牽引計(jì)算(2023完美版)

專業(yè)綜合實(shí)踐設(shè)計(jì)題目：SS4型電力機(jī)車(chē)牽引計(jì)算學(xué)院：電氣學(xué)院班級(jí)：姓名：學(xué)號(hào)：指導(dǎo)教師：【摘要】根據(jù)列車(chē)牽引計(jì)算的基本理論，嚴(yán)格按照《列車(chē)牽引計(jì)算規(guī)程》，利用手工計(jì)算和計(jì)算機(jī)編程繪圖兩種方式完成了列車(chē)計(jì)算坡道、牽引重量、列車(chē)換算制動(dòng)率、運(yùn)行時(shí)間和運(yùn)行速度的計(jì)算，以及運(yùn)行合力曲線圖、運(yùn)行速度和時(shí)間曲線圖的繪制。其中計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖計(jì)算部分中的繪圖程序均用Matlab完成，列車(chē)運(yùn)行時(shí)間和運(yùn)行距離的計(jì)算程序均應(yīng)用手工計(jì)算。【關(guān)鍵字】列車(chē)牽引制動(dòng)計(jì)算1、引言隨著教學(xué)改革的深入和培養(yǎng)鐵道電氣化應(yīng)用人才的需要，在電力機(jī)車(chē)專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃中，為了增強(qiáng)我們對(duì)電力機(jī)車(chē)進(jìn)一步的了解，以及加強(qiáng)以往學(xué)習(xí)模式的改革和創(chuàng)新，《電力機(jī)車(chē)牽引計(jì)算》被廣泛應(yīng)用和推廣?！盃恳?jì)算”涉及到課程的理論內(nèi)容需要大量的力學(xué)知識(shí)，如牽引力的形成與計(jì)算、制動(dòng)力的形成與計(jì)算、列車(chē)阻力的形成與計(jì)算、列車(chē)運(yùn)行速度和時(shí)間的計(jì)算等，整合了過(guò)去的理論力學(xué)和列車(chē)牽引計(jì)算。這次課程設(shè)計(jì)使我們加強(qiáng)了對(duì)《電力機(jī)車(chē)牽引計(jì)算》的理論認(rèn)識(shí)，熟悉了電力機(jī)車(chē)的計(jì)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，嚴(yán)格按照《列車(chē)牽引計(jì)算規(guī)程》。此次課程設(shè)計(jì)不僅注重聯(lián)系實(shí)際，而且注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的能力。設(shè)計(jì)題目2.1課程設(shè)計(jì)目的在學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)車(chē)車(chē)輛基本理論的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)這一環(huán)節(jié)鞏固和實(shí)踐所學(xué)的主干專業(yè)課程。2.2課程設(shè)計(jì)要求認(rèn)真分析課程設(shè)計(jì)的題目、具體任務(wù)，以及所給出的設(shè)計(jì)條件、根據(jù)所學(xué)理論計(jì)算和確定列車(chē)牽引質(zhì)量、運(yùn)行速度、運(yùn)行時(shí)間、繪制合力曲線等。2.3課程設(shè)計(jì)題目描述1、已知條件SS4型電力機(jī)車(chē)牽引特性曲線：SS4型電力機(jī)車(chē)電阻制動(dòng)特性曲線：SS4型電力機(jī)車(chē)牽引計(jì)算主要數(shù)據(jù)：2、列車(chē)阻力計(jì)算，給出列車(chē)阻力計(jì)算公式。所謂列車(chē)阻力，是指列車(chē)運(yùn)行時(shí)作用在列車(chē)上阻止列車(chē)運(yùn)行并且不能用人力操控的外力，用大寫(xiě)W表示，單位為N或KN。作用在電力機(jī)車(chē)和車(chē)輛上的阻力分別為機(jī)車(chē)阻力和車(chē)輛阻力。顯然W=+(KN)按照引起列車(chē)阻力的原因，列車(chē)阻力可分為兩大類(lèi)：（1）基本阻力——列車(chē)在任何情況下運(yùn)行都存在的阻力。用代表阻力的字母右下角加角標(biāo)“0”來(lái)表示，如分別表示列車(chē)，電力機(jī)車(chē)，車(chē)輛的基本阻力。（2）附加阻力——列車(chē)在某些特殊情況下運(yùn)行時(shí)除基本阻力外所增加的阻力，如坡道阻力等。試驗(yàn)表明，作業(yè)在機(jī)車(chē)車(chē)輛上的阻力都與其重量成正比，所以牽引計(jì)算中常用單位重量的阻力，稱為單位阻力，以小寫(xiě)字母w表示，單位為N或KN，因此有機(jī)車(chē)單位阻力：(N/KN)車(chē)輛單位阻力：(N/KN)列車(chē)單位阻力：(N/KN)發(fā)生的阻力，分為起動(dòng)阻力Rs，運(yùn)行阻力Rr，坡道阻力Rg，曲線阻力Rc和隧道阻力Rt。（1）起動(dòng)阻力所謂起動(dòng)阻力是由車(chē)軸和軸承直接接觸導(dǎo)致的摩擦阻力引起的，車(chē)輛或者列車(chē)在平坦直線的道路上起動(dòng)所受到的阻力。（2.5）在這里，Rs：出發(fā)阻力（N），rs：出發(fā)阻力（N/t），W：列車(chē)質(zhì)量（t）。起動(dòng)阻力的值根據(jù)軸承的種類(lèi)有所不同，每噸29N左右，受到軸承構(gòu)造和氣溫等的影響，在起動(dòng)后速度到1km/h后急劇減少。0~3km/h是出發(fā)阻力的領(lǐng)域，之后進(jìn)入走行阻力領(lǐng)域。這些關(guān)系如下圖所示:圖2.5起動(dòng)阻力和運(yùn)行阻力（2）運(yùn)行阻力所謂運(yùn)行阻力是指列車(chē)在平坦直線軌道上行走時(shí)受到的阻力，如后面所描述的那樣，可用公式(2.6)表示。構(gòu)成因素包括：和速度無(wú)關(guān)的軸承部分的摩擦阻力（公式(2.6)a項(xiàng)）；和速度成正比的車(chē)輪和鋼軌之間的摩擦阻力（公式(2.6)的b項(xiàng)）；和速度的平方成正比的空氣阻力（公式(2.6)的c項(xiàng)）。其中a項(xiàng)，b項(xiàng)和列車(chē)質(zhì)量成正比。另外，隨著速度加快，c項(xiàng)的空氣阻力變大，空氣阻力分為列車(chē)前方受到的前面阻力，由于列車(chē)后部的空氣變得稀薄而形成的后部阻力，編組車(chē)輛間的渦流形成的車(chē)間阻力和由車(chē)輛側(cè)面與空氣摩擦形成的側(cè)面阻力，根據(jù)車(chē)輛的形狀，斷面積，連結(jié)輛數(shù)和接觸面的狀態(tài)而變化。由于運(yùn)行阻力的因素特別復(fù)雜且相互關(guān)聯(lián)，所以根據(jù)走行試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果一般如以下公式所示，各數(shù)值根據(jù)不同車(chē)輛而定。運(yùn)行阻力一般分為隧道外阻力和隧道內(nèi)阻力。（2.6）這里，Rt：走行阻力(N)，v：走行速度(km/h),a,b,c：常數(shù)，W：列車(chē)質(zhì)量(t).（3）坡道阻力坡道阻力是列車(chē)或車(chē)輛在斜坡上的時(shí)候，因重力的分力形成的往斜坡下方拉的作用力，以上坡度為正，下坡度為負(fù)。圖2.6坡道阻力圖2.3中，因?yàn)椤鰽BC和△abc是三個(gè)角相等的相似三角形，對(duì)應(yīng)邊的長(zhǎng)度相等，所以.(2.7)通常用BC/AC表示坡度，即tanθ，因?yàn)殍F路線路的坡度角度θ非常小，所以如果AB=BC，則（θ=2°，即34.9‰以內(nèi)可視為同一值）。另外，鐵路路線中用10/1000這樣的千分率表示BC/AC的坡度，表示為10‰。設(shè)坡度為g/1000,動(dòng)輪上質(zhì)量為W（t），坡度阻力Rg（N）如以下公式所示，每噸的坡道阻力可用千分率表示為坡度值。（2.8）3、 牽引計(jì)算基本原理，簡(jiǎn)要給出編程用到的牽引計(jì)算公式。（1）列車(chē)總牽引力：所有動(dòng)車(chē)的輪周牽引力之和。（2）制動(dòng)力：所有參與制動(dòng)的輪周制動(dòng)力之和。（3）牽引電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩τ（N?m）和轉(zhuǎn)速n（rpm），列車(chē)速度v（km/h）和車(chē)輪在踏面上的總輪周牽引力Fp（kN），與總輪周制動(dòng)力Fb(kN)有如下的關(guān)系：（2.1）（2.2）（2.3）D：車(chē)輪直徑（m），G：齒輪傳動(dòng)比，N：牽引電動(dòng)機(jī)臺(tái)數(shù)，：齒輪的傳動(dòng)效率。列車(chē)的總牽引功率P（kW）是速度和輪周牽引力的乘積，如公式（2.4）所示：（2.4）（1）牽引制動(dòng)特性曲線：圖2.1牽引與制動(dòng)特性曲線（2）線路條件：表1線路坡度數(shù)據(jù)編號(hào)起點(diǎn)里程終點(diǎn)里程坡度(‰)坡長(zhǎng)(m)限速(km/h)201.6016004031.62.175.15704042.173.0248508053.023.75.168073.74.14-4.8440104.145.035890115.035.561.6530135.566.901340156.97.69-3.6790177.698.94-2.41250198.949.550610229.5510.39-2.58402310.3911.36-3.89702511.3612.34-0.79802612.3412.950.66102812.9513.95-2.910003013.9514.7908403114.7915.7-0.69103415.717-0.31300371718-1.11000401819.71.117004319.721.5-318004421.522.7-0.112004722.723.650.39505023.6525.70.120505125.726.7-0.510005326.727.9-0.512005527.928.9-0.710005628.931-12100573132.25-1.212506032.2533.93-0.516806133.9334.7-2.27706334.735.9-1.812006435.937-0.81100673737.9909906937.9938.65-16607238.6540.10.714507340.140.55-1.54507440.5541.55-0.210007741.5543.2016508043.244.51.513008444.545.850.713508745.854701150914748.750.51750409548.7550.701950402.4課程設(shè)計(jì)的具體任務(wù)（1）計(jì)算牽引質(zhì)量、校驗(yàn)并確定區(qū)段牽引質(zhì)量；計(jì)算列車(chē)換算制動(dòng)率等。（2）編制合力表，繪制合力曲線。（3）化簡(jiǎn)線路縱斷面的運(yùn)行時(shí)間及制動(dòng)距離等。（4）繪制列車(chē)運(yùn)行速度線和列車(chē)運(yùn)行時(shí)間線。（5）編制點(diǎn)算程序計(jì)算，并計(jì)算及繪圖，編程語(yǔ)言不限。3、總體設(shè)計(jì)速度控制策略3.1選定計(jì)算坡道，計(jì)算牽引重量（含校驗(yàn)）3.1.1限制坡道的確定根據(jù)本題所給線路情況，在該牽引區(qū)段內(nèi)坡度為8.5‰，長(zhǎng)度為2600m的坡度，是是牽引重量受限制的坡道（限制坡道內(nèi)）。3.1.2牽引重量的計(jì)算用均衡速度法計(jì)算牽引重量：列車(chē)在任何一個(gè)區(qū)間運(yùn)行，總會(huì)遇到一些長(zhǎng)短不等、坡度不一的坡道。在所有的坡道內(nèi)，總有一個(gè)是最難通過(guò)的，而列車(chē)的最大牽引重量往往是被這個(gè)最難通過(guò)的上坡道限制的。如果該坡道具備計(jì)算坡道的特征，就可以用均衡速度法計(jì)算牽引重量選定計(jì)算坡道為8.5‰且對(duì)于SS4型電力機(jī)車(chē)有=100Km/h，=127KN則：=1.02+0.0035v+0.000320=1.02+0.0035*100+0.000320*5.60(N/KN)=1.82+0.0100*v+0.000145*=1.61+0.0040*100+0.000187*3.88(N/KN)又因?yàn)?8.5‰，P=863.28KN所以牽引重量為G===8247.323（KN）由計(jì)算牽引重量可將客車(chē)按以下方式編組：機(jī)車(chē)牽引客車(chē)質(zhì)量4800t。3.1.3牽引重量校驗(yàn)由于牽引重量已假設(shè)為，現(xiàn)只需對(duì)其進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)。按起動(dòng)地段的破多么驗(yàn)算牽引重量：根據(jù)提意及電力機(jī)車(chē)牽引的滾動(dòng)軸承貨物列車(chē)演算公式易得===16278.81（KN）顯然大于G，所以按限制坡道計(jì)算出來(lái)的牽引重量在車(chē)站能夠可靠啟動(dòng)。3.2計(jì)算列車(chē)制動(dòng)率標(biāo)記重55t裝有GK型制動(dòng)機(jī)的客車(chē)車(chē)輛，盤(pán)形制動(dòng)裝置，中磨合成閘片（裝有踏面制動(dòng)單元）每輛車(chē)換算閘瓦壓力重車(chē)為250KNSS4型電力機(jī)車(chē)每臺(tái)換算閘瓦壓力為280KN。=16*250+280=4280（KN）則列車(chē)換算制動(dòng)率為：===0.4513.3編制合力表，繪制合力曲線3.3.1合力計(jì)算表在繪制列車(chē)單位合力曲線圖時(shí)，要先編制單位合力曲線圖。在已知電力機(jī)車(chē)類(lèi)型，數(shù)量及編掛情況，牽引重量，以及列車(chē)換算制動(dòng)率的機(jī)車(chē)上，易得列車(chē)在牽引，惰性，制動(dòng)三種工況下所受到的單位合力，如表3.1所示：表3.1SS4型電力機(jī)車(chē)合力計(jì)算表計(jì)算條件：ss4型電力機(jī)車(chē)，P=184t，QUOTE=0.2，QUOTE=70km/h運(yùn)行工況欄數(shù)速度（km*QUOTE）項(xiàng)目0102028.73036.74041.2475057.46070牽引1F（kN）541.5541.5505.3486.1474.2363.0224.6204.0149.12QUOTE=0.6F（kN）324.9324.9303.2291.5284.55217.8134.8122.489.534QUOTE=2.27+0.00156QUOTE（N/kN)2.432.432.893.553.674.374.774.925.586.177.417.899.915QUOTE=PQUOTE(kN)17.1617.1620.4125.0725.9230.8733.6934.7539.4143.5852.3355.7370.006C=QUOTE-QUOTE=（2）-（5)(kN)307.75307.75282.76265.75250.86183.0582.4566.6719.507C=QUOTE43.5743.5740.0337.6235.5225.9211.679.442.76惰行8QUOTE=QUOTE2.432.432.892.923.674.374.775.586.177.899.91常用制動(dòng)9QUOTE=0.358+QUOTE0.3580.3370.3200.3070.2960.2860.2780.271510b=1000QUOTE(N/kN)71.667.46461.459.257.255.654.311c=QUOTE+0.5b(N/kN)38.2336.1334.8934.3734.3734.7735.6937.06電阻制動(dòng)12QUOTE(kN)0167.8333.5482.7376.7482.7374.7321.813QUOTE=QUOTE(kN)023.7647.2268.3453.3368.3453.0545.5614c=QUOTE+0.9QUOTE(kN)2.4323.8145.3864.4352.3761.5147.7450.913.3.2合力曲線根據(jù)合力計(jì)算表中的數(shù)據(jù)，運(yùn)用Matlab編程繪制合力曲線如圖3.1至3.5。圖3.1牽引運(yùn)行合力曲線圖圖3.2惰性運(yùn)行合力曲線圖圖3.3常用制動(dòng)合力曲線圖圖3.4電阻制動(dòng)合力圖圖3.5合力曲線圖以上各工況合力曲線繪制，是通過(guò)所給數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)擬合出的關(guān)于速度的高階函數(shù)，這種方法簡(jiǎn)單易行，且計(jì)算準(zhǔn)確，避免了認(rèn)為繪圖帶來(lái)的較大誤差。各工況單獨(dú)繪制時(shí)，圖形比較直觀，當(dāng)幾種工況繪制在一張坐標(biāo)紙上時(shí)由于比例縮小，顯得略有畸變，但不會(huì)影響計(jì)算精度。3.4線路縱斷面化簡(jiǎn)（運(yùn)行時(shí)間、制動(dòng)距離等）為使區(qū)間內(nèi)坡道數(shù)目減少，試湊工作量降低，需在滿足一定化簡(jiǎn)要求下對(duì)線路進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn)。之后再利用合力曲線和線路化簡(jiǎn)縱斷面進(jìn)行運(yùn)行時(shí)間的解算。制動(dòng)距離：已知制動(dòng)初速=80km/h，=0km/h。換算摩擦系數(shù)按平均速度50km/h計(jì)算=0.443電力機(jī)車(chē)單位基本阻力按SS4型機(jī)車(chē)計(jì)算=1.02+0.0035*50+0.000320*=1.995（N/kN）客車(chē)車(chē)輛單位基本阻力公式計(jì)算=0.92+0.0048v+0.000125=2.81（N/kN）則==2.73（N/kN）（1）加算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)有效制動(dòng)距離=79.68m空走距離=3.5（S）=60.326m制動(dòng)距離=79.68+60.326=140.006m（2）加算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)有效制動(dòng)距離=131.35m空走距離=1.9（S）=42.256m制動(dòng)距離=131.35+42.256=173.606m（3）加算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)有效制動(dòng)距離=157.91m空走距離=2.86（S）=70.76m制動(dòng)距離=157.91+70.76=228.67m（4）加算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)有效制動(dòng)距離=214.760m空走距離=4.06（S）=112.868m制動(dòng)距離=214.760+112.868=327.628m（5）加算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)有效制動(dòng)距離=220.44m空走距離=4.46（S）=123.988m制動(dòng)距離=220.44+123.998=344.438m（6）加算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)緊急制動(dòng)時(shí)有效制動(dòng)距離=207.287m空走距離=3.5（S）=97.3m制動(dòng)距離=207.287=344.438m加算坡度千分?jǐn)?shù)‰028.5-7-120緊急制動(dòng)距離（m）140174713281243053.5計(jì)算及繪制列車(chē)運(yùn)行速度和運(yùn)行時(shí)間線第一坡段ij=0,L=1600m牽引工況V:010km/hv=5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=7.93N/KNS010km/h=4.17(10-0)/7.93=53mt==0.63minV:1020km/hv=15km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=6.96N/KNS1020km/h=4.17(20-10)/6.96=180m=233mt==0.72min=1.35minV:2030km/hv=25km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=6.33N/KNS2030km/h=4.17(30-20)/6.33=329m=562mt==0.79min=2.14minV:3036km/hv=33km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=6.08N/KNS3630km/h=4.17(36-30)/6.08=272m=834mt==0.49min=2.63minV:3640km/hv=38km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=6.05N/KNS3640km/h=4.17(40-36)/6.05=210m=1044mt==0.33min=2.96min此時(shí)速度已經(jīng)達(dá)到40km/h，但是還沒(méi)走完這個(gè)區(qū)段，然后惰行V:4038km/hv=39km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.36N/KNS4038km/h=4.17(40-38)/1.36=478m=1522mt==0.74min=3.7min此時(shí)快要出坡須試湊牽引工況V:3839km/hv=38.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=6.06N/KNS4850km/h=4.17(50-48)/6.06=70m=1592mt==0.08mint=3.78min相差8米，在誤差范圍內(nèi)，可以接受，進(jìn)入下一坡段第二坡段ij=5.1,L=570m,惰行工況V:3925km/hv=32km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.26-5.1=-6.36N/KNS3925km/h=4.17(39-25)/6.36=587m=2179mt==1.10min=4.88min偏差9米，在可接受范圍之內(nèi)第三坡段ij=4,L=850m牽引工況V:2532km/hv=28.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=7.43-4=3.43N/KNS2532km/h=4.17(32-25)/3.43=485m=2664mt==1.02min=5.9minV:3235km/hv=33.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=6.06-4=2.06N/KNS3235km/h=4.17(35-32)/2.06=407m=3071mt==0.73min=6.63min偏差在可接受的范圍內(nèi)，拼湊成功第四坡段ij=5.1,L=680m,牽引工況V:3537km/hv=36km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=6.05-5.1=0.95N/KNS3537km/h=4.17(37-35)/0.95=632m=3703mt==1.05min=7.68min第五坡段ij=-4.8,L=440m牽引工況V:3743km/hv=40km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=5.83+4.8=10.63N/KNS3743km/h=4.17(43-37)/10.63=188m==3891mt==0.28min=7.96minV:4349km/hv=46km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=5.69+4.8=10.49N/KNS4349km/h=4.17(49-43)/10.49=219m==4110mt==0.29min=8.25min偏差在可接受的范圍內(nèi)，拼湊成功。第六坡段ij=5,L=890m牽引工況V:4950km/hv=49.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=5.59-5=0.59N/KNS4950km/h=4.17(50-49)/0.59=700m=4810mt==0.85min=9.10min轉(zhuǎn)為惰性工況V:5047km/hv=48.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.52-5=-6.52N/KNS5047km/h=4.17(50-47)/6.52=186m=4996mt==0.23min=9.33min誤差34m可以接受試湊成功進(jìn)入下一坡段第七坡段ij=1.6,L=530m牽引工況V:4751km/hv=49km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=5.57-1.6=3.97N/KNS7270km/h=4.17(51-47)/3.97=520m=5516mt==0.50min=9.83min誤差較小，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第八坡段ij=0,L=1340m牽引工況V:5161km/hv=56km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=4.30N/KNS5161km/h=4.17(61-51)/4.30=1086m=6602mt==1.16min=10.99minV:6163km/hv=62km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=3.71N/KNS6163km/h=4.17(63-61)/3.71=279m=6880mt==0.27min=11.26min誤差20m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第九坡段ij=-3.6,L=790m惰行工況V:6365km/hv=64km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.83+3.6=1.77N/KNS6365km/h=4.17(65-63)/1.77=603m=7483mt==0.56min=11.82min由惰行轉(zhuǎn)為牽引工況V:6567km/hv=66km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=3.33+3.6=6.93N/KNS6567km/h=4.17(67-65)/6.93=159m=7642mt==0.14min=11.96min誤差48m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第十坡段ij=-2.4,L=1250m惰行工況V:6768km/hv=67.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.92+2.4=0.48N/KNS6768km/h=4.17(68-67)/0.48=1173m=8815mt==1.04min=13.00min由惰行轉(zhuǎn)為牽引工況V:6870km/hv=69km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=3.04+2.4=5.44N/KNS6870km/h=4.17(70-68)/5.44=211m=9026mt==0.18min=13.18min誤差86m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第十一坡段ij=0,L=610m牽引工況V:7073km/hv=71.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=2.75N/KNS7370km/h=4.17(73-70)/2.75=650m=9676mt==0.55min=13.73min第十二坡段ij=-2.5,L=840m牽引工況V:7379km/hv=76km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=2.09+2.5=4.59N/KNS7379km/h=4.17(79-73)/4.59=829m=10505mt==0.65min=14.38min第十三坡段ij=-3.8,L=970m制動(dòng)工況V:7969km/hv=74km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-28.28+3.8=-24.48N/KNS7969km/h=4.17(79-69)/24.48=252m=10757mt==0.20min=14.58min轉(zhuǎn)換為惰行工況V:6971km/hv=70km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.97+3.8=1.83N/KNS6971km/h=4.17(69-71)/1.83=638m=11395mt==0.55min=15.13min誤差35m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第十四坡段ij=-0.7,L=980m惰行工況V:7169km/hv=70km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.96+0.7=-1.26N/KNS7169km/h=4.17(71-69)/1.26=927m=12322mt==0.79min=15.92min誤差18m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第十五坡段ij=0.6,L=610m牽引工況V:6971km/hv=70km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=2.86-0.6=2.26N/KNS6971km/h=4.17(71-69)/2.26=517m=12839mt==0.44min=16.36min制動(dòng)工況V:7166km/hv=68.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-29.26-0.6=-29.86N/KNS7166km/h=4.17(71-66)/29.86=96m=12935mt==0.08min=16.44min誤差15m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第十六坡段ij=-2.9,L=1000m惰行工況V:6668km/hv=67km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.86+2.9=1.04N/KNS6668km/h=4.17(68-66)/1.04=1074m=14009mt==0.96min=17.40min誤差59m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第十七坡段ij=0,L=840m牽引工況V:6872km/hv=70km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=2.86N/KNS6872km/h=4.17(72-68)/2.86=817m=14826mt==0.70min=18.10min誤差36m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第十八坡段ij=-0.6,L=910m惰行工況V:7270km/hv=71km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.96+0.6=-1.36N/KNS7270km/h=4.17(72-70)/1.36=871m=15697mt==0.74min=18.84min誤差3m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第十九坡段ij=-0.3,L=1300m惰行工況V:7066km/hv=68km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.97+0.3=-1.67N/KNS7066km/h=4.17(70-66)/1.67=1359m=17056mt==1.20min=20.04min誤差56m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第二十坡段ij=-1.1,L=1000m牽引工況V:6673km/hv=69.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=2.91+1.1=4.01N/KNS6673km/h=4.17(73-66)/4.01=1012m=18068mt==0.87min=20.91min誤差68m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第二十一坡段ij=1.1,L=1700m惰行工況V:7367km/hv=70km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.99-1.1=-3.09N/KNS7367km/h=4.17(73-67)/3.09=1134m=19202mt==0.97min=21.88min轉(zhuǎn)為牽引工況V:6769km/hv=68km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=3.09-1.1=1.99N/KNS6769km/h=4.17(69-67)/1.99=570m=19772mt==0.50min=22.38min誤差72m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第二十二坡段ij=-3,L=1800m惰行工況V:6972km/hv=70.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.98+3=1.02N/KNS6972km/h=4.17(72-69)/1.02=1729m=21501mt==1.47min=23.85min誤差1m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第二十三坡段ij=-0.1,L=1200m惰行工況V:7268km/hv=70km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.99+0.1=-1.89N/KNS7268km/h=4.17(72-68)/1.89=1236m=22737mt==1.06min=24.91min誤差37m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第二十四坡段ij=0.3,L=950m牽引工況V:6872km/hv=70km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=2.86-0.3=2.56N/KNS6872km/h=4.17(72-68)/2.56=912m=23649mt==0.78min=25.69min誤差1m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第二十五坡段ij=0.1,L=2050m惰行工況V:7266km/hv=69km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.94-0.1=-2.04N/KNS7266km/h=4.17(72-66)/2.04=1693m=25342mt==1.47min=27.16min轉(zhuǎn)入牽引工況V:6668km/hv=67km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=3.16-0.1=3.06N/KNS6668km/h=4.17(68-66)/3.06=365m=25707mt==0.33min=27.49min誤差7m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第二十六坡段ij=-0.5,L=1000m第二十七坡段ij=-0.5,L=1200m第二十八坡段ij=-0.7,L=1000m分析該縱斷面，26號(hào)、27號(hào)、28號(hào)坡道坡度性質(zhì)相同，可以考慮將其進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn)根據(jù)化簡(jiǎn)公式，易得*3200=0.5*1000+0.5*1200+0.7*1000=0.56由檢查公式進(jìn)行驗(yàn)算第二十六坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算第二十七坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算第二十八坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算所以這三段坡段可用一個(gè)ij=-0.56,L=3200m的等效坡段代替牽引工況V:6878km/hv=73km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=2.51+0.56=3.07N/KNS6878km/h=4.17(78-68)/3.07=1983m=27690mt==1.63min=29.12min轉(zhuǎn)為惰行工況V:7875km/hv=76.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-2.13+0.56=-1.57N/KNS7875km/h=4.17(78-75)/1.57=1219m=28909mt==0.96min=30.08min誤差9m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第二十九坡段ij=-1,L=2100m第三十坡段ij=-1.2,L=1250m第三十一坡段ij=-0.5,L=1680m第三十二坡段ij=-2.2,L=770m第三十三坡段ij=-1.8,L=1200m第三十四坡段ij=-0.8,L=1100m分析該縱斷面，29號(hào)、30號(hào)、31號(hào)、32號(hào)、33號(hào)、34號(hào)坡道坡度性質(zhì)相同，可以考慮將其進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn)根據(jù)化簡(jiǎn)公式代入數(shù)據(jù)，可得=-1.13，由檢查公式進(jìn)行驗(yàn)算第二十九坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算第三十坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算第三十一坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算第三十二坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算第三十三坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算第三十四坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算所以這六段坡段可用一個(gè)ij=-1.13,L=8100m的等效坡段代替惰行工況V:7565km/hv=70km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.97+1.13=-0.84N/KNS7565km/h=4.17(75-65)/0.84=6950m=35859mt==5.95min=36.03min轉(zhuǎn)為牽引工況V:6573km/hv=69km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=2.98+1.13=4.11N/KNS6573km/h=4.17(73-65)/4.11=1120m=36979mt==0.97min=37.00min誤差21m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第三十五坡段ij=0,L=990m惰行工況V:7371km/hv=72km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-2.01N/KNS7371km/h=4.17(73-71)/2.01=597m=37576mt==0.50min=37.50min牽引工況V:7173km/hv=72km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=2.69N/KNS7173km/h=4.17(73-71)/2.69=446m=38022mt==0.37min=37.87min誤差32m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第三十六坡段ij=-1,L=660m惰行工況V:7372km/hv=72.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-2.01+1=-1.01N/KNS7372km/h=4.17(73-72)/1.01=599m=38621mt==0.50min=37.37min誤差29m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第三十七坡段ij=0.7,L=1450m惰行工況V:7265km/hv=68.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.95-0.7=-2.65N/KNS7265km/h=4.17(72-65)/2.65=1509m=40130mt==1.32min=38.69min誤差30m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第三十八坡段ij=-1.5,L=450m制動(dòng)工況V:6561km/hv=63km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-30.26+1.5=-28.76N/KNS6561km/h=4.17(65-61)/28.76=73m=40203mt==0.07min=38.76min轉(zhuǎn)為牽引工況V:6165km/hv=63km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=3.66+1.5=5.16N/KNS6165km/h=4.17(65-61)/5.16=407m=40610mt==0.39min=39.15min誤差60m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第三十九坡段ij=-0.2,L=1000m惰行工況V:6562km/hv=63.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.82+0.2=-1.62N/KNS6562km/h=4.17(65-62)/1.62=981m=41591mt==0.93min=40.08min誤差41m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第四十坡段ij=0,L=1650m惰行工況V:6257km/hv=59.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.73N/KNS6257km/h=4.17(62-57)/1.73=1434m=43025mt==1.45min=41.53min轉(zhuǎn)為制動(dòng)工況V:5747km/hv=52km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-32.34N/KNS5747km/h=4.17(57-47)/32.34=134m=43159mt==0.15min=41.68min誤差41m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第四十一坡段ij=1.5,L=1300m第四十二坡段ij=0.7,L=1350m分析該縱斷面，41號(hào)、42號(hào)坡道坡度性質(zhì)相同，可以考慮將其進(jìn)行化簡(jiǎn)根據(jù)化簡(jiǎn)公式代入數(shù)據(jù)，可得=1.09，由檢查公式進(jìn)行驗(yàn)算第四十一坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算第四十二坡段，通過(guò)驗(yàn)算所以這兩段坡段可用一個(gè)ij=1.09,L=2650m的等效坡段代替惰行工況V:4737km/hv=42km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.4-1.09=2.49N/KNS4737km/h=4.17(47-347)/2.49=1407m=44566mt==2.01min=43.69min惰行工況V:3727km/hv=32km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.26-1.09=2.35N/KNS3727km/h=4.17(37-27)/2.49=1136m=45702mt==2.13min=45.82min惰行工況V:2725km/hv=32km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.18-1.09=2.27N/KNS2725km/h=4.17(27-25)/2.49=191m=45893mt==0.44min=46.26min誤差43m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第四十三坡段ij=0,L=1150m惰行工況V:2518km/hv=21.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.13N/KNS2518km/h=4.17(25-18)/1.13=1111m=47004mt==3.10min=49.36min誤差4m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第四十四坡段ij=0.5,L=1750m惰行工況V:188km/hv=13km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.05-0.5=-1.55N/KNS188km/h=4.17(18-8)/1.55=699m=47703mt==3.23min=52.59min牽引工況V:818km/hv=13km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=7.08-0.5=6.58N/KNS818km/h=4.17(18-8)/6.58=165m=47868mt==0.76min=53.35min牽引工況V:1822km/hv=20km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=6.51-0.5=6.01N/KNS1822km/h=4.17(18-22)/6.01=111m=47979mt==0.33min=53.68min惰行工況V:2214km/hv=18km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.09-0.5=-1.59N/KNS2214km/h=4.17(22-14)/1.59=755m=48734mt==2.52min=56.20min誤差16m，試湊成功，進(jìn)入下一坡段第四十五坡段ij=0,L=1950m惰行工況V:146km/hv=10km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.02N/KNS146km/h=4.17(14-6)/1.02=654m=49388mt==3.92min=60.12min轉(zhuǎn)為牽引工況V:614km/hv=10km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=7.16N/KNS614km/h=4.17(14-6)/7.16=93m=49481mt==0.56min=60.68min轉(zhuǎn)為牽引工況V:1420km/hv=17km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=6.79N/KNS1420km/h=4.17(20-14)/6.79=125m=49606mt==0.44min=61.12min惰行工況V:2023km/hv=19km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.10N/KNS2023km/h=4.17(20-18)/1.1=288m=49894mt==0.91min=62.03min制動(dòng)工況V:188km/hv=13km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-42.64N/KNS188km/h=4.17(18-8)/42.64=25m=49919mt==0.91min=62.94min惰行工況V:87km/hv=7.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-1.01N/KNS87km/h=4.17(8-7)/1.01=62m=49981mt==0.50min=63.44min制動(dòng)工況V:70km/hv=3.5km/h對(duì)應(yīng)r=-53.14N/KNS70km/h=4.17(7-0)/53.14=4m=49985mt==0.07min=63.51min誤差15m，試湊成功，以上運(yùn)算可以模擬列車(chē)到站時(shí)速度為0.牽引合力（N/KN）機(jī)車(chē)總牽引力（N）每段的平均速度（km/h）牽引總功率(kW)行車(chē)?yán)锍蹋╩）運(yùn)行時(shí)間（min）000007.93387721.80725538.5025126.50.636.96340295.5584151417.898161431.356.33309492.9432252149.25655397.52.146.08297269.6832332724.9720966982.636.05295802.892383122.363869392.960039012833.76.06296291.822438.53168.67643415573.78003201885.54.887.43363275.287228.52875.9293572421.55.906.06296291.822433.52757.1600142867.56.636.05295802.892362958.0289233877.685.83285046.4232403167.1824837977.965.69278201.3976463554.7956364000.58.255.59273312.093649.53758.04128744609.100048.5049039.335.57272334.2328493706.77150252569.834.3210240.072563270.40112605910.993.71181393.1784623123.9936286741.511.26006407181.511.823.33162813.8232662984.9202327562.511.960067.508228.513.003.04148634.8416692848.8344648920.513.182.75134455.8671.52670.442775935113.732.09102186.4536762157.26957610090.514.38007401063114.58007001107615.130070011858.515.922.86139834.0944702718.9962812580.516.360068.501288716.44006701347217.402.86139834.0944702718.9962814417.518.100071015261.518.840068016376.520.042.91142278.746469.52746.7702431756220.91007001863521.883.09151079.4936682853.7237681948722.380070.5020636.523.85007002211924.912.86139834.0944702718.996282319325.690069024495.527.163.16154502.0064672875.45400825524.527.492.51122721.5304732488.51992226698.529.120076.5028299.530.08007003238436.032.98145701.2592692792.6074683641937.000072037277.537.502.69131522.2776722630.4455523779937.870072.5038321.537.370068.5039375.538.690063040166.538.763.66178948.5264633131.59921240406.539.150063.5041100.540.080059.504230841.53005204309241.680042043862.543.69003204513445.820026045797.546.260021.5046448.549.360013047353.552.597.08346162.7232131250.03205647785.553.356.51318293.6904201768.2982847923.553.680018048356.556.20001004906160.127.16350074.166410972.4282449434.560.686.79331983.7416171567.70100249543.561.12001904975062.030013049906.562.94007.504995063.44003.504998363.51運(yùn)行時(shí)間和速度曲線4、算表的Matlab程序4.1合力曲線程序lcclearP=863G=8633V0=100h=0.451V=[0,10,20,30,40,50,60,75,84,90,100]V1=[0,10,20,30,40,50,60,75,84,90,100]F=[230.0,221.7,213.6,205.3,197.1,188.9,180.7,168.3,160.9,156.0,127.0]F1=0.9*FW01=1.02+0.0035*V+0.000426*V.^2W02=1.82+0.01*V+0.000145*V.^2W0=(P*W01+G*W02)/1000R=F1-W0r1=1000*R/(P+G)r2=1000*W0/(P+G)k=0.356.*(3.6.*V1+100)./(14.*V1+100)+0.0007.*(110-V0)b=1000*h*kr3=r2+0.5*bBd=[0,136,136,136,136,136,136,136,122,108.2,98]bd=0.9*1000*Bd/(P+G)w0=[0.0017,0.0019,0.0020,0.0022,0.0024,0.0026,0.0029,0.0032,0.0036,0.0040,0.0044]r4=w0+bdV4=[0,10,20,30,40,50,60,75,84,90,100]plot(V,r1,V,-r2,V,-r3,V4,-r4)gridon運(yùn)行結(jié)果：P=863，G=8633，V0=80，h=0.4510V=01020304050607580V1=01020304050607580F=230.0000221.7000213.6000205.3000197.1000188.9000180.7000168.3000160.9000156.0000127.0000F1=207.0000199.5300192.2400184.7700177.3900170.0100162.6300

151.4700144.8100140.4000114.3000W01=1.02001.09761.26041.50841.84162.26002.76363.67884.31994.78565.6300W02=1.82001.93452.07802.25052.45202.68252.94203.38563.68313.89454.2700W0=16.592317.647819.027120.730322.757425.108427.783332.402935.524437.751241.7216R=190.4077181.8822173.2129164.0397154.6326144.9016134.8467119.0671109.2856102.648872.5784r1=20.051419.153618.240617.274616.284015.259214.200412.538711.508610.80977.6430r2=1.74731.85842.00372.18312.39652.64412.92583.41233.74103.97554.3936k=0.36300.20870.16810.14940.13860.13160.12670.12150.11930.11800.1162b=163.713094.138775.829767.379462.514159.351657.131154.814153.790053.212752.3942r3=83.603848.927839.918635.872833.653632.319931.491430.819330.636030.581830.5907Bd=0136.0000136.0000136.0000136.0000136.0000136.0000136.0000122.0000108.200098.0000bd=012.889612.889612.889612.889612.889612.889612.889611.562810.25489.2881w0=0.00170.00190.00200.00220.00240.00260.00290.00320.00360.00400.0044r4=0.001712.891512.891612.891812.892012.892212.892512.892811.566410.25889.2925V4=01020304050607580901004.2牽引運(yùn)行合力曲線程序：（matlab）clcclearr1=[20.5,19.15,18.24,17.27,16.28,15.26,14.20,12.71,11.66,10.81,7.64]V=[0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90,100]plot(V,r1)gridon運(yùn)行結(jié)果:r1=20.5000191.500018.240017.270016.280015.2