B3 U9 補(bǔ)充課件詞匯翻譯與寫作

MUSICunit9soothe(v.)

(Line1,Para1)1)makelessangryoranxious;comfortorcalm使平靜；使鎮(zhèn)靜；安慰

2)(+with)makelesspainful

緩和（疼痛）；減輕（痛苦）soothing(a.)

(Line7,Para2)Somepeople_______theirnerveswithmusic(用音樂(lè)舒緩神經(jīng)).But________words(安慰的話)workbesttome.This________medicine(止痛藥)willefficiently______________________(減輕喉嚨痛苦).

soothing

soothesoothing

sootheyoursourthroat請(qǐng)用soothe或soothing填空。Exercisecommission(Line10,Para.3)

(v.)

formallyasksomeonetodoapieceofwork委托

(n.)

1)委員會(huì)，調(diào)查團(tuán)，考察團(tuán)

2)傭金，回扣

3)授權(quán)，委托；所授之權(quán)，所托之事RowanwascommissionedtosendthemessagetoGarcia.

羅文受托將這封信交給加西亞。TranslationThecommissionforpaintingapictureofthePresidentwasgiventoawell-knownartist.給總統(tǒng)畫像的事項(xiàng)已經(jīng)委托給了一位著名畫家。TranslationHereceivesacommissionof10percentonsales,aswellasasalary.他按銷售數(shù)量收取百分之十的傭金，另外還有一份薪水。Recently,acommissiononeducationwassenttoAmerica.

最近，一支教育考察團(tuán)被派往美國(guó)考察。beapttodosth.(Line18,Para.4)habituallyliable,customarilydisposed,likely,pronetodosomething

易于做某事She

isapttofollowthefashion.她愛(ài)趕時(shí)髦。Translation當(dāng)你把人置于那種憤怒狀態(tài)時(shí)，很容易出麻煩。Whenyougetmenintothatstateofanger,thereisapttobetroublecoming.apt指人的機(jī)體或精神上的固有的或習(xí)慣的傾向等。比較

apt,liable,likely和prone詞匯辨析liable指易于產(chǎn)生某種對(duì)主語(yǔ)不利的后果，如風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、危險(xiǎn)、傷害、懲罰等。likely常用詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上的可能性，用于指將來(lái)。prone指有某種弱點(diǎn)、錯(cuò)誤或不良行為的傾向。請(qǐng)用apt,liable,likely或prone填空。ExerciseWearedrivingacrossanaccident-______zone.Mr.Greenis_______tomarrythisyear.likelyproneInwinter,anoldmanis______tocatchcold.liableAcarelesspersonis____tomakemistakes.aptgovern(v.)(Line19,Para.4)1)rule(acountry,city,etc.)

統(tǒng)治；管理

2)controlordetermine管理；支配派生詞：governmentgovernmentalanti-governmentalgovernor不要被別人的話所左右。一位民主的校長(zhǎng)管理著這所學(xué)校。Theschoolisgovernedbyademocraticmaster.Don’tbegovernedbywhatotherssay.Translationbeinclinedtodo(Line23,Para.5)1)encouraged;feelingawishtodo

贊成……的；愿意的

2)likely;tendingto

易于；傾向于請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示完成下面的對(duì)話。ExerciseHe______________totakeInternet-writingashiscareer.他很想以網(wǎng)絡(luò)寫作為自己的事業(yè)。ismuchinclinedI____________accepttheirinvitation.我傾向于接受他們的邀請(qǐng)。

aminclinedtowander(v.)(Line26,Para.5)1)gofromplacetoplace漫游；漫步；徘徊

2)leavetherightpathordirection

迷失

3)(+from/off)beabsent-minded;allowthethoughtstogofromsubjecttosubject心不在焉；胡思亂想他眼睛在看書，腦子卻在胡思亂想。TranslationHiseyeswerereadingbookswhilehismindwaswandering.周游歐洲，他回想起了他曾住過(guò)的小村莊。WanderingthroughEurope,herecalledthesmallvillageheoncedwelt.TranslationPleasedon’twanderfromthesubject.請(qǐng)別偏離正題。overtake(v.)

(Line34,Para.7)

1)comeorcatchupwith

趕上；追上；超越

2)(ofstormsortroubles)comeupon(sb.)suddenly,bysurprise

（風(fēng)暴、麻煩）突然降臨在過(guò)去的五年里，中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)速度超過(guò)了許多發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。TranslationInthepastfiveyears,China’seconomicgrowthrate

overtookthatofmanydevelopedcountries.Hewasovertakenbymisfortuneovernight.一夜之間厄運(yùn)突然降臨到他頭上。同undertake比較：1)agreetodosth.

承擔(dān)；承攬；答應(yīng)2)start(apieceofwork)

著手；開(kāi)始一項(xiàng)工作3)affirm;promise

確定；許諾；擔(dān)保請(qǐng)用overtake

或undertake填空并注明中文解釋。ExerciseWhowill_________theleadershipoftheteam?

undertake

Exportshavealready_________lastyear’sfigure.

overtaken

Hewas_________by/withfear.

overtaken（擔(dān)任）（超過(guò)）

（為……所壓倒）Theycouldn’t________thattheywillmakeaprofit.

undertake（保證）induce(v.)(Line39,Para.9)1)bringabout;cause

產(chǎn)生；造成

2)makesomeonedecidetodosomething

引誘；誘導(dǎo)Translation過(guò)度地打網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲，使他視力下降。Overplayingthenetgamesinducedhispooreyesight.Littlechildrenareverylikelytoliebecausetheyarestrongly

inducedbytastyfood.

小孩子極易因美食的誘惑而撒謊。請(qǐng)用形近詞induce,deduce或reduce填空。ExerciseBitterlifehas_______hismotherintoaskinnywhite-hairedoldwoman.

reducedOnthebasisofevidencethepolice_______thathewasguilty.deducedLust(欲望)formoneyandpower_______himtohoptoanothercompany.induced（變成）（演繹；推斷）（引誘）distract(Line46,Para.10)(v.)(+from)drawawaysb’sattentionfromsth.

使分心；注意力分散

(adj.)-ed(with/by)withthemindconfusedorbewildered

心情紛亂的；困惑的語(yǔ)境模擬練習(xí)ExercisePlace:Teacher’sofficeSpeakers:Teacher(T)andStudent(S)withproblemsinconcentration語(yǔ)境模擬練習(xí)ExerciseT:Hi,boy,itseemsthatyouarenotdoingwellthesedays.S:Yeah,Iameasyto_______________mystudy.T:Theremustbereasons.S:Youknow,I___rather_____________choices.Myfamilycannotsupportmyfuturestudyhere…

bedistractedfromamdistractedwithtract

=

拉，抽abstract

(adj.)

抽象的

(n.)

摘要attract

(v.)

吸引構(gòu)詞法contract

(n.)

合同

(v.)

簽訂合同extract

(v.)取出；摘錄subtract

(v.) 減，減去hazard(Line68,Para.14)(v.)(+by/for/in/on)taketheriskof;exposetodanger冒……之險(xiǎn)；使遭受危險(xiǎn)

(n.)(C)risk;danger冒險(xiǎn)；危險(xiǎn)攀巖者有時(shí)會(huì)冒著生命的危險(xiǎn)在攀巖。Rock-climberssometimes_______________.不要冒著敗壞自己名聲的危險(xiǎn)去幫別人在考試中作弊。Don’t___________________byhelpingotherscheatinexams.hazardtheirliveshazardyourreputation吸煙是健康上的冒險(xiǎn)。Smokingcigarettesis_____________.ahealthhazard請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。Exercisedanger是最普通用語(yǔ)。泛指面臨的一切危險(xiǎn)、危害、威脅。常見(jiàn)搭配：indanger(在危險(xiǎn)中)

outofdanger(脫離危險(xiǎn))

freefromdanger(沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn))比較

danger,risk和hazard詞匯辨析risk指可能發(fā)生但又難以預(yù)料的危險(xiǎn)，也常用來(lái)表示生意活動(dòng)中可能遇到的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。常見(jiàn)搭配：atrisk(有危險(xiǎn))

atallrisk(無(wú)論如何)

torun/takearisk(冒險(xiǎn))hazard指由于偶然的情況引起的危險(xiǎn)或危害。請(qǐng)用danger,risk或hazard填空。ExerciseHeisin______oflosingallhismoneyifhecontinuestospendingmoneythatway.

dangerTheyrefusedtoinvestinthetextileindustrywheretherewasmore_____thanelsewhere.riskExhaustfumesfromthatplantisa_______tothesurroundingtown.hazard本課出現(xiàn)的四六級(jí)詞匯

at/behindthewheel:在駕駛e.gWhowasatthewheelwhenthecarcrashed?Musicmaysoothethesavagebreastbutitcanalsodamageyourhealthwhenyouareatthewheel.(line2)撞車的時(shí)候誰(shuí)在開(kāi)車？2.…blastingawayinsideacar,canbedangerous,….(line3)blastaway:playinaloudvoice.blastvt.

