【課件】Unit+4Discovering+Useful+Structures課件人教版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)

Therestrictiverelativeclause限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.3.What’syourtelephonenumber?4.Therearefourpeopleinmyfamily.5.Lookcarefullyattheexamplesentencesabove.6.Theenvironmentinthefamilyisvitaltoachild’sgrowth.7.Whatisthebuildingbeingbuiltinyourschool?8.TheSpecialOlympicsbeganasadaycampcreatedin1963.9.Doyouknowtheplantobediscussedatthemeeting?10.Chinaisadevelopingcountrythatisdevelopingrapidly.指出下列句子中的劃線部分的詞類：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的詞作定語(yǔ)多前置短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)須后置形容詞物主代詞名詞數(shù)詞方位副詞介詞短語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)帶to的不定式短語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定義：在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾、限定名詞和代詞或解釋主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句先行詞：定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限定的名詞或代詞。非限定從句偉先行句。關(guān)系詞：代替被修飾、限定的先行詞并引出從句、在從句中充當(dāng)某

一成分的代詞或副詞——關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞。關(guān)系副詞：在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)分別指時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的引導(dǎo)詞。

定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))whom(賓語(yǔ))whose(定語(yǔ))that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))which(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))whose(定語(yǔ))that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))where

(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))when

(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))why

(原因狀語(yǔ))第四單元第五單元定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞Heisastudent.

Heisastudent

Heisreadingamagazine.

HereadingamagazineHeworksveryhard.主要信息次要信息Heborroweditfromher.主要信息次要信息主句從句主句從句who/thatworksveryhard.which/thatheborrowedfromher.把次要信息句中的與主要信息句指代相同的詞語(yǔ)替換為關(guān)系詞，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞。Heismybrother-in-law.

Heismybrother-in-lawHissisterismywife.主要信息次要信息主句從句whosesisterismywife.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)把下列各組句子合并為一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句：1.Thepeoplearelivinganewlife.Theysufferedtheearthquake.2.Shewantstofindthekid.Shemethimyesterday.3.Thehouseismyuncle’s.Itstandsbytheriver.4.Thisisthemostexcitingfilm.Ihaveseenit.5.Theyliveinaroom.Thewindowoftheroomfacessouth.Thepeoplewhosufferedtheearthquakearelivinganewlife.Shewantstofindthekidwhoshemetyesterday.Thehousewhichstandsbytheriverismyuncle’s.ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveseen.Theyliveinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.彭祥吳文秀丁茜李楚祺張圣雪Thepeoplearelivinganewlife.They

sufferedtheearthquake.Shewantstofindthekid.Shemethimyesterday.Thehouseismyuncle’s.Itstandsbytheriver.Thisisthemostexcitingfilm.Ihaveseenit.Theyliveinaroom.Thewindowoftheroomfacessouth.給下列各句添加一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)使其成為一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句：1.TheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreatgrandmacannotforget.2.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoeruption.3.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.4.Mr.Liisanarchitectwhosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.5.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEducator.6.Hedoesn’tseemtobetheman(that)hewastenyearsago.

徐鈺瑩史浩然范宸朱子檣劉露

周欣輝指人指物whose主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞=ofwhom=ofwhichthatwhowhomwhosethatwhich1.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系代詞可以省略。注意2.在定語(yǔ)從句中緊接著介詞的只能用which和whom。1.Thenumberofpeople___________cometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.2.Theperson__________________youjusttalkedtoisMrLi.3.Theyplantedthetrees___________didn’tneedmuchwater.4.Thefish_____________weboughtwerenotfresh.5.Thisisthehouse_____________welivedinlastyear.

that/who(that/who/whom)that/which(that/which)(that/which)用關(guān)系代詞天空完成句子：張佳源丁欣怡王卉夏承慧陳燦

6.Theearthquake___________hitSanFranciscoonApril18th

shookdownhundredsofthousandsofdollars’worthofwallsandchimneys(煙囪).7.Tensofthousandsofpeople__________hadlosttheirhomesleftthecitytolookforshelterfromthefires.8.Theteambringshelpandhopetothose______livesarechangedbyastorm,flood,earthquakeoranyothernaturaldisaster.that/whichwho/thatwhose趙磊方虹徐欣雨9.Thelistofpeopleto

helphasbeengivenislong.10.Theteamtreatedmorethan3,000people

wereinjuredinthe2006earthquakeinIndonesia,helped2,500woundedpeopleaftertheearthquake_________hitHaitiin2010,andspentseveralmonthsgivingaidtoover25,000victimsofthe2010floodsinPakistan(巴基斯坦).11.Theyhavetobeabletodowork

isdifficultunderconditions

canbeverydangerous.

