大學(xué)英語精讀4Unit2海老師精品課件

BeforeReading_4_1AnEnglishSongDirections:Listentothesongandfillintheblanks.

Green,GreenGrassofHomeTheoldhometownlooksthesame,AsIfromthetrain.Andtheretomeetmeismymammaandmypapa.DowntheroadIlook,andthererunsMary,Hairofgoldandlipslike,It’sgoodtotouchthe.Yes,they’llallcometomeetme,Armsa-reachin’,,It’sgoodtotouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.■stepdown________cherries_______green,greengrassofhome_______________________smilingsweetly_____________Theoldhouseisstillstanding,Thoughthepaintis.Andthere'sthatoldoaktree,ThatIusedtoplayon.I’llwalkwithmysweetMary,Hairofgoldandlipslikecherries.It’sgoodtotouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.ThenIaroundme,Atthefourgraywallsthatsurroundme,AndIrealize.YesIwas,Forthere’saguardandthere’sasadoldpadre,we’llwalkatdaybreak,AgainI’lltouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.Yesthey’llallcometoseemethatoldoaktree,Astheylaymemeetthegreen,greengrassofhome.BeforeReading_4_2crackedanddry_____________Downthelane____________awakeandlook_____________onlydreaming_____________Arminarm__________intheshadeof____________DeerandtheEnergyCycle

AaronN.MoenBeforeReading_5_1BackgroundInformation1.DeerThereareabout100differentkindsofdeer.Someliveingrasslands.Othersliveinforests.Thefemaledeerbecomespregnantannuallyinlateautumn,producingonetothreeyounginlatespringorearlysummer.Thenormallifespanis15to20years.■GlobeReading_1ScanningDirections:Scanthetextanddiscussinpairs,listthefactsaboutthelifeofdeerinfourseasons.eatasmuchastheycan,storingtheexcessintheformoffat;activeingrowing,reproducingorstoringfatadultmales:growantlersandgetfatadultfemales:givebirthtoyoung;producemilkfawns:becomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandbegintosearchforgrowingplantsasfood.1.Summer:continuetoeathighqualityfoodinordertodepositfatforthewinter.2.Fall:reducetheiractivity,growawintercoatofhair,andlowertheirmetabolism;usethereservesoffattosurvivethecoldwinter.3.Winter:becomeactiveagain.4.Spring:BeforeReading_5_2Directions:Listentothefollowingpassage，writedownthewordsyou’veheard.2.EnergyCrisisEnergycrisisreferstoacriticalinthesupplyofenergy-producingfuels,suchasgas,oil,and.Duringtheearly1970’s,thedemandforpetroleumincreased,andWesterncountriesdependedheavilyonimported.ThesituationbecameworseduringtheArab-IsraeliWarof1973,whentheArabnations

totheUnitedStatesandothercountriesthatIsrael,causinganacuteenergyshortageinthesecountriesduringthewinterof1973to1974.shortage________coal_____sharply_______supplies_______reduced_______supported________■oilproductionandembargoedoilshipmentsBeforeReading_1_1Directions:Whatwordswilloccurtoyouwheneverwementiontheword“energy”？

Writedownasmanywordsaspossibleaboutit.ENERGYheatsolarenergywindcoalgasoilatomicenergynuclearenergyenergyresourcesenergycrisisconservationofenergy,wind,fossil,BeforeReading_2_1.1Tips:

Directions:Watchthevideoandwritedownthekindsofenergymentioned.flowingwatersolar,chemicalreaction,nuclearBeforeReading_2_1.2Windpower:Fossilfuels:AnancientsourceundergoingarevivalwithmodernturbinetechnologyDerivedfromlong-deadorganicandanimalmatter.Oil,coal,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.Micro-Hydro:Small-scalesystemstaptheenergyofflowingwater.Thesearenottobeconfusedwithbigdamprojectswhichtotallytransformecosystems,wreakingenvironmentalhavoc.BeforeReading_2_1.3Solarenergy:Thesun’spowercanbeharnessedinvariousways:byusingphotovoltaiccellstogenerateelectricitydirectly;byusingthermalcollectorstomakesteamtogenerateelectricity;byusingpassivesolarmaterialsthatmaximizeorretainthesun’sheat.Biomass:Biomassisvegetalororganicmaterial－includingdungandplants－andbio-fuelsarethesolidorliquidorgaseousfuelsthatderivefromit.Wood,methaneandalcoholareallbio-fuels.BeforeReading_2_1.4Nuclearenergy:Currentlyproducedby“fission”.Anatomissplit－usinguranium－andtheheatproduceddrivessteamturbinestogenerateelectricity.Article_SIsthereanythingwecanlearnfromdeer?Duringthe“energycrisis”of1973－1974thewriterofthisessaywaslivinginnorthernMinnesotaandwasabletoobservehowdeersurvivewhenwinterarrives.Thelessonshelearnsaboutthewaydeerconserveenergyturnoutapplicabletooureverydaylife.DeerandtheEnergyCycle

有什么是我們能從鹿身上學(xué)到的嗎?在1973-1974年的“能源危機(jī)”期間，本文作者正住在明尼蘇達(dá)北部，能夠觀察當(dāng)冬天來臨時(shí)，鹿如何生存。他從鹿儲(chǔ)存能量的方法上得到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也能夠運(yùn)用到我們的日常生活中。Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround.Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisn’tlove;it’smoney.Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Onthiscyclealllifedepends.Article1_S

有些人說，愛情驅(qū)使世界運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；另一些并不那么羅曼蒂克而更為注重實(shí)際的人則說，不是愛情，而是金錢。但真實(shí)情況是，能量驅(qū)使世界運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。能量是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的貨幣，只有當(dāng)食物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟芰?，能量再用來獲取更多的食物以供生長、繁殖和生存，生命才成為可能。所有生命都維系在這一循環(huán)上。Otherpeoplewhoaremorepracticalsaythatitismoneynotlovethatmakestheworldgoaround.

Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce.But,itisprobablylesswellknownthatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.差不多眾所周知，野生動(dòng)物得以年復(fù)一年地生存下去，主要依靠在夏秋生長旺季盡量多吃，通常將多余的部分以脂肪的形式儲(chǔ)存起來，然后到了冬天食物稀少的艱難時(shí)期，就用這些儲(chǔ)備的脂肪來維持生命。然而，很可能鮮為人知的是即使有儲(chǔ)備的脂肪，野生動(dòng)物在冬天消耗的能量比夏天要少。Theyareparalleledphrasesusedasobjectsofpreposition“by”.Article2_SAgoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.

一個(gè)很好的例證是白尾鹿。與大多數(shù)野生動(dòng)物一樣，鹿在營養(yǎng)豐富、食物充足的夏秋兩季，繁殖、生長并儲(chǔ)存脂肪。一只成熟健壯的母鹿，在十一月份懷胎，五月底或六月初生下兩只幼鹿，這時(shí)，它必須尋找食物以獲得必要的能量，這不僅是為了滿足自身的需要，而且也是為了給幼鹿生產(chǎn)乳汁。Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.產(chǎn)乳的最佳期也正是植物生長茂盛之時(shí)。這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)選擇得很好，因?yàn)槿橹a(chǎn)是一個(gè)消耗能量的過程——它需要大量的食物，除非該地區(qū)具有豐富的食物資源，否則無法滿足這種消耗。Itiswell-chosentime,becauseproducingmilkisaprocessofusingupenergyanditalsoneedsalotoffood.Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.

Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Article3_S

夏季一天天過去，幼鹿日漸生長，它們變得較少依賴母鹿的乳汁，而更加依靠生長中的植物為其食物來源。雄性成鹿在夏天生長鹿角并養(yǎng)肥身體。在秋天，雄鹿和雌鹿都繼續(xù)進(jìn)食高質(zhì)量食物，貯存體內(nèi)脂肪，以備過冬。至于雌鹿和幼鹿，由于大量的能量用于產(chǎn)奶或生長，脂肪的積累速度不如完全成熟的雄鹿快。脂肪儲(chǔ)備如同銀行里的存款，供冬天食物來源不足時(shí)和有時(shí)由于雪深難以獲得時(shí)，支取使用。

Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.

隨著秋去冬來，還會(huì)發(fā)生其他變化:幼鹿失去皮毛上的斑紋，所有鹿身上的毛長厚，顏色變深。毛皮的變化通常持續(xù)到9月。到11月或12月天氣變冷時(shí)，毛長得最厚。Butinaddition,natureprovidesafurthersafeguardtohelpdeersurvivethewinter—aninternalphysiologicalresponsewhichlowerstheirmetabolism,orrateofbodilyfunctioning,andhenceslowsdowntheirexpenditureofenergy.Thedeerbecomesomewhatslowanddrowsy.Theheartratedrops.Animalsthathibernatepracticeenergyconservationtoagreaterextremethandeerdo.Althoughdeerdon’thibernate,theydothesamethingwiththeirseasonalrhythmsinmetabolism.Article4_S此外，大自然還為鹿提供進(jìn)一步的保護(hù)以幫助它們度過冬天——體內(nèi)生理機(jī)能作相應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)，放慢新陳代謝，亦即生理活動(dòng)的速度，從而降低能量的消耗。鹿變得有點(diǎn)動(dòng)作遲緩、嗜睡。它們的心率減慢。冬眠的動(dòng)物保存能量的習(xí)性勝過鹿。雖然鹿不冬眠，但他們隨季節(jié)改變新陳代謝節(jié)奏的習(xí)性則是一樣的。

Deerhaveanothernaturalmeansofprotectionagainstthethreatofthecoldwinter.Deerspendmoreenergyandstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenfoodisabundant,andspendlessenergyandusestoredfatinthewinterwhenfoodislessavailable.夏秋間，食物充裕的時(shí)候，鹿消耗較多的能量并儲(chǔ)存脂肪。在冬天食物匱乏時(shí)，它們則消耗較少的能量并使用儲(chǔ)存的脂肪。

Whenthe“energycrisis”firstcamein1973－1974,IwaslivingwithmyfamilyinacabinontheedgeofanareawheredeerspendthewinterinnorthernMinnesota,observingthedeerastheirbehaviorchangedfrommoreactivityinsummerandfalltolessaswinterprogressed,followedbyanincreaseagaininthespringasthesnowmelted.1973-1974年間，第一次出現(xiàn)“能源危機(jī)”的時(shí)候，我正與家人住在明尼蘇達(dá)州北部一處鹿群過冬地方的邊緣地帶。我們住在一個(gè)小屋里，觀察鹿的生活習(xí)性，觀察它們是如何隨著冬季來臨從夏秋的活動(dòng)頻繁狀態(tài)而變得少動(dòng)的，而到春暖雪融時(shí)，他們的活動(dòng)又是如何增多起來的。Article5_S

Itwasinterestingandratheramusingtolistentotheadvicegivenontheradio:“Driveonlywhennecessary,”weweretold.“Putonmoreclothestostaywarm,andturnthethermostatonyourfurnacedown.”Meanwhilewewatchedthedeerreducetheiractivity,growawintercoatofhair,andreducetheirmetabolismastheyhaveforthousandsofyears.Itisbiologicallyreasonablefordeertoreducetheircostoflivingtoincreasetheirchancesofsurvivinginwinter.

當(dāng)時(shí)廣播電臺(tái)常告誡我們:“沒有必要不開車，”“多穿衣服好保暖，并請調(diào)低鍋爐上的恒溫器。”這些話聽起來既有趣又逗笑。因?yàn)榕c此同時(shí)，我們一直注視著鹿減少活動(dòng)，長出越冬的厚毛，并減緩新陳代謝。幾千年來，他們一貫如此。鹿減少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的機(jī)會(huì)，從生物學(xué)角度來看是合情合理的。Whyshouldpeopledriveonlywhennecessary?TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheels.Beforethe“energycrisis”of1973-1974,gasolinewasverycheapintheU.S.andAmericansusedtodriveeverywhere,whetheritwasacoast-to-coastjourneyorashorttriptothestoreroundthecorner.Duringthe“crisis”gasolinewasrationedandmanypeoplewalked,bikedorskatedtowork.Thethermostatisanapplianceusedtoheatahouse.Byturningthethermostatonone’sfurnacedown,onecansaveelectricity(energy)andmoneyaswell.

Noteverywinteriscriticalfordeerofcourse.Ifthewinterhaslightsnow,survivalandproductivitynextspringwillbehigh.Butifdeepsnowscomeandtheweatherremainscoldforseveralweeks,thenthedeermustspendmoreenergytomoveabout,foodwillbehardertofind,andtheymustthendependmoreontheirfatreservestopullthemthrough.Ifsuchconditionsgoonfortoolongsomewilldie,andonlythelargestandstrongestarelikelytosurvive.Thatisafundamentalruleoflifeforwild,freewanderinganimalssuchasdeer.當(dāng)然，對鹿來講，并非每個(gè)冬天都處于危難之中。如果冬天雪下得少，存活率和次年春天的繁殖力就高。但如果雪積得深，天氣連續(xù)數(shù)周寒冷，鹿活動(dòng)起來就得花費(fèi)較多的能量，覓食會(huì)更難，這時(shí)它們就得更多地依賴其脂肪儲(chǔ)備度過寒冬。如果這種情況持續(xù)太久，有些鹿就要死亡，只有體型最大最壯的，才有可能存活。對于像鹿這樣四處自由奔走的野生動(dòng)物來說，這是一條根本的生存規(guī)律。Article6Yes,life—anddeath,too—isacyclethatgoesroundandround,andwhenanimalsdietheirbodiesbecomefoodforotherlifeformstousebyconvertingthemintoenergy.Andthecyclecontinues.的確，生命—還有死亡—周而復(fù)始，循環(huán)不已。當(dāng)動(dòng)物死亡的時(shí)候，他們的尸體轉(zhuǎn)化為能量，變成食物，供其他生命形式使用。如此循環(huán)，永不止息。Article1_W_inturninturn:HethatshutsLoveout,inturnshallbeshutoutfromLove.(Tennyson)1)induecourseorsuccessionHehasappliedforvariouspositionsinturnasanagent,anaccountantandasalesmanager.Wevisitedeacholdfriendinturn.2)oneafteranother將愛拒之門外的人，反過來會(huì)被愛拒之門外。（丁尼生）我們依次看望了每一個(gè)老朋友。Collocation:

byturns輪流地；交替地outofturn不依照順序地takeaturn 起變化attheturn(ofthecentury)在（世紀(jì)）交替時(shí)期Article1_W_excessexcess:n.Anexcessofenthusiasmisnotalwaysagoodthing.1)thepartthatismorethannecessaryLuggageinexcessof100kgwillbechargedextra.Excessattableisseldomhealthful.2)goingbeyondthenormaloracceptedlimitsAnexcessoffatinone’sdietcanleadtoheartdisease.暴飲暴食無益于健康。飲食中脂肪過量能導(dǎo)致心臟病。3)behaviorthatgoestoofar;violenceHedrinkstoexcess.Hisexcessesledtothedivorce.他的過分行為導(dǎo)致了離婚。Collocation:inexcessoftoexcess超過過度；過量Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_agoodcaseinpointBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingagoodcaseinpoint:agoodexampleofwhatisbeingtalkedaboutHeisratherselfish.Hisunwillingnesstohelphisbrotherisagoodcaseinpoint.Lackofcommunicationcausesseriousproblemsandtheirmarriageisacaseinpoint.Collocation:

incase以防；如果；倘若incaseof倘使inanycase無論如何innocase決不Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_matureBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingmature:adj.Amonkeyismatureintheageof5to7.1)fullygrownanddeveloped果實(shí)已經(jīng)成熟了。Thefruitsaremature.Heisquitepoliticallymature.2)typicalofafullydevelopedmind,controlledfeelings,etc.;sensible這孩子的判斷力隨著她年齡的增長而變得成熟。Thechild’sjudgmentmaturesasshegrowsolder.Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_conceiveBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingconceive:vt.OurfirstchildwasconceivedinMarchandborninDecember.1)becomepregnantwith(young)Weneverconceivedthattherearesuchbeautifullakesuntilwecamehere.2)form(anidea,plan,etc.)inthemind;thinkof;imagine她認(rèn)為這樣做是她的職責(zé)。Sheconceiveditherdutytodoso.NB:

conceive還可以作不及物動(dòng)詞,構(gòu)成短語“conceiveof（構(gòu)想出,設(shè)想）”，例如：Canyouconceiveofsuchcruelty?Itisdifficulttoconceiveofaplantopoverty.Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_givebirthtoBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadinggivebirthto:bear,bringforth,produceThetownhasgivenbirthtoquiteafewgreatmen.Collocation:

givecreditto相信；稱贊；giveear/eyeto仔細(xì)聽或看；giveeffectto使實(shí)行；使實(shí)現(xiàn)；giveplaceto讓位于；為……所替代克林頓一案引起了全國范圍的一場爭論。Clinton’scasegavebirthtoadisputealloverthecountry.givewayto向……讓步；讓位于Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_meetBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingmeet:vt.satisfyDoesthatmeetyourhopes?Collocation:

make(both)endsmeet使收支平衡meettheneedof滿足……需要meetwith（偶爾）遇見，遭受meetupwith

結(jié)識（某人），趕上（某人）這條新馬路實(shí)現(xiàn)了人們多年的愿望。Thisnewroadmeetsalong-feltneed.Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_consumeBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingconsume:vt.eatordrink;use;useupThemanconsumedthemajorityofhislifeinsearchingforhismissingson.Thiscarconsumesasmalleramountofgas.Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.Article3_W_depositBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingdeposit:vt.putorstoreforsafekeeping;keep(money)inabankShedepositedherbaginthecloakroom.她剛剛把一大筆錢存到她的帳戶上。Shehadjustdepositedalargesumofmoneyinheraccount.Collocation:deposit…indeposit…with在……存儲(chǔ)把……交給……保管Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.Article3_W_expend1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingexpend:vt.spendoruseupTheyhaveexpendedyearsinworkingouttheproblem.他們已經(jīng)花了好幾年的時(shí)間來解這道題。Thestudentsexpendedmuchcareontheirgraduationpapers.CF:

expend,spend&cost這三個(gè)動(dòng)詞均含“花費(fèi)”之意。cost

指花費(fèi)時(shí)間、金錢、勞力等。其主語是物，而不能由人充當(dāng)，也不用被動(dòng)形式。expend較正式用詞，通常指為某一專門目的而花費(fèi)大量金錢、時(shí)間或精力。spend

普通用詞，與cost基本同義，但主語必須是人。Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.Article3_W_accumulateBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingaccumulate:v.makeorbecomegreaterinnumberorquantity;collectorgatherlittlebylittleHequicklyaccumulatedalargefortune.Misfortunesaccumulatedonhislifepath.他的人生道路上不幸接著不幸。Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.Article3_W_drawonBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingdrawon:makeuseof;securefundsfromHislatestnoveldrawsheavilyonhisexperienceinthearmy.Collocation:

drawapart越離越遠(yuǎn)drawaside拉到一邊drawaway拉開距離drawoff排掉（水等）；脫去drawout開出，取出存款Thegovernmentdecidedtodrawonitsgoldreservestogetoverthefinancialcrisis.政府決定動(dòng)用它的黃金儲(chǔ)備來度過財(cái)政危機(jī)。Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerb