無(wú)損檢測(cè)工藝規(guī)程對(duì)接焊縫射線

NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:1oof17Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDSRADIOGRAAPHICEXAMIINATIOONPROOCEDURREFORRBUTTTWELDDS對(duì)接焊縫射線檢測(cè)測(cè)工藝規(guī)程COONTROLLLED在控本□UNNCONTRROLLEDD非在控控本□COOPYNOO副本編號(hào)號(hào)：PREPAREDDBY編編制：DATE日期：REVVIEWEDDBY審核：DATE日期：APPPROVEDDBY批批準(zhǔn)：DATEE日期：NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:2oof17Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDSGeneral1.1Thiisproocedurreisappliiedtoothex-rayyradiiograpphiceexaminnationnofbbuttwweldsforppressuureveesselssconsstructtedinnaccoordanccewitthASMMECoddeSecctionⅧDiv11.1.2Thiisproocedurreshaallbeesuppplemennted,whennecesssary,,withhtheexamiinatiooninsstructtionsdefinningmmoresspecifficvaariablles,wwhichwillbeprrepareedbyNDELLevelⅢpersoonnel..2.QuallificaationofExxaminaationPersoonnel2.1AnyyperssonenngageddinttheraadiogrraphiccexamminatiionshhallbbequaalifieedanddcerttifieddasaaradiiograpphiceexaminnerinnaccoordanccewitthNJBBSTCoo.,Lttd.’s“WritttenPrracticceforrNDEPersoonnelTrainning,Examiinatioon,QuualifiicatioonanddCerttificaation”(NO.:QCD-0011).2.2TheeNDELevellⅠshalllreceeivettheneecessaaryinnstrucctionorsuuperviisionfromacerrtifieedNDEELeveelⅡorLLevelⅢⅢExamminer..TheNDELLevelⅡⅡshalllrecceivetheiinstruuctionnorssupervvisionnfrommaNDDELevvelⅢExamminer..2.3Accoordinggtotthereespecttiverresponnsibillityrrange,,allexamiinersshalllcomppletetheeexaminnationnconfforminngtotherrefereencinggASMEECodeeSecttions,,stanndardssandwrittteninnstrucctionss.Theeyshaallasssurethewworkinngquaality..3.Equiipmentt,TooolsaandMaateriaalsTheLevvelⅡExamiinersshallseleccttheeequiipmentt,tooolsanndmatteriallstoassurrethaattheeyareeinccompliiancewiththeffollowwingccondittionsandtthereequireementofthheexaaminattioniinstruuctionn.3.1Oneeoftthex--rayeequipmmentsshallbeseelecteedfroomTabble1..Tabble11.概述1.1本工藝藝規(guī)程適用于于按ASME規(guī)范第Ⅷ卷第Ⅰ冊(cè)要求制造造的壓力容器器的對(duì)接焊縫縫的x射線照相檢檢測(cè)。1.2必要時(shí)時(shí)，本工藝規(guī)規(guī)程應(yīng)由探傷傷作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書(shū)書(shū)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充以以規(guī)定更詳細(xì)細(xì)的變量，此此指導(dǎo)書(shū)由NDEⅢ級(jí)人員編制制。2.檢測(cè)人員員資格2.1從事射線線探傷的檢測(cè)測(cè)人員必須按按南京寶色鈦鈦業(yè)有限公司司的<<NDE人員培訓(xùn)、考考試、資格鑒鑒定和認(rèn)證實(shí)實(shí)施細(xì)則>>(文件號(hào)：QCD-0011)進(jìn)行資格考考核評(píng)定。2.2NDEEⅠ級(jí)須接受合合格的Ⅱ級(jí)或Ⅲ級(jí)必要的指指導(dǎo)或監(jiān)督。NDEⅡ級(jí)須接受NDEⅢ級(jí)的指導(dǎo)或或監(jiān)督。2.3根據(jù)各各自的職責(zé)范范圍，所有檢檢測(cè)人員應(yīng)按按ASME規(guī)范有關(guān)卷卷，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和作作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書(shū)進(jìn)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)并保保證工作質(zhì)量量。3.設(shè)備、器材Ⅱ級(jí)人員所選用的設(shè)設(shè)備、器材應(yīng)應(yīng)能保證符合合下列條件和和探傷作業(yè)指指導(dǎo)書(shū)的要求求。3.1X射線線設(shè)備應(yīng)從表表1中選用。TypeMfr.Max.TubbeVoltabe((KVp)Max.TubbeCurrent((mA)Foc.Sizze(mm)Permitteedmaxx.matteriallthicck(mm))SteelTiZrxx-2505Beijing25052x2386322xx-3005Dandong30051.0x2.33467028表表1類(lèi)型制造廠家最大管電壓KVp最大管電流mA焦點(diǎn)尺寸(mm)允許的材料最大穿穿透厚度mmmSteelTiZrxx-2505北京25052x2386322xx-3005丹東30051.0x2..34670283.2FilmmFilmseelectiionshhallbbeinaccorrdanceewithhSE-11815,StanddardTTestMMethoddforFilmSysteemsfoor3.2膠片膠片須根據(jù)SE--1815工業(yè)射線照照相的膠片系系統(tǒng)分類(lèi)的標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)試方法法來(lái)選擇。