who/thatthat/whichthat/whichthat/whichwhom胡秦楷王鑫邱鈺惠葉子馨畢慧that/whichhappenedinTangshanin1976whohavepassedtheexamtheonethatyouboughtthat/whichwerewrittenwhosemotherdied非指人時(shí),只用that(不用which)的情況:1Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthat

theyaretalkingabout?2I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.3ThisistheverybookthatI’vebeenlookingforthesedays.4TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.5ThisisthelasttrainthatleavesforShanghaitoday.6Theysecretlybuildafactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.7Chinaisn’tthecountry(that)itusedtobe.8Whatdidyouseethatmadeyousoangry?9The9:15trainisthefastesttrainthat

therehaseverbeen.10YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwo

thatarestillalive.先行詞既有人又有物

先行詞是不定代詞(all,much,few,little,something,anything,everything,nothing,none)或被不定限定詞修飾時(shí),用that

先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,every,any,few,little,no,all修飾時(shí),用that

先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),用that

先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞(含last,next)修飾時(shí),用that

有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一個(gè)必須用which時(shí),另一個(gè)用that

先行詞是be后的表語(yǔ)或引導(dǎo)詞作從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)用that

主句以wh-開頭(who,what,which)時(shí)用that

主句為存在句型或引導(dǎo)詞在存在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用that

先行詞是基數(shù)詞時(shí)用that關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法非指人時(shí),只用which(不用that)的情況:1Whichisthehousein

whichMarylives.Haveyouseenthefilmabout

whichtheyaretalking?2Hangzhouisabeautifulcity,

whichIwanttovisit.3LetmeshowyouthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibrary

whichwasnewlyopentous.

緊接在介詞后時(shí),不用that

非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,不用that(在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)替代先行詞)

有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已經(jīng)用了that,另外一個(gè)最好用which關(guān)系代詞which的特殊用法指人時(shí)用who不宜用that的情況

當(dāng)先行詞是I,you,he,they等人稱代詞或指人的不定代詞(如one,ones,anyone,anybody,all,none,those)時(shí)

Anyone

whodoesthatmustbemad.He

whodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Those

whohavegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.

關(guān)系代詞who的特殊用法關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作表語(yǔ)的用法Hedoesn’tseemtobetheman(that)hewas10yearsago.Themodernairplaneisnotthemachine(that)itwaswhenfirstinvented.Shewasnotthecheerfulwoman(that)shewasbeforeshewasmarried.EvenifJohnwereamillionairewhichhewasnot,hewouldnotuseafarthingofhiswealthtobenefitthepeople.Helookedlikealawyerwhichhewas.作be表語(yǔ)且先行詞是特指的，用that或省略。作表語(yǔ)但先行詞是泛指時(shí)，用which或不省略。

1.在介詞+關(guān)系代詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只能用whom；指物時(shí)用which介詞+關(guān)系代詞2.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞的判定：A.根據(jù)先行詞的詞義判定——不同意義的名詞用不同的介詞B.依從句里的動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)形容詞判定——不同的動(dòng)詞或形容詞用不同的介詞

搭配某一名詞Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson_____whomshecouldturnforhelp.此句中介詞把動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)turnforhelp與person關(guān)聯(lián)起來(lái)，故用to。Thegentleman_____whomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.此句中介詞關(guān)聯(lián)先行詞gentleman和從句謂語(yǔ)toldme，故用about。Chinaisabeautifulcountry,_____whichwearegreatlyproud.此句中介詞關(guān)聯(lián)先行詞country和從句形容詞proud，故用of。Do

youstillremembertheday

on

which

wemetforthefirsttime?Onthewhole,2009wasadifficultyear

inwhichthegovernmentandUnitedNationsagenciescouldnotcarryoutactivitiesasscheduled.Thereason