1)炸開(kāi)（巖石）

2)使枯萎而死

3)咒罵1）他們已炸掉這塊巖石以便修一條新的路。2）寒冷的風(fēng)摧毀了春天才生長(zhǎng)出來(lái)的東西。3）Blastit!活該!;該死!Blasthim!活該!;該死!They'veblastedawaytherocktobuildthenewroad.Theicywindhadblastedthenewspringgrowth.3.Therearetwoextremesinmusic,bothofwhichcanresultinrisk.(line5)

resultin

:v.

Leadto,cause,bringon,bringabout,makeforresult的相關(guān)詞組：resultin導(dǎo)致resultfrom由…產(chǎn)生asaresultof:作為結(jié)果intheresult:結(jié)果是withtheresultthat:因此3.Therearetwoextremesinmusic,bothofwhichcanresultinrisk.(line5)

這次事故造成三人死亡。2.他的努力終成泡影

3.因?yàn)橛徐F該航班誤點(diǎn)。4.通過(guò)他自己的努力，他最終贏得了人們的尊敬5.我遲到了，因此我誤了火車。Theaccidentresultedinthreepeoplebeingkilled.Nothinghasresultedfromhisefforts.Theflightwasdelayedasaresultoffog.Intheresult,heachievedpeople’srespectthroughhiseffort.

Iwaslate,withtheresultthatImissedthetrain.B練習(xí)：Alovelymarriage,however,doesnotnecessarily______muchsharingofinterestsandresponsibilities.(1996.01CET4)TakeoverB)resultinC)holdonD)keepup4.…whichisconcernedwithroadsafety,commissionedresearchIntotherelationshipbetweenseriousaccidentsandmusic.(line9)commissioned:

V.1)Tograntacommissionto.授予一項(xiàng)任務(wù)

2)Toplaceanorderfor:委托做某事：

3)Toput(aship)intoactiveservice.使（船）服役1）Thekingcommissionedanewpieceofmusic.

國(guó)王下令譜一首新曲。

我授權(quán)銀行代我繳稅。2）Ihavecommissionedthebanktopaymytaxes

那個(gè)著名的作曲家為這個(gè)節(jié)慶受托寫一首新的交響樂(lè)曲3)Thefamouscomposerwascommissionedanewsymphonyforthefestival.4.…whichisconcernedwithroadsafety,commissionedresearchIntotherelationshipbetweenseriousaccidentsandmusic.(line9)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)：incommission1）服役中（用于船）2）在使用中或在使用條件中

oncommission：委托

outofcommission：不在使用或工作條件Theinsurancecompanypaidhim$4000in____afterhisaccident.(1997.06CET6)CompensationB)installmentC)submissionD)commissionA5.Theydidfindthemselvesmakingfastergearchangesacceleratingmorequicklyandbrakingmoreabruptly.(line18)

accelerating:prep.

1)toincreasethespeedof.2)tospeedup(anacademiccourse,forexample1)Itisakindofsubstanceusedtoaccelerateafire.這是一種用以加大火勢(shì)的物質(zhì)2）Acceleratingtheacademiccoursemakeitpossiblefor(astudent)tograduateearlier.跳級(jí)使（學(xué)生）可能比正常時(shí)間早些畢業(yè)acceleration：n.加速，加快accelerator:n加速器練習(xí)：Thepoliticalaction_____thecollapseofthecorruptiongovernment.AdvancedB)hastenedC)acceleratedD)promoted答案是：CAdvance主要指加快具體事物的進(jìn)程Hasten:催促某人做某事Accelerate:指動(dòng)作的加快，速度的提高Promote：以某種凡是促進(jìn)事物向預(yù)期的方向發(fā)展1)Thetowngovernmentputthebrakesonalltheseprojectsbygivingthemlessmoney.(喻)鎮(zhèn)政府削減對(duì)所有這些工程的撥款,使它們都停頓下來(lái)了。2)

Thecarbrakedtoastop.車剎住不走了brake(line18)：n.Adeviceforslowingorstoppingmotion,asofavehicle,especiallybycontactfriction.

