藥學(xué)英文論文寫(xiě)作材料與方法

HowtoWriteaPaperfortheInternationalJournalsInstituteofClinicalPharmacologyCentralSouthUniversity科技論文正文撰寫(xiě)最通用的結(jié)構(gòu)方式：IIntroductionMMethodsRResultsaandDDiscussionIMRaD格式HowtoWritethe“MaterialsandMethods”Section

GuoWang2010-06-11“材料與方法”主要是說(shuō)明研究所用的材料、方法和研究的基本過(guò)程，它回答“怎樣做”的問(wèn)題，在論文中起承上啟下的作用。材料是表現(xiàn)研究主題的實(shí)物依據(jù)，方法是指完成研究主題的技術(shù)手段。Material:chemicals,experimentalmaterials,animalsorhumansMethods:preparation,protocol,purposesofprotocolandmethods,methods,dataanalysis總的要求：Readersmustbeabletoreproduceyourresults,evaluatethevalidityofyourresultsandthesoundnessofyourmethods,andfollowthelogicinthepaper.

Thethreequestions

?Whathasbeendone??Whatdidyoulookfor??Howwasitdone?Shouldbereproduciblebyanothergroup一、描述的內(nèi)容1、標(biāo)題大部分的標(biāo)題采用“MaterialsandMethods”。但是根據(jù)內(nèi)容不同，可以有所改變，例如：臨床研究論文，標(biāo)題可以具體為“PatientsandMethods”，如果在臨床研究中選取了正常人作為對(duì)照，那么標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“SubjectsandMethods”。2、描述的內(nèi)容：?StudyDesign

◆drugtrial/intervention;◆

prospective/retrospective;◆

randomized,blinded;◆

sensitivityofmethod;◆

questionnaire;◆

casereport;◆

guidelines;◆

meta-analysis

?SelectionandDescriptionofParticipants◆Whoisthestudyabout?

participantsandcontrolsubjects(inanimalstudies,specifygenus,species)◆Inclusioncriteria

◆Exclusioncriteria

◆Descriptionofthesourcepopulation◆Samplesizecalculation

“SubjectsTwelvehealthySwedishCaucasianmen(n=9)andwomen(n=3)withameanageof33years(range24–50)participatedinthestudy.Thesubjectshadameanbodymassindexof23.6kg/m2(range20.0–26.8)andnonewasasmoker.TheywereselectedfromapanelofhealthysubjectsattheDivisionofClinicalPharmacologyatHuddingeUniversityHospital,Sweden.AllwereextensivemetabolisersofCYP2D6,CYP2C19andCYP2C9basedonpriorgenotyping,orphenotyping,orboth.Theyreportedtobemedication-free,includingherbaldrugsandcontraceptivepills.Twoadditionalsubjectsparticipatedbuttookpartinthefirststudyphaseonly.Theywithdrewattheirownrequestandnotduetoanyadverseevents.”?EthicIssue

Consent

Ethicclearance“ThestudywasperformedaccordingtotheDeclarationofHelsinki.Allsubjectsgavetheirwritteninformedconsentonthebasisofverbalandwritteninformation.ThestudywasapprovedbytheHumanEthicsCommitteeatHuddingeUniversityHospital,KarolinskaInstitute,Sweden.”?

TechnicalInformation◆ApparatusandKits

主要儀器裝備需要注明其型號(hào)、生產(chǎn)商名稱(chēng)，產(chǎn)地與國(guó)家；

有些儀器主要部件的型號(hào)性能參數(shù)等需要寫(xiě)清楚，例如HPLC中的分離柱需要注明其長(zhǎng)度，內(nèi)徑以及填充顆粒的型號(hào)等；◆

reagentsanddrugs

試劑和藥品要注明廠家，產(chǎn)地及國(guó)家;

國(guó)際非專(zhuān)利藥品名稱(chēng)（INN）需優(yōu)先注明；

在描述藥品名稱(chēng)時(shí)盡量避免使用代號(hào)或?qū)＠Q(chēng)；如果有必要使用專(zhuān)利名稱(chēng)，可在括號(hào)內(nèi)使用一次，且必須在之前使用藥品的國(guó)際非專(zhuān)利名稱(chēng)。◆

reagentsanddrugs（續(xù)）

試劑有時(shí)需要注明使用濃度、純度、配方等，尤其是自行配制試劑，一些情況下還需要說(shuō)明配制方法與過(guò)程;

臨床試驗(yàn)所用藥物必須注明劑型、劑量、給藥途徑、給藥次數(shù)及總量等信息；◆

Methods

對(duì)采用的新方法和步驟（即未曾發(fā)表過(guò)的）應(yīng)提供能重復(fù)操作所需的細(xì)節(jié)；

對(duì)新方法的描述要提供足夠的信息以便于讀者判斷實(shí)驗(yàn)的精確性，重復(fù)性和可靠性?！?/p>

Methods

對(duì)已建立的方法直接引用參考文獻(xiàn),對(duì)已建立方法的改進(jìn)應(yīng)說(shuō)明改良部分；Analyticalmethods

Anymethodusedtoquantifydrugormetaboliteconcentrationsinbodyfluidsshouldbecharacterisedatleastbythefollowinginformation:

-Rangeofquantification(definedbyanacceptableaccuracy/precisionandnotbyafactorabovebaselinenoise),

-accuracyandprecisionovertheentirerangeofquantification,

-recovery(ifapplicable)andstabilityinformationfortheperiodofmeasurement.

Thisinformationisneededeitherinthemanuscriptormustbeavailableinareferencetheauthorprovides.Normallythemethodsshouldbedescribedinsuchadetailedwaythatotherresearcherswillbeabletorepeatit.?

StatisticalAnalysisLastparagraphisstatisticalanalysis-howdataaresummarized,statisticaltest,measurementscompared,Pvalueandsoftware.二、時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用

時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)的運(yùn)用：

A:若描述的內(nèi)容為不受時(shí)間影響的事實(shí)，采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如：“CYP2C19genotypeisanimportantdeterminantofvoriconazoleplasmalevels.Individualswhoarehomozygouspoormetabolizers(PM),forexample,generallyhaveelevatedplasmavoriconazolelevels,whichmightconfoundthedeterminationofvoriconazole–druginteractions.Therefore,eachsubject’sCYP2C19genotypewasdeterminedduringthescreening.SubjectswererandomlyassignedtoastudydruggroupsothatallgroupsincludedasimilarproportionofhomozygouspoorCYP2C19metabolizers.”

B:若描述的內(nèi)容為特定的過(guò)去行為或事件，則采用過(guò)去時(shí)，如：

C:讀者已知進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)或采用這些材料的人就是作者本人，因而一般習(xí)慣采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如:

D:如果涉及表達(dá)作者的觀點(diǎn)或方法，則應(yīng)采用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，如：“Forthesecondtrial,theapparatuswascoveredbyasheetofplastic.Webelievedthatthismodificationwouldreducetheamountofscattering.”“Forthesecondtrial,theapparatuswascoveredbyasheetofplastictoreducetheamountofscattering.”三、注意事項(xiàng)藥名盡可能用國(guó)際非專(zhuān)利藥名（InternationalNonproprietaryNames，INN或genericnames）如

edeticacid(非EDTA),egtazicacid(非EGTA).避免用代號(hào)，如

calcimycin(非A-23187),enalaprilat(非

MK-422),mifepristone(非RU-486)。如必要專(zhuān)利名（brand或

trade或

commercial)可在括號(hào)內(nèi)用一次.非專(zhuān)利藥名首字小寫(xiě)，如

ranitidine，captopril,但專(zhuān)利名則需大寫(xiě),如Zantac，Capoten.性別、年齡、體重應(yīng)有均數(shù)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差、范圍.交代動(dòng)物級(jí)別和動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)合格證號(hào)。大鼠和小鼠需至少2級(jí)才能報(bào)告。用SI單位（leSystèmeInternationald’Unités）如25.4mm(非1inch),g·L-1

(非mg·ml-1),mol·L-1(非

MorN).如果在SI單位前有阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，則只用單位符號(hào)，而不用單位全名，如1s,2min,3h,4d,d4(thefourthday),5y避免用符號(hào)“‰”血