高中英語過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

外研版高一年級(jí)(必修3)Module3Thepastperfectpassive過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)GrammarIWhatcanyouseefromthefollowingsentences?1.Bythetimethetornadoended,morethan700peoplehadbeenkilled.2.CoghlantravelledbacktoCanadaafterhehadbeenburiedinTexas.動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成,且謂語動(dòng)詞與發(fā)出這一動(dòng)作的主語存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。句中常用by,before,until,when等詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語。過去完成時(shí)1)

概念:表示過去的過去

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那時(shí)以前那時(shí)現(xiàn)在

其構(gòu)成是had+過去分詞。2)用法

a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成由助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞（V-ed）構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)

had+beendoneChoosethecorrecttenseandvoicetocompleteeachsentence.1.Afterthehurricane,Mary___(see)thattheroofofherhouse____________(disappear).2.She________(return)homeand______(find)allherfurniture_______________(ruin)bytheflood.sawhaddisappearedreturnedfoundhadbeenruined3.Arthurwassurprisedwhenhe________(arrive)homebecausethetornado_________(take)thefeathersoffhischickens.arrivedhadtaken4.We_____(leave)thehousewhenthethunderstorm___________(finish).lefthadfinished5.He_____(try)todrivebacktohishomebeforetheflood______(pass)throughthevillage.triedpassedCompletethesentenceswiththeverbsfromthebox.Usethepastperfectpassive,ifnecessary.destroydiefallfloodkill1.Aftertheearthquake,theydiscoveredthatseveralpeople______________________.2.Whenthehurricaneended,severalbuildingsinthetown________________________________.hadbeenkilled/haddiedhadbeendestroyed/hadfallendown3.Hisvillage_________________________________intheheavyrain,sohemovedtohisparents’house.4.Whenshewokeup,shefoundthatherhouse___________________bythethunderstorm.5.Arthurwasunhappybecausesomeofhisanimals__________________________.hadbeenflooded/hadbeendestroyedhadbeendestroyedhaddied/hadbeenkilledI____younottomovemydictionary—nowIcan’tfindit.A.askedB.askC.wastakingD.hadaskedAccordingtotheartdealer,thepainting____togoforatleastamilliondollars.

A.isexpectedB.expectsC.expectedD.isexpectingAA高考練賓3.---Thewindowisdirty.---Iknow.It____forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Morepatients____inhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.

A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreatedDD5.Thefirstuseofatomicweaponswasin1945,andtheirpower____increasedenormouslyeversince.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen---Howlong____atthisjob?---Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyouemployedCB直接引語:直接引用別人的話,把它放在引號(hào)內(nèi)。(directspeech)間接引語:用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。(indirectspeech)GrammarIIIamabeautifulgirl.仔細(xì)觀察A、B、C三組句子,注意總結(jié)它們的變化規(guī)則。A.1.Hesaid,“Ilostthebag.”2.Hesaidthathehadlostthebag.B.1.“Doyouwanttotakepartinthesportsmeeting?”askedtheteacher.2.Theteacheraskedmeif/whetherIwantedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.C.1.“Whenwillyougofishing?”Janeaskedherfather.2.Janeaskedherfatherwhenhewouldgofishing.【總結(jié)歸納】上面三組句子中的第一句是直接引語,第二句是間接引語,它們可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化,轉(zhuǎn)化后的間接引語常常是賓語從句,引導(dǎo)詞有如下特征：組別直接引語間接引語引導(dǎo)詞A陳述句that(可省略)B一般疑問句if/whetherC特殊疑問句wh-/how1).直接引語為陳述句時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語,

要用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：“Thestormwasextremelyviolent,”saidalocalman.Alocalmansaidthatthestormhadbeenextremelyviolent.2).直接引語為一般疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語,

要用if/whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并將原來的疑問語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如：Theteacherasked,“iseverybodyheretoday?”Theteacheraskedifeverybodywasherethatday.3).直接引語為特殊疑問句,變?yōu)殚g接引語,

用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)從句,并將疑句語序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z序。如：“WhatshallIdonext?”thegirlwondered.Thegirlwonderedwhatsheshoulddonext.

4).直接引語為祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語,一般用以下結(jié)構(gòu):order/tell/asksb.(not)todo如：Theheadmastersaid,“don’tlitterthefloorwithscrapsofpaper.”Theheadmastertoldusnottolitterthefloorwithscrapsofpaper.5).直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),賓語從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、代詞、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語等都要作相應(yīng)變化。①人稱的變化:遵循一主、二賓、三不變的原則。即:直接引語中的第一人稱在變成間接引語時(shí),要和原句中的主語保持一致;直接引語中的第二人稱在變成間接引語時(shí),要和原句中的賓語保持一致;直接引語中的第三人稱在變成間接引語時(shí),保持不變。變化項(xiàng)目直接引語間接引語時(shí)態(tài)變化一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去將來時(shí)過去完成時(shí)②時(shí)態(tài)的變化變化項(xiàng)目直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthese時(shí)間狀語nowtoday,tonightthisweek/month…thatthosethenthatday,thatnightthatweek/month…③指示代詞/時(shí)間狀語/地點(diǎn)狀語等的變化yesterdaytendays/weeks…agotomorrow/nextyear..

地點(diǎn)狀語here方向性動(dòng)詞comebringthedaybeforetendays…beforethenextday/year…theregotake【溫馨提示】1.當(dāng)直接引語強(qiáng)調(diào)的是客觀事實(shí)或真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),從句中的時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Mr.Wangsaid,“Theearthtravelsaroundthesun.”→Mr.Wangsaid(that)theearthtravelsaroundthesun.2.當(dāng)直接引語中有表示過去的具體的時(shí)間狀語時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),從句中的謂語時(shí)態(tài)可以不變。如：

Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”→Shesaid(that)shewasbornin1995.另外,如果在當(dāng)?shù)鼗蛘弋?dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、動(dòng)詞需不需要發(fā)生變化,這要看當(dāng)時(shí)的語境來確定。I.將下列直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語。1.Lindasaid,“I’mmeetingDavidfordinner.”Lindasaid(that)she____________Davidfordinner.2.Billsaid,“Iforgottopaymyelectricitybill.”Billsaid(that)he________topayhiselectricitybill.wasmeetingforgotto練習(xí)坊3.IaskedJack,“Doyouknowthecaller’sname?”IaskedJack_______________________________.4.Theteacheraskedhim,“Whywereyoulateyesterday?”Theteacheraskedhim______________________________.

whetherheknewthecaller’snamewhyhewaslatethedaybefore5.“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys,”theteachersaid.Theteachertoldtheboys

__________somuchnoise.nottomakeVolcaniceruptiondon’thappenveryoftenontheisland.Ascientistsaidthat_______________________________________________________________.II.Rewritethesentencesusingthereportingexpressions.

volcaniceruptionsdidn’thappenveryoftenontheisland2.Noonewasontheislandduringthevolcaniceruption.Alocaljournalistsaidthat____________________________________________________________________________.

noonewas/hadbeenontheislandduringthevolcaniceruptions3.Thethunderstormwillputoutthefires.Localpeoplesaidthat_______________________________________.

thethunderstormwouldputoutthefires4.Theresidentscangobacktotheirhomes.Thegovernorsaidthat________________________________________________.5.Severaleruptionshavetakenplaceinthelasttwentyyears.Alocalradiostationsaidthat______________________________________________________________.

theresidentscouldgobacktotheirhomes

severaleruptionshadtakenplaceintheprevioustwentyyears6.Theresidentswil