v.ToreducethespeedofB練習(xí)：Hetriedhisbestto_______thecarinordertoavoidtheaccident.A)breakB)brakeC)brakieD)bake7.Slower,moreambienttrackslikeChopinstimulateachangeinaperson’sbrainpattern,encouragingAlphawavesandinducingafeelingofwell-being.(line33)Toomuchoverworkwillnotonlymakepeoplefeeldepressedbutalsoinduceillness.練習(xí)：Whenherealizehehadbeen______tosignthecontractbyintrigue,hethreatentostartlegalproceedingstocanceltheagreement.(1999.01CET6)A)ElicitedB)excitedC)deduceD)induced

induce：tobringaboutorstimulatetheoccurrenceof;

引起引發(fā)或激發(fā)；導(dǎo)致：e.g.工作過(guò)度勞累，不僅會(huì)使人心情沮喪還會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)生D

8.Thegreatestdangerisfatigueatthewheel.(line35)1)我們到旅程的終點(diǎn)時(shí)全都累倒了。

fatigue：physicalormentalwearinessresultingfromexertion.Wewereallsufferingfromfatigueattheendofourjourney2)由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間睡眠不足，她的臉上呈現(xiàn)出疲憊的蒼白Becauseofhavingnosufficientsleepforalongtime,herfacelookedpalewithfatigue.

辨析：fatigue:n.&v.由于費(fèi)力而引起的身體或精神上的虛弱tire:n.&v.疲勞，累產(chǎn)生疲憊exhaust:v.用盡，花完：n.從氣缸中排出的廢氣wearout:v.穿破[舊],逐漸耗盡;使疲憊不堪;使虛弱,使衰老Therearetwoextremesinmusic,bothofwhichcanresultinrisk.(line5)TheBritishAutomobileAssociation,whichisconcernedwithroadsafety….(line9)Thecommentsmadebythevolunteerdrivers,someofwhomwerenewlyqualified…(line22)………本課中出現(xiàn)了大量的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，下面我們對(duì)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句作以小結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)：Grammar定語(yǔ)從句可分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句（RestrictiveAttributiveClause)和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句（Non-restrictiveAttributiveClause).其中限定性定語(yǔ)從句使修飾的詞代表一個(gè)或一類特定的人或東西。這類從句是不能拿掉的，如果拿掉剩下的部分就會(huì)失去意義或意思不清。如：Amanwhodoesn’ttrytolearnfromotherscan’thopetoachievemuch.而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句則不然，它只對(duì)所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，拿掉后其余部分仍然成立。如：

SheisgoingtospendthesummerholidayinXi’an,whereshehassomerelatives.非限定性定語(yǔ)從句常和句子的其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可譯為一個(gè)并列的句子。如上句：她準(zhǔn)備到西安過(guò)暑假，那兒她有一些親戚。Grammar非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾人時(shí)用who,whom或whose.修飾物時(shí)用which.還可以用where或when.1.Theteamisheadedbya44-year-oldMongolian,whosewifeisaTibetan.

隊(duì)長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)44歲的蒙古人，他的妻子是藏族人2.ThelongestglaciersofardiscoveredinChina,theKaragul,whichis34km,inlength,islocatedhere.

卡拉古爾冰川有34公里長(zhǎng)，是我國(guó)到目前為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的最長(zhǎng)的冰川。3.Weputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.

我們把郊游推遲到下個(gè)星期，那時(shí)我們不會(huì)這么忙了。Grammar

語(yǔ)法演練：1.Shehasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.ofwhichIthinkisB)IthinkwhichisC)whichIthinkisD)whichIthinkitis2.Thereceptionist,____jobitwastoanswerthephone,hadlaryngitis.whoseB)whomC)whoD)that3.Ihavetolookaheadforconcerts,____areusuallyheldinLondon.thatB)whatC)whichD)they4)Hefailedhisexam,____provedthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.whatB)whichC)thisD)ofwhich5.Ourfactoryhas1,000workers,____arewomen.manyofwhichB)manyofwhomC)manyofthatD)manyofwhoseC

AＣBＢ強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝句的翻譯

（一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的常見(jiàn)翻譯熱點(diǎn)：在動(dòng)詞前面加助動(dòng)詞do（或do的相應(yīng)形式）的翻譯；用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞的形容詞或強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞的程度副詞；強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“Itis(was)…that(which,who)…”

可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)句子中的某些成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等；在某些疑問(wèn)詞“what”、“where”、“who”、“why”、“how”等后面加上詞組，如“onearth,intheworld,thehell,thedevil”等。Theyoungsoldier

didpromisehisparentshewouldcomebackfromthefrontsafeandsound.這名年輕士兵確實(shí)向他的父母許諾過(guò)：他將安安全全從前線歸來(lái)。

1．在動(dòng)詞前面加助動(dòng)詞do（或do的相應(yīng)形式）的翻譯：可譯為“確實(shí)”、“真的”、“一定”。Heistheverymantobethenomineeforthepresidentialcampaign.他正是此次總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選的候選人。2．用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞的形容詞或強(qiáng)調(diào)形容詞的程度副詞的翻譯：如“very”、“l(fā)ast”、“terribly”等詞，可譯成“正是”、“相當(dāng)”、“就是”等。Itisthepeople,notthings,thataredecisive.決定的因素是人，而不是物。3．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“Itis(was)…that(which,who)…”等的翻譯：翻譯時(shí)可以用“是”、“正是”、“就是”來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)含意。Whenonearthdoyouthinkyoucandeliverthegoods?你們認(rèn)為到底什么時(shí)候能交貨？4．疑問(wèn)詞“what”、“where”、“who”、“why”、“how”等后面加上詞組“onearth,intheworld,thehell,thedevil”等的翻譯：翻譯時(shí)可以用“到底”、“究竟”來(lái)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。（二）倒裝句的常見(jiàn)翻譯熱點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)有兩種順序：一是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前，稱為自然語(yǔ)序，一種是謂語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)之前，稱為倒裝語(yǔ)序。倒裝語(yǔ)序又分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和修辭的需要，在英語(yǔ)中使用倒裝句時(shí)，可達(dá)到突出某一成分和強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)義的效果。因此，在翻譯倒裝句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意采用合適的漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯以表達(dá)出原文的強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣。1．全部倒裝句的翻譯副詞+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)的倒裝句式的翻譯；表語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)的倒裝句式的翻譯；保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡而謂語(yǔ)置前的倒裝句的翻譯。2．部分倒裝句的翻譯由否定副詞引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句的翻譯；由“so”、“well”、“only”、“often”等副詞引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句；省略了“if”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣句的翻譯；部分讓步從句的翻譯。ThedooropenedandtherecameoutamanwiththeairofI’m-No.1onhisface.門開(kāi)了，從里面出來(lái)一個(gè)滿臉“老子天下第一”神氣的男人。（副詞+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)的倒裝句式的翻譯）1．全部倒裝句的翻譯類似的副詞有：there,here,now,then等。此外，在名詞做主語(yǔ)的句子中，有時(shí)為了使情景更生動(dòng)，副詞狀語(yǔ)放在句前，謂語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)之前。此類副詞有：out,up,down,in,away等。Ofparamountimportancetomeonmywaytopursuetruthistoexploretheinterrelationshipamongmattersintheuniverse.在追尋真理的過(guò)程中，對(duì)我最重要的是探索宇宙中事物之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。（表語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)的倒裝句式的翻譯）在此類倒裝句中的表語(yǔ)包括：介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞、副詞、過(guò)去分詞等。Onthewindingpathweretobefoundfootprintsofsomeanimals.沿著曲折的小路可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些野獸的足跡。（保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡而謂語(yǔ)置前的倒裝句的翻譯）當(dāng)一個(gè)句子沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)而主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，常將狀語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)和副詞）提前，謂語(yǔ)也置于主語(yǔ)之前。Thesedifferencesshouldnothinderusfromestablishingnormalbilateralrelationship,stilllessshouldtheyleadtowar.這些分歧不應(yīng)妨礙我們建立正常的雙邊關(guān)系，更不應(yīng)導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。（由否定副詞引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句的翻譯）2．部分倒裝句的翻譯常見(jiàn)的此類否定副詞有：never,little,less,often,neither,nor,hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,nowhere,notonly,notuntil,invain,nosooner,atnopoint,atnotime,innocircumstances等。Welldowerememberthefancystorieshetoldusaboutourbelovednationalheroes.ThetravelersgoingtoTibet,beitrainorshine,willsetoutontime.他給我們講過(guò)令人敬仰的民族英雄，那些傳奇故事我們至今還記得清清楚楚。（由“so”、“well”、“only”、“of