for

whichheleftthecompanywasthathewasnotrespected.Therearediscussionsaboutthedegree

to

whichthetwofundsmightcoexist.介詞+關(guān)系代詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞C.依從句里的謂語(yǔ)與先行詞判定——不同先行詞用不同介詞與不同動(dòng)詞搭配Theprofessormadehisfirstspeech_____whichhetalkedaboutsomesubjectsthestudentswereinterested.此句中介詞搭配先行詞“報(bào)告”和從句謂語(yǔ)talkedaboutsomesubjects，故用in。Idon'tthinkthenumberofthepeople_____whomthishappensisverylarge.此句中介詞關(guān)聯(lián)先行詞people和從句謂語(yǔ)happen，故用to。D.依從句里的名詞或數(shù)量與先行詞的關(guān)系判定——不同意義的名詞之間用不

同的介詞搭配RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,theprice_____whichwasveryreasonable.此句中介詞搭配先行詞vase和從句中的名詞theprice，故用of。Soonchildreninthecamphadmanynewfriends,with

whomtheysharedfood,storiesandprojects.Learningstrategies,to

which(the)teachersattach/haveattachedimportance,havenotyetdrawnenoughattentionofstudents.Thepositionfor

whichyouareapplyingrequiresgoodcomputerskillsandfluencyinEnglish.Guncontrolisasubjectabout

whichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafter

isbetter.1

從句動(dòng)詞決定介詞注意:介詞與動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定搭配時(shí),不能拆散,因此介詞不能提前。

陳燦張雨瀟李楚祺張佳源Hetoldmesomereferencebookswith

whichIamnotveryfamiliar.We'llvisittheMountainTai,for

whichShandongisfamousintheworld.Thetwothingsabout

whichIwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.Thetwothingof

whichtheyfeltveryproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.2

從句形容詞和先行詞決定介詞

吳文秀高麗凡羅榕許睿Sb.befamiliarwithsth.某人熟悉某物=

Sth.befamiliartosb.befamousforsth.因……著名befamousas…以……身份著名

Sb.besureofsth.(對(duì)特定事物)確信……

besureaboutsth.(籠統(tǒng))對(duì)……有把握溫馨提醒：注意區(qū)別同一形容詞與不同的名詞搭配Hewasinjuredthedayon

whichhereturnedfromabroad.Shewaskilledintheyearin

whichtheearthquakehappened.InWesternCulture,21wastheage

at

whichyoungpeopletraditionallyreceivedakeytotheirparents’door,asasymbolofenteringadulthood.Careofthesoulisagradualprocess

in

whicheventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.Hecameroundthestreetcorner,at

whichtherewasabookstand.Thebeautifuldress

in

whichMissJoneswenttotheballwasborrowedfromafriendofhers.Hebuiltatelescope

through

whichhecouldstudytheskies.3

先行詞的搭配及句意決定介詞

“用……工具”，可用withThehouse,theroof

of

whichwasdestroyedinthefire,hasbeenrepaired.Thisisthelargestclockintheworld,of

which

theminutehandissixmetreslong.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,both

of

whichhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,none

of

whomIhadevermetbefore.4

先行詞與從句中的被飾詞間的關(guān)系或整體與部分關(guān)系決定介詞注意:1關(guān)系副詞一般都可以換成“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”,但“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”

不一定能換成關(guān)系副詞

2緊接介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能省略,不能用that或who

代詞+ofPersonThingallof+whom+whichanyof+whom+which(a)fewof+whom+whichbothof+whom+whicheachof+whom+whicheitherof+whom+whichhalfof+whom+whichmanyof+whom+whichmostof+whom+whichmuchof+whom+whichneither/noneof+whom+whichoneof+whom+whichtwoofetc…

+whom+which先行詞表示整體或部分時(shí)，從句用“不定代詞或數(shù)詞+of

+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo):e.g.Thecolorlessgaswithout

whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.Ihavefoundtheholethrough

whichthemousecameintomyroom.7.全句的意思決定介詞e.g.HelivedinLondonforthreemonths,during

which

timehelearnedsomeEnglish.OurEnglishteacher,with

whose

helpwehavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,hascompletedthirtyyearsofteaching.6.從句句意和關(guān)系代詞后面的名詞決定介詞e.g.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhich

satanoldman.5.從句中的謂語(yǔ)與先行詞的關(guān)系決定介詞

陳靚張希圣余飛逸張圣雪徐鈺瑩1Agoodadvertisementoftenuseswords_