膠膠片分類(lèi)表應(yīng)應(yīng)由膠片制造造廠提供。膠膠片NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:3oof17Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDSIndustriialRaadiogrraphy..Theclasssificaationtableeofffilmsshallbeprrovideedbytheffilmmmanufaactureer.FiilmsyystemclasssesSppeciall,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,W-A,,andW-Barreperrmitteed.Deependiingonnthex-rayypeneetratiionthhickneess,aasuittablefilmshalllbesselectted.WWhenuusingtwoffilmsmethood,twwodiffferennttyppesofffilmmshalllbeseleccted.3.3ScrreenAsuitaablelleadsscreennshalllbeselecctedffromTTable2.Table2系統(tǒng)分為特殊、ⅠⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,W-A,,和W-B。應(yīng)根據(jù)X射線穿透厚厚度，選擇合合適的膠片。采采用雙片法時(shí)時(shí)，應(yīng)選用兩兩種不同類(lèi)型型的膠片。3.3增感屏屏從表2中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)你U增增感屏。表2TubeVolttageThicknesssofleadScreeen(mm))管電壓鉛增感屏厚度(mmm)FrontBack前屏后屏<150kv150kv~3000kv0.01~0.0030.025~0..10>0.05>0.05~0..10<150kv150~300kkv0.01~0.0030.025~0..10>0.05>0.05~0..13.4DennsitommeterandSStepWWedgeFilmThediggitaldensiitometterliistedinTaable33shalllbeusedforjjudginngraddiograaphdeensityy.Theedenssitomeetersshallbechheckeddagaiinstaacaliibrateedsteepweddgefiilmattleasstoncceeveery900daysbythheNDEELeveelⅡorⅢExamiiner.Thesstepwwedgefilmshalllbeccalibrratedonceeveryy12moonthsbythheNattionallBureeauoffStanndardss.Table33.4黑度計(jì)計(jì)和階梯黑度度片用表3列出的數(shù)碼黑度計(jì)計(jì)測(cè)定射線底底片密度。黑黑度計(jì)至少每每90天由NDEⅡ級(jí)或Ⅲ級(jí)用校驗(yàn)過(guò)過(guò)的階梯黑度度片校驗(yàn)一次次。黑度片須須至少每12個(gè)月由國(guó)家家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局校驗(yàn)驗(yàn)一次。表3TypeManufactturerMea.,RaangeMea.,Prrecisiion型號(hào)制造廠測(cè)量范圍測(cè)量精度TD-210ZHEJIANGGZHENGHAII±0.03DTD-210浙江甌?！?.03D3.5ImaageQuualityyIndiicatioon(IQII)TypeanndmatteriallofIIQIs.1ThewwirettypeIIQIprresenttedassFig..1anndTabb.4beeuseed.ThhewirretyppeIQIIshalllbemanuffacturredanndideentifiiedinnaccoordanccewitththeerequuiremeentsiinSE--747..2Thewwiresshalllbeffabriccatedfrommaterrialoorallloywiithsaameorrlesssradiiationnabsoorptioonthaantheemateerialbeinggradiiograpphed.3.5象質(zhì)計(jì)((IQI)象質(zhì)計(jì)類(lèi)型和材料料.1應(yīng)使用線型象質(zhì)計(jì)計(jì)(圖1和表4)。線型象質(zhì)質(zhì)計(jì)的制造和和標(biāo)識(shí)應(yīng)符合合SE-7447的要求。.2金屬絲的材材質(zhì)應(yīng)與被透透檢材料相同同，或其射線線吸收小于被被檢材料。NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:4oof17Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDSFig1圖圖1NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:5oof17Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDSTable4WireIQIDDesignnationn,WirreDiaameterrsanddWireeIdenntityin.((mm)Table44IQISetsandwwireDDiametter表4線型IQI標(biāo)識(shí)和線徑徑表4象質(zhì)計(jì)組別和線徑徑WireDiammeterssin.(mm)線徑英寸(毫米))SetAWireNo..SetBWireNo..A組線號(hào)AB組線號(hào)B0.0032(00.08)10.010(0..25)60.0032(00.08)10.010(0..25)60.004(0..1)20.013(0..33)70.004(0..1)20.013(0..33)70.005(0..13)30.016(0..4)80.005(0..13)30.016(0..4)80.0063(00.16)40.020(0..51)90.0063(00.16)40.020(0..51)90.008(0..2)50.025(0..64)100.008(0..2)50.025(0..64)100.010(0..25)60.032(0..81)110.010(0..25)60.032(0..81)11SetCWireNo..SetDWireNo..C組線號(hào)CD組線號(hào)D0.032(0..81)110.100(2..5)160.032(0..81)110.100(2..5)160.040(1..02)120.126(3..2)170.040(1..02)120.126(3..2)170.050(1..27)130.160(4..06)180.050(1..27)130.160(4..06)180.063(1..6)140.200(5..1)190.063(1..6)140.200(5..1)190.080(2..03)150.250(6..4)200.080(2..03)150.250(6..4)200.100(2..5)160.320(8))210.100(2..5)160.320(8))21IQISellectioon.1TheddesignnatedessenntialminimmumwiirediiameteershaallbeeassspeciffiediinTabble5Tablle5IIQISEELECTIION表5象質(zhì)計(jì)選用用IQI選用.1應(yīng)顯示的最最小線徑必須須按表5規(guī)定。Nominalsinglle-walllMatteriallThickknessRangee,in((mm)單壁標(biāo)稱(chēng)材料厚度度范圍in(mm)SourceSSideIIQI射源側(cè)IQIFilmSiddeIQII膠片側(cè)IQIEssentiaalWirreDiameterr應(yīng)顯示的線徑in(mm)WireNo..線號(hào)EssentiaalWirreDiameterr應(yīng)顯示的線徑in(mmWireNo..線號(hào)Upto0..25,iincl.≤0.25(≤6.4)0.008(0..2)50.006(0..16)4>0.25~~0.3755(>6.4~~9.5)0.010(0..25)60.008(0..2)5>0.375~~0.5(>9.5~~12.7))0.013(0..33)70.010(0..25)6>0..5~~0.75((>12.77~19.11)0.016(0..4)80.013(0..33)7>0.75~~1.00((>19.11~25.44)0.020(0..51)90.016(0..4)8Over1.000thr.11.50>>1.00~~1.50((>25.44~38.11)0.025(0..64)100.020(0..51)9>1.50~~2.00((>38.11~50.88)0.032(0..81)110.025(0..64)10.2Forwweldswithreinfforcemments,,thethickknessonwhhichttheIQQIisbaseddistthenoominallsingglewaallthhickneesspllusthheesttimateedwelldreiinforccementtnottoexxceedthemmaximuumperrmitteedbytheSSectioonⅧDivission11.Forrwelddswitthoutreinfforcemments,,thethickknessonwhhichttheIQQIisbaseddistthenoominallsingglewaallthhickneess.IInbotthcassesbaackinggringgsorstrippsshaallnootbeconsiidereddasppartooftheewelddthiccknesssinIIQIseelectiion.3.5.3PllacemeentoffIQIss.1TheIIQI(s))shalllbeplaceedonthessourceesideeoftthepaartbeeingeexaminned.WWhencconfigguratiionorrsizeeprevventsplaciingthheIQII(s)oontheeparttorwweld,theIIQI(s))maybepllacedonaseparratebblockincoompliaancewwithppara.T-2777.1offSecttionVV.Theesepaarateblockkshalllbeplaceedascloseeas.2對(duì)有余高焊焊縫，象質(zhì)計(jì)計(jì)放處的厚度度是標(biāo)稱(chēng)單壁壁厚度加上不不超過(guò)第Ⅷ卷第一分冊(cè)冊(cè)中允許的焊焊縫最大余高估估計(jì)值。沒(méi)有有余高的焊縫縫，象質(zhì)計(jì)放放處的厚度是是標(biāo)稱(chēng)單壁厚厚度。在以上上兩種情況下下，襯環(huán)或襯襯帶均不作為為焊縫厚度的的一部分來(lái)考考慮。象質(zhì)計(jì)的放置.1象質(zhì)計(jì)必須須放在被檢工工件的射線源源側(cè)。當(dāng)透照照布置或結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)尺寸妨礙象象質(zhì)計(jì)放在工工件或焊縫上上時(shí)，象質(zhì)計(jì)計(jì)可放在一個(gè)個(gè)單獨(dú)的試塊塊(符合ASME第Ⅴ卷T-2777.1要求)上。此試塊塊的放置應(yīng)NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:6oof17Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDSpossibleetotthepaartbeeingrradioggrapheed..2WhereeinacccessiibilittypreeventsshanddplaccingttheIQQI(s)onthhesouurcesside,theIIQI(s))shalllbeplaceedontheffilmssideiinconntactwiththeppartbbeingexamiined.Aleaadlettter“F”shalllbeplaceedadjjacentttooorontheIIQI(s))..3TheIIQI(s))shalllbeplaceedonthewweldssothaattheelenggthoffthewiressispperpenndicullartoothelengtthofthewweld.Theiidentiificattionnnumberr(s)aand,whenused,,theleadletteer“F”shalllnottbeiintheeareaaofiintereest,eexeptwhengeomeetricconfiigurattionmmakesitimmpracttical..NumberofIQQIs.1Whenoneoormorrefillmholldersareuusedfforannexpoosure,,atlleastoneIIQIimmagesshallappeaaroneachradioographh..2Ifthhedennsityofthheraddiograaphannywherrethrroughtheaareaoofintteresttvariiesbyymoreethannminuus15%%orpplus330%frromthhedennsityadjaccentttotheedesiignateedwirreofawirreIQII,witthintthemiinimumm/maxiimumaallowaableddensittyranngessspeciffied,thenanaddditioonalIIQIshhallbbeuseedforreachhexceeptionnalarreaorrareaasanddtheradioographhretaaken..3Forccylinddricallcompponenttsorspherricalcompoonentsswherretheesourrceissplaccedattthecenteeroftheccomponnentfforasinglleexpposuree,atleasttthreeeIQIIs,sppacedapprooximattely1120degg.apaart,aarereequireed.IQISennsitivvityRadiogrraphyshalllbepperforrmedwwithaatechhniqueeofssufficcientsensiitivittytodispllaythheesssentiaalwirreofawirreIQII,whiichissesseentiallindiicatioonoftheiimagequaliityofftheradioographh.Theeradiiograpphsshhallaalsoddisplaaytheeidenntifyiingnuumberssandletteers.IIftheeesseentiallwireedonnotshhowonnanyfilminamultiipleffilmttechniique,butddoshoowincompoositefilmviewiing,iinterppretattionsshallbepeermitttedonnlybyycomppositeefilmmviewwing.3.6“B”MarkkAleadsymbool“B”,witthminnimumdimennsionssof113mmiinheiightaand1..6mmiinthiicknesss,shhallbbeatttacheddtotthebaackoffeachhfilmmholdderduuringeachexpossurettodetterminneifbacksscatteerraddiatioonisexpossingtthefiilm.3.7LoccationnMarkkersTheimaageoffthelocattionmmarkerrsforrthecoorddinatiionoffthepartwiththeffilmsshallappeaarontheffilmwwithouutintterferringwwithttheinnterprretatiion,wwithssuchaanarrrangemmenttthatiiseviidenceethattcomppletecoverragewwasobbtaineed.Loocatioonmarrkersshalllbepplaceddontthepaart,nnotonntheexpossurehholderr/casssette..Single--WallViewiingSourceSSideMMarkerrs.Loocatioonmarrkersshalllbepplaceddontthesoourcesidewhenradioographhingtthefoollowiing:flatcommponenntsorrlonggitudiinaljjointssinccylinddricallorccorniccalcoomponeentswwillbbeacccordinngtoFig..2.盡可能靠近被檢的的工件。.2用手無(wú)法將將象質(zhì)計(jì)放在在射源一側(cè)時(shí)，象象質(zhì)計(jì)可放在在與被檢工件件接觸的膠片片側(cè)。此時(shí)應(yīng)應(yīng)在象質(zhì)計(jì)上上面或附近放放一個(gè)鉛字“F”。.3象質(zhì)計(jì)放在在焊縫上，應(yīng)應(yīng)使線長(zhǎng)與焊焊縫長(zhǎng)度方向垂垂直。象質(zhì)計(jì)的數(shù)量.1一次曝光使使用一個(gè)或多多個(gè)膠片暗盒盒時(shí)，每張底底片上應(yīng)至少少有一個(gè)象質(zhì)質(zhì)計(jì)的影像。.2若有效評(píng)定定區(qū)內(nèi)任一處處的底片黑度度超過(guò)線型象象質(zhì)計(jì)應(yīng)顯最最細(xì)絲附近黑黑度的-15%或+30%，即使在規(guī)規(guī)定的最小最最大允許黑度度范圍內(nèi)，仍仍應(yīng)在每一超超標(biāo)區(qū)域增加加一個(gè)象質(zhì)計(jì)計(jì)，重新攝片片。.3對(duì)于圓筒狀狀部件及球狀狀部件，射線線源放在部件件中心位置時(shí)時(shí)，進(jìn)行一次次曝光，在工工件上至少放放三個(gè)象質(zhì)計(jì)計(jì)，且要求大大約每1200放一個(gè)。IQI靈敏度度射線照相方法應(yīng)有有足夠靈敏度度，要顯示出出線型象質(zhì)計(jì)計(jì)應(yīng)識(shí)別線徑徑。射線底片片也應(yīng)顯示出出識(shí)別數(shù)碼和和字母。若多多膠片法中的的任何一張底底片上均未顯顯示出應(yīng)顯線線徑，但可用用疊合觀察法顯顯示出來(lái)。3.6“B”標(biāo)記每個(gè)膠片暗盒后背背應(yīng)貼附一個(gè)個(gè)至少高133mm，厚1.6mm的鉛標(biāo)記“B”，以驗(yàn)證曝曝光過(guò)程中是是否有背散射射作用到膠片片上。3.7定位標(biāo)標(biāo)記用于確定工件布片片位置的定位位標(biāo)記，其影影象應(yīng)出現(xiàn)在在膠片上，且且不得妨礙評(píng)評(píng)片，以此證證明透檢范圍圍已完全覆蓋蓋。定位標(biāo)記記應(yīng)放在工件件上，而不能能放在暗袋或或暗盒上。單壁成像法(a)射線源源側(cè)標(biāo)記，透透照下列工件件時(shí)，定位標(biāo)標(biāo)記須放在射射源側(cè)：(1)平板焊焊縫，圓筒或或圓錐形工件件縱縫，見(jiàn)圖圖2。NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:7oof17Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDSSourrcesiidemaarker射源側(cè)標(biāo)記記D::Sourrcetoomateerialdistaancet::thiccknesssofwworkpiieceFig.2DtD:射源至工件件距離t:工件厚度圖2(2)curveedorspherricalcompoonentsswhosseconncavesideistoowardthessourceeandwhenthe“sourcce-to--materrial”disttanceisleessthhanthheinssiderradiussoftthecoomponeent;(3)currvedoorsphhericaalcommponenntswhhosecconvexxsideeisttowarddthesourcce.(b)FillmSiddeMarrkers..(1)Loccationnmarkkerssshallbepllacedonthhefillmsiddewheenraddiograaphinggeithhercuurvedorspphericcalcoomponeentswwhoseconcaavesiideisstowaardthhesouurceaandwhhenthhe“sourcce-to--materrial”disttanceisgrreaterrthanntheinsidderaddius.(2)Asanallternaativetosoourcesideplaceementin(a),llocatiionmaarkerssmaybbeplaacedoontheefilmmsideewhenntheradioograhppshowwscovverageebeyoondthheloccationnmarkkersttotheeexteentdeemonsttrateddbyFFig.3，ieLeff=(xx+Mf+x)。(2)彎曲面面或球面工件件，其凹面朝朝著射線源，當(dāng)“射源至材料”距離小于工件內(nèi)半徑時(shí)；(3)彎曲曲面或球面工工件，其凸面面朝著射線源源。(b)膠片片側(cè)標(biāo)記(1)當(dāng)透照照凹面朝射源源的曲面或球球面工件，且且“射源至材料”的距離大于于工件內(nèi)半徑徑時(shí)，定位標(biāo)標(biāo)記應(yīng)放在膠膠片側(cè)。(2)定位標(biāo)標(biāo)記不按(a)放在射源源側(cè)而放在膠膠片側(cè)時(shí)，要要求底片上顯顯示的有效范范圍超過(guò)定位位標(biāo)記之外一一定長(zhǎng)度(見(jiàn)圖3，即Leff=(xx+Mf+x)。定位標(biāo)標(biāo)記LLocatiionmaarkerDtxMfxFig.3圖3x=(t/D)(MMf/2))x=addittionallrequuiredcoverrage,beyonndfillmsiddeloccationnmarkkert=compoonentthickknessMf=filmssidellocatiionmaarkerinterrvalD=sourccetocompoonentdistaancex=(t/D)(MMf/22)x:在膠片定位標(biāo)標(biāo)記兩側(cè)要求求附加覆蓋范范圍t：工件厚度Mf：兩膠片側(cè)定位標(biāo)標(biāo)記之間的間間距D：射源至工件表面面距離NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:8oof17Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDS(c)EittherSSideMMarkerrs.Locatioonmarrkersmaybbeplaacedooneitthertthesoourcesideorfiilmsiidewhhenraadiogrraphinngeitheercurrvedoorsphhericaalcommponenntswhhosecconcavvesiddeistowarrdtheesourrceanndthee“sourcce-to--materrial”disttanceequallstheeinsiideraadiusofthhecommponennt.Double--wallviewiing,aatleaastonneloccationnmarkkershhallbbeplaacedoontheesourrcesiidesuurfaceeadjaacenttothhewelld(orrontthemaateriaalintheaareaoofintterestt)forreachhradiiograpph.3.8Asyystemshalllbeuusedttoprooducepermaanentidenttificaationonthheraddiograaphtrraceabbletoothecontrract,compoonent,,welddseamm,orpartnumbeers，asaapproppriatee.Ontherradioggraph,,thefolloowingshalllbepplainllyanddpermmanenttlyinncludeedanddinaanycaasethhisinnformaationshalllnotobscuurethheareeaofinterrest.(1)NJBBST(CConamme)(2)JJobNoo.(3)WelldseaamNo..(4))RadiiograpphNo..(5)Reppairmmark,ifappplicaable(6)Loccationnmarkkings(7)Thiicknesssofbasematerrial(8)Datteofradioographhy3.9FaccilitiiesfoorVieewingofRaadiogrraphsIlluminaatoruusedttovieewraddiograaphssshallbeveerifieedthaatithasssufficcientintennsitytobeevisiiblefforthheesssentiaalwirrediaameterrofIIQIanndcanndifffusettheliightuuniforrmly.Whentherradioggraphissmmallerrthanntheviewiingpoortionnofiillumiinatorrorwwilliincluddelowwdenssityaareas,,themaskssshalllbeproviidedttoexccludeanyeextranneouslightt.3.9.2Innordeertoobtaiintheeneceessaryybrigghtnesssthrroughtherradioggraphatleeast330cd/mm2,theeviewwingeequipmmentsshallhavetheffollowwingiillumiinatioon:Taable66(c)兩側(cè)均可標(biāo)標(biāo)記射線照曲面或球面面工件，其凹凹面朝著射源源，且“射源至工件”距離等于工工件內(nèi)半徑時(shí)時(shí)，則標(biāo)記可可放在射源側(cè)側(cè)，也可以放放在膠片側(cè)。雙壁成像法雙壁成像時(shí)，在射射源側(cè)表面焊焊縫附近(或在有效區(qū)區(qū)工件上)至少放一個(gè)個(gè)定位標(biāo)記。3.8標(biāo)識(shí)底片上應(yīng)有永久標(biāo)標(biāo)識(shí)，即合同同號(hào)、部件號(hào)號(hào)、焊縫號(hào)或或工件號(hào)等。下列永久性標(biāo)識(shí)應(yīng)應(yīng)明確無(wú)誤地地顯示在底片片上，且不得得干擾有效評(píng)評(píng)定區(qū)。南京寶色鈦業(yè)有限限公司(NJBSST)；工件號(hào)；(3)焊縫號(hào)號(hào)(4)底片號(hào)；(5)返修標(biāo)標(biāo)記；(6)定位標(biāo)標(biāo)記；(7)母材厚厚度；(8)透照日日期；3.9觀片設(shè)設(shè)備必須校驗(yàn)觀片設(shè)備備燈是否有足足夠的光強(qiáng)觀觀看象質(zhì)計(jì)應(yīng)應(yīng)顯線徑，能能否均勻地?cái)U(kuò)擴(kuò)散燈光。當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)灼∮谟^觀片燈屏尺寸寸或存在低黑黑度區(qū)域時(shí)，應(yīng)應(yīng)遮檔多余光光線。為使底片透過(guò)光強(qiáng)強(qiáng)至少為30cd/mm2,觀片燈應(yīng)有有表6所示照明亮亮度。表6RadiograaphDeensityyMinimumIllumminatiion底片黑度最小照明亮度2.03,000cd//m22.03，000cd/mm23.030,000ccd/m23.030，000cd/mm24.0300,000cd/m224.0300，00000cd/mm23.10VieewingRoomSubdueddbackkgrounndligghtinggshalllbeproviidedssuchtthatttheinntensiityshhallnnotcaausettroubllesomeerefllectioon,shhadowssorgglaressonttheraadiogrraph.4.ChecckofSurfaacetoobeRRadioggrapheedPriorttostaartinggofrradioggraphiicexaaminattion,the3.10觀片片室應(yīng)提供柔和的背景景光線，光線線亮度不得在在底片上產(chǎn)生生有干擾作用用的反射、陰陰影或眩光。4.被檢表面面檢查射線透照檢測(cè)前，RT人員必須NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:9oof17Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDSExaminershalllchecckorveriffythaattheesurffacettoberadioographhedsaatisfiiesthhefolllowinngconnditioons:4.1TheereinnforceementofbuuttweeldedjointtsiswithiintheevaluuespeecifieedinSectiionⅧDiviision1asshownninTTable7TTable7表7檢查或驗(yàn)證被檢表表面是否滿足足下述條件：：4.1對(duì)接焊焊縫余高應(yīng)在在第Ⅷ卷第1分冊(cè)規(guī)定的的數(shù)值內(nèi)。NominalThicknesss,in..(mm)MaximumReinfforcemment,iin.最大余高inn,(mm))CategoryyB&CButttwelldsB和C類(lèi)對(duì)接焊焊縫OtherWeelds其它它焊縫Lessthaan3/332(<2..4)3/32(<2..4)1/32(0.88)3/32to3/16,,incll.(2..4~4.88)1/8(3.2))1/16(1.66)Over3/116to1/2,iincl.(>4.88~12.77)5/32(4.00)3/32(2.44)Over1/22to11,incll.(>112.7~225.4)3/16(4.88)3/32(2.44)Over1tto2,iincl.(>25..4~50..8)1/4(6.4))1/8(3.2))Over2tto3,iincl.(>50..8~76..2)1/4(6.4))5/32(4.00)Over3tto4,inncl.((>76.22~101..6)1/4(6.4))7/32(5.55)Over4tto5,iincl.(>1011.6~1227)1/4(6.4))1/4(6.4))Over5(>>127)5/16(7.99)5/16(7.99)GENERALNOTESS:(a)Forrdoubbleweeldedbuttjointts,thhisliimitattionoonreiinforccementtgiveenabooveshhallaapplyseparratelyytobbothiinsideeandoutsiidesuurfaceesofthejjoint..(b)Forrsinggleweeldedbuttjointts,thhereiinforccementtlimiitsgiivenaaboveshalllappllytotheooutsiddesurrfaceofthhejoiintonnly.(c)Thiicknesssofweldreinfforcemmentsshallbebaasedoontheethiccknesssoftthethhinnerroftthemaateriaalsbeeingjjoinedd.(d)Theewelddreinnforceementthickknessshalllbeddetermminedfromthehhigherrofttheabbuttinngsurrfacessinvoolved..(e)Welldreiinforccementtmaybereemoveddifssodessired..4.2Anyysurffaceiirreguularitties,suchasweeldriippless,spllashinng,unndercuutanddsurffacerroughnness,cannootmasskorbecoonfuseedwitththeeimaggeofanyddisconntinuiity.5.SetuupforrExpoosureLevelⅠⅠorleevelⅡindiividuaalshaallseetuptheeequipmment,toolssandmaterrialsforeexposuureinnaccoordanccewitththeeexamminatiioninnstrucctionsoalllreqquiremmentsforrradioggraphwillbemeet.Thhesettupinnformaationshalllbettrulyandcclearllyreccordeddasddescriibediinparragrapph9.5.1ArrrangemmentoofFillm.IQQIanddMarkkers.Filmcaassettte,IQQIanddmarkkerssshallbepllacedinacccordaancewwithFFig.44.TheeExamminerwhopperforrmsthheexpposureeshalllcarrefulllyinsserttthesppecifiiedfiilminntocaassettteanddattaachthhe“B”markkoniitsbaack.注：a.對(duì)雙面對(duì)接接焊縫，上列余高高限值對(duì)焊縫縫內(nèi)外兩面均均適用。b.對(duì)單面對(duì)接接焊縫上列余余高限值僅適適用于焊縫外外面。c.焊縫余高高高度應(yīng)按被焊焊接工件較薄薄厚度取值。d.焊縫余高高高度應(yīng)從對(duì)對(duì)接表面的較較高處定值。e.視需要，可可去除焊縫余高。4.2任何表表面不規(guī)則狀狀態(tài)，如焊波波，飛濺、咬咬邊、表面粗粗糙度，不得得掩蓋缺陷影影象或與之相相混淆。5.透照布置置Ⅰ級(jí)和Ⅱ級(jí)人員應(yīng)該該根據(jù)探傷作作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書(shū)布布置透照的設(shè)設(shè)備，器材，使使之滿足射線線照相的所有有要求。應(yīng)按按9要求正確記記錄布置數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)。5.1膠片，象象質(zhì)計(jì)和標(biāo)記記的安放膠片暗盒，象質(zhì)計(jì)計(jì)和標(biāo)記應(yīng)按按圖4放置。曝光光操作者應(yīng)將將指定的膠片片仔細(xì)插入暗暗盒，并在暗暗盒后背面貼貼上“B”標(biāo)記。5NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:10of177Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDS1.Locaationmarkeer2.NJBSST(Coo.Namme).3.JobNo.4.WelddseammandradioographhNo.5.Repaairanndtimmemarrker6.Locaationmarkeer.7.IQI8.Dateeofrradioggraphyy9.Thiccknesssofbbasemmateriial10.“B”markk11.X-rraymaachinee12.Fillm13.BacckscaattereedraddiatioonshiieldIfthedensiityofftheradiiograpphanyywhereethrooughttheaareaoofintteresttvariiesbyymoreethann–15%oor+300%froomtheedenssityaadjaceenttoothedesiggnateddwireeofaawireeIQIwithiintheeminiimumaandmaaximummalloowableedenssityrrangessspeccifieddinTTable88,theentwooIQIssshalllbeused..Oneshalllbepplaceddonttheliightesstareeaofinterrestaandthheothhershhallbbeplaacedoontheedarkkestaareaoofintterestt.Tablee8AccceptaableMMin&MMaxDeensityy.定位標(biāo)記南京寶色鈦業(yè)有限限公司(NJBSTT)工件號(hào)焊縫號(hào)片號(hào)返修標(biāo)記及次數(shù)標(biāo)標(biāo)記定位標(biāo)記象質(zhì)計(jì)透照日期母材厚度“B”標(biāo)記X射線機(jī)膠片背散射屏蔽板射線底片有效評(píng)定定區(qū)內(nèi)任一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的黑度，大大于指定要顯顯示的象質(zhì)計(jì)計(jì)金屬絲附近近黑度-15%或+30%時(shí)，盡管此此黑度落在表表8規(guī)定的范圍圍內(nèi)，還是應(yīng)應(yīng)使用兩個(gè)象象質(zhì)計(jì)。一個(gè)個(gè)放在有效區(qū)區(qū)的黑度最小小區(qū)，另一個(gè)個(gè)放在有效區(qū)區(qū)的黑度最大大區(qū)。表8合格的最小和最大大黑度MethodoofVieewingDensityofRaadiogrraph觀片方法DMinimumMaximumMin.Max.Single1.84.0單片法1.84.0Compositte1.3△4.0雙片法1.3△4.0△Eachradiiograpphofacommposittesettshalllhavveamminimuumdennsityof1..3.5.2GeoometriicConnditioonforrExpoosure..Minimummsourrce-too-objeectdiistancceanddmaxiimumddistanncefrromsoourcesideofobbjecttothhefillmshaallmeeetthhereqquiremmentsofgeeometrricunnsharppness(Ug)..ThegeomeetricunshaarpnesssofradioographhshalllnottexceeedwhhatdeescribbedinnTablle9.△雙片中每張底片片最小黑度為為1.3。5.2曝光幾幾何條件射源至工件最小距距離和工件射射源側(cè)表面至至膠片最大距距離應(yīng)滿足幾幾何不清晰度度(Ug)的要求。底底片的幾何不不清晰度不應(yīng)應(yīng)超過(guò)表9規(guī)定值。NJBSTCoo.,Ltdd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:11of177Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDSTablee9AcceeptablleUnssharpnness表9許用幾何不清清晰度in(mm)ThicknesssofMateerialUgmax材料厚度Ugmax,<2(<51)≤0.020(≤00.5)<2(<51)≤0.020(≤00.5)按照下述公式來(lái)確確定底片的幾幾何不清晰度度：Ug=Fd/D其中：F=射源尺寸寸：射源(或焦點(diǎn))在離被檢焊焊縫或工件距距離D的垂直面上上的最大投影影尺寸。d-被檢焊縫或工工件的射源側(cè)側(cè)表面至膠片片的距離。D-射源與被檢焊縫或或工件表面的的距離。一張底片上有效區(qū)區(qū)內(nèi)的黑度和和靈敏度應(yīng)符符合規(guī)定的要要求。有效檢檢測(cè)長(zhǎng)度可通通過(guò)實(shí)際檢測(cè)測(cè)的方法來(lái)確確定。一般射線中心束方方向必垂直于于有效區(qū)中心心。當(dāng)需發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)特殊缺陷時(shí)時(shí)，應(yīng)按Ⅲ級(jí)編制的探探傷作業(yè)指導(dǎo)導(dǎo)書(shū)確定透照照方向。6.膠片沖洗RT人員按膠片片處理程序?qū)?duì)曝光膠片進(jìn)進(jìn)行顯影，沖沖洗數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)有有記錄。顯影劑和定影劑的的化學(xué)成份、溫溫度和時(shí)間應(yīng)應(yīng)按膠片制造造廠推薦的。6.1手工沖沖洗程序手工沖洗程序見(jiàn)表表10。表10膠片沖洗程程序ThegeommetriccunshharpneessUggofttheraadiogrraphsshallbedeetermiinediinacccordanncewiith:Ug=Fdd/DWhere:F=souurcessize:themmax.pprojecctedddimenssionooftheeradiiatinggsourrce(oorefffectivvefoccalsppot)inthheplaanepeerpenddiculaartotheddistannceDfromthewweldoorobjjectbbeingradioographhed.d=disttancefromsourccesiddesurrfaceofthhewelldorobjecctbeiingraadiogrrapheddtotthefiilm.D=Disttancefromsourcceofradiaationtoweeldorrobjeectbeeingrradioggrapheed.Thedennsityandssensittivityywithhinthheefffectivvevieewingareaforoonefiilmshhallcconforrmtotherrequirrementtspeccifiedd.Theeeffeectiveeexamminatiionleengthcanbedeetermiinedbbymeaansoffmethhodoffactuualexxaminaationss.5.2.3Inngeneeral,theddirecttionooftheecenttralbbeamoofraddiatioonshaallbeeperppendiccularllycenntereddontthearreaoffinteerest..Whennspeccialddefecttsneeedbedeteccted,itshhallbbebassedonntheexamiinatiooninsstructtionppreparredbyytheLevellⅢExamminer..6.FilmmProccessinngTheExaaminerrshallldevveloptheeexposeedfillmsinnaccoordanccewitththeefilmmproccessinngproocedurre.Thheproocessiingdaatashhallbbereccordedd.Thecheemicallcomppositiionoffdeveeloperrandfixerr,temmperattureaandtiimeshhallbbeacccordinngtotherrecommmendeddpraccticeofthhefillmmannufactturer..6.1MannualPProcesssingSequeenceThemaanualproceessinggsequuenceseeTTab.110.Tabb.10FilmProceessinggSequuenceSequenceedevelopiingStopbathingfixingwashingwettingdrying程序顯影停顯定影清洗潤(rùn)濕干燥Time5’~8’(200C)1’15’15’~20’30”15’(600C)時(shí)間5’~8’(200C)1’15’15’~20’30”15’(600C)NJBSTTCo.,,Ltd.QCD-012Rev.:0Page:12of177Title:RRADIOGGRAPHIICEXAAMINATTIONPPROCEDDUREFFORBUUTTWEELDS6.2ProccessinngQuaalityRequiiremennts.Theproocesseedraddiograaphssshallbefrreeoffmechhanicaal,chhemicaalorotherrblemmishess.Succhbleemisheesincclude,,butarennotliimiteddto:ccessinngdeffectssuchassttreakss,wattermaarks,orchhemicaalstaains.c.scraatchess,finngermmarks,,crimmps,sstaticcmarkks,smmudgess,orears..d.losssofddetaillduetopooorsccreen--to-fiilmcoontactt.e.falsseinddicatiionsdduetoodefeectiveescreeens.7.EvalluatioonofRadioographhs7.1Priiortooevalluatinngtheeradiiograpphs,ttheNDDElevvelⅡorⅢshalllcheeckifftheinforrmatiooninradioographhingrrecorddandtheeexposuureloocatioondraawingofthhecommponenntorproduuctarrecommpleteeandcorreect.7.2Priiortoobeinngintterpreeted,therradioggraphssshalllbecheckkedwhhetherrtheiirownnquallityiisconnformeedtothesspeciffiedrrequirrementts.Ottherwiise,ttheraadiogrraphhhastooberretakeen.7.3InaadditiiontootherequiiremenntdesscribeedinParaggraph6.2,therrequirrementtofrradioggraphqualiityallsoinncludees:DensityyLimiitatioonThetraansmitttedffilmddensittyneaartheedisccernibblemiinimummwireeofaanIQIIonrradioggraphandtthearreatoobeiinterppreteddshalllbewithiintheelimiitatioonssppecifiiedinnTablle8.“B”Mark.Thebriightiimageof“B”markkshalllnottappeearonnadaarkerbackggrounddofttheraadiogrraph.Ifdaarkimmageoof“B”appeearsoontheelighhterbbackgrround,,itsshoulddnotbetaakenaasarreasonnthattradiiograpphquaalityisunnacceppted.IQITheIQIIimaggesannddessignattedwiireoffwireeIQIspeciifiedshalllappeearonntheradioographhsoaastoensurretheequallityllevelofinnspecttionmmeetinngtheerequuiremeentoffTablleT-2276offSecttion..Ⅴ8.AcceeptancceStaandardds8.1Accceptanncesttandarrdsfoortheeradiiograpphiceexaminnationnofwweldsshalllrefeertheefolllowingg:SectionnⅧDiv.11,UW-551(fulllRT))andUW-522(spottRT)fforpressureeVesssels.8.2Inddicatiionssshownonthheraddiograaphsoofwelldsanndchaaracteerizeddasiimperffectioonsarreunaaccepttableforppressuureveesselweldssthattarefullradioographhedunndertthefoollowiingcoonditiions..a.Anyindiccationncharracterrizedasacrackkorzzoneoofinccompleetefuusionorpeenetraation..b.Anyotherrelonngateddindiicatioonontherradioggraphwhichhhasa