthedoor,I’llshowyoutheway.Narrator:

ThrowinthefearandtensionpresentinmostMiddleEastnegotiationsandsuddenlythedesireofbothArafatandBaraknottogothroughthatdoorbeforetheotherstarts

tomakesense.

…….

HarryWitchel:

Thisisaclassicexampleinanextremewayofhowthelastmanthroughthedooris

thewinner.SoBarakreachesforYasserArafat.Arafatliterallygrabshisarm,movesaroundandstartswagglinghisfingeratBarakwhothen…Barakthenusesitasan

opportunitylikeawrestlingmatchtomoveround,toactuallybebehindArafat,and

thenliterallygrabsArafat,holdshimbythearmandshoveshimthroughthedoor

bodily.PattiWood:Soyou’vegotfearandpowerstruggleshowinginbig,big,big,big,boldbodylanguagemovements.Narrator:ArafatandBarakarenottheonlyonestoappreciatethesignificanceofthelastman

throughthedoormove.Evenwhenfriendsandalliesmeet,subtlecuesrevealwho’stopdog.2003,BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairplayshosttoPresidentBush.HarryWitchel:Inthisparticularexample,we’relookingatNo.10DowningStreetandonewouldexpectTonyBlairtobeveryterritorial.It’shisterritory.Heshouldbehost.Heshouldbeinchargeandthebossintermsofwhoatleastgoesthroughthedoor.MarkJefferies:Andyes,TonyBlairthePrimeMinisteracceptsthattheseniorityinplacehereisthe

President.SoPresidentBushsaysphotoop’sover,giveshimalittlenod,andsothey

startgoingin.ThePresident’sinchargeofthechoreography.HarryWitchel:Hegoesthroughthedoorlast.HeuseshislefthandandtapsBlairforward,notshovingBlairthroughthedoor,buthelpinghimthroughthedoor,meaningBushis

incharge.MarkJefferies:Astheygoin,thePresident,beingincharge,andwantinghimtobeclearthathe’sin

charge,notonlydisplaystheownershipsymbolofputtinghishandonTonyBlair’sback,butthenhedisplaysafurtherbitofdominance—giveshimthreelittletaps,justtolethimknowthatactuallyheisagoodlittleboyandthatGeorgeW.Bushisboss.AudioTask2CheckingtheFactsListentotheaudioclipagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)or

False(F).Script1.Whenyoudon’tspeak,youmaystopcommunicating.2.Whilespeakingwithourvocalorgans,weconversewithourwholebodies.3.Accordingtotherecording,thethumbs-upsignindicatesthatweapprove.FTTScript

Whenyouremainsilent,youmaystillbecommunicating.Itistruethatyoumaynotwishto

sayanything.Butyourverysilencemayrevealawishtobeleftaloneortostayuninvolved,which

isthemessagewhich,consciouslyorsubconsciously,youwanttosend.Soithasrightlybeensaid

that,whilewespeakwithourvocalorgans,weconversewithourwholebody.Allofuscommunicate

withoneanothernonverballyaswellaswithwords.Sometimesweknowwhatwe’redoing,suchas

whenwegiveathumbs-upsigntoindicatethatweapprove.Butmostofthetimewe’renotaware

ofwhatwe’redoing.Wegesturewitheyebrowsorahand,meetsomeoneelse’seyesandlookaway,

shiftuneasilyinachair.Weassumethattheseactionsarerandomandincidental.Butresearchers

havediscoveredthatthereisasystemtothemalmostasconsistentandcomprehensibleaslanguage

itself.Theyconcludethatthereisawholerangeofbodylanguage,includingthewayswemove,the

gesturesweemploy,theposturesweadopt,thefacialexpressionswewear,thedirectionofourgaze,

theextenttowhichwetouchandthedistancewestandfromeachother.VideoTask2CheckingYourComprehensionWatchthispartofthevideoclipandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhatdidJonesdoin2004followingtheallegationsthatshehadbeentakingdrugs?Answer:Sheheldapressconference.2.WhatdidNewberrysayhewouldfeelwhensomeoneisaccusedofsomethinghedidn’tdo?Answer:Hewouldbemadatthem.3.AsNewberrywatchesJones’sperformance,whatishelookingforthatmayrevealhertrueemotions?Answer:Smallfacialexpressionsthatbetrayemotionsthatareatoddswithwhatsheissaying.4.AccordingtoJanineDriver,whenyou’vebeenfalselyaccusedofsomething,howshouldyourbrowsreact?Answer:Theyshouldcomedown.5.AccordingtoJanineDriver,whatdoesMarionJonessubconsciouslyrevealasshespeaks?Answer:Fearandsurprise..Narrator:In2004,trackandfieldstarMarionJonesheldapressconferencefollowingallegationsthatshehadbeentakingperformance-enhancingdrugs.MarionJones:Firstofall,I’dliketothankeverybodyforcomingouttodayonsuchshortnotice.Narrator:ShewasbeinginvestigatedbytheUnitedStatesAnti-DopingAgency,USADA.MarionJones:Tobegin,Iwantedtheworldtotohaveanopportunitytohearfromme.Narrator:JJNewberryrunstheinstituteofAnalytecInterviewinginCalifornia.Hetrainspeopletoidentifythetelltalesignsinaperson’sfacethatindicatetheycouldbelying.MarionJones:...butfromme,sothatyoucangetagoodideaofhowI’mfeeling…JJNewberry:She’ssayingshewantsustoknowhowshe’sfeeling,soI’mgonnalooktoseeif…ifshe’sgonnaexpresshowshe’sfeeling.MarionJones:…thatintheendthetruthwouldprevailandmynamewouldbecleared.However,theeventsofthelastseveralweekshaveledme,moreinsadnessthaninanger,…JJNewberry:“Haveledmemoreinsadnessthaninangr”,butshedoesn’tshowsadnessandshedoesn’tshowanger.I’llaskyou,whatismissingfromthiswholetape?Ifsomebodyaccusedyouofsomethingyoudidn’tdo,wouldyoubemad,orwouldyoubesad?I’dbemadatthem.MarionJones:AndIhavedoneallIcandotoprovideUSADAwithinformatinthatIhaveknowledgeof,becauseIbelieveinadrug-freesport.ToassistUSADA…Narrator:AsNewberrywatchesJone’sperformance,heislookingformicro-expressionsthatmayconflictwithwhatshewassayingandrevealhertrueemotions.ScriptJJNewberry:Hereyebrowsgoupalmostintothecorner.MarionJones:…thatIaskedforthemeeting.JJNewberry:Eyebrowsareupandcomingtogetherinthecorner,almostlikeafear.Surpriseandfearalmosttogether.JanineDriver:Ideallyifshe’stellingthetruth,we’dliketoseethebrowscomingdown,’causeyoushouldbeangry.You’rebeingfalselyaccusedofsomethingyoudidn’tdo.Thebrowsshouldcomedown.MarionJones:Ihavetruthfullyansweredeveryquestionaskedofmeunderoath…JanineDriver:Thereshouldn’thavebeenfearandsurprise.Itmightleakout,maybealittlebit,butit’snon-stophere—thefearandsurprise—it’sthedominantemotionthatisleakingoutsubconsciously.MarionJones:Iftheytellthetruth…Narrator:Fearandsurpriseweren’ttheonlyemotionsleakingfromJones’sface.MarionJones:Ifthetruthistold,thenmynamewillbeclearedandIcanmoveonwithmylife.HarryWitchel:“Ifthetruthcanbetold,thenIcanmoveonwithmylife.”Andthenimmediatelyshecreatesthisunbelievablysadexpression.Shelooksdown.She’sgotalong,literally,alongface.MarionJones:…andIcanmoveonwithmylife.Narrator:MarionJones’sbriefflashofsadnesshereisaclassicexampleofwhatexpertscallahot-spot.MarionJones:…thenmynamewillbeclearedandIcanmoveon…Narrator:Thesearefacialexpressionsthatseemtobeatoddswithwhatsomeoneissaying,

orinconsistentwithhowtheywouldbeexpectedtobehaveinagivensituation.HarryWitchel:That’sapointwhereyouhavetolookformoreinformation.Itcouldmeana

lie,butitcouldmeanmanydifferentthings.Doweknowthatit’sguiltyandnot

somethingelse?Atthetime,Ithinkitwouldhavebeenveryhardtotell.MarionJones:Thereexistsnoone…Narrator:ForNewberrythebiggesthot-spotofallistheabsenceofonespecificemotion

onJones’face.JJNewberry:It’snotwhatyou’reseeing,it’swhatyou’renotseeing.Andyou’renotseeingan

…anangerresponse.MarionJones:I’mnotgoingtoengageinUSADA’ssecretkangaroocourt.Narrator:Jones’swordsweredefiant,herfacecertainlywasn’t.Herbodylanguagejust

didn’tgowithwhatshewassaying.MarionJones:[Iwillanswertheirquestionsinapublicforumopenforentireworldtosee]

hearandevaluate.Narrator:Threeyearslaterallthathadchanged.Heresheemergesfromcourttofacethe

mediaagain,havingbeenfoundguiltyoflyingunderoathtoFederalAgents.MarionJones:AndsoitiswithagreatamountofshamethatIstandbeforeyouandtellyou

thatIhavebetrayedyourtrust.JanineDriver:Itmovesmenowtoeventalkaboutit.Andthat’swhathappenswhenpeople

arebeingauthentic.Youaretakingtotheirlevelofpain,ortheirlevelofanger,

ortheirleveloffear.Andhere,whenshe’sfinallycomingclean,youseeamore

relaxedMarionJones.HomeListeningGoodcommunicationskillscanhelpyouinbothyourpersonalandyourprofessionallife.Whileverbalandwrittencommunicationskillsareimportant,researchhasshownthatnonverbalbehaviormakesupalarge1)___________ofourdailyinterpersonalcommunication.Howcanyouimproveyournonverbalcommunicationskills?Thefollowingtopfour2)____canhelpyoulearntoreadthenonverbalsignalsofotherpeopleand3)________yourownabilitytocommunicate4)____________1.PayAttentiontoNonverbalSignalsPeoplecommunicateinformationin5)_________ways;sopayattentiontothingslikeeyecontact,gestures,posture,bodymovementsandtoneofvoice.Allofthesesignalscan6)______importantinformationthatisn’tbeingputintowords.Bypayingcloserattentiontootherpeople’snonverbalbehavior,youwillimproveyourownabilitytocommunicatenonverbally.2.LookforInconsistencyIfsomeone’swordsdonot7)______theirnonverbalbehavior,youshouldpaypercentagetipsenhanceeffectivelynumerousconveymatchHomeListeningcarefulattention.Forexample,someonemighttellyoutheyarehappywhilefrowningandstaringattheground.Researchhasshownthatwhenwordsareinconsistentwithnonverbalsignals,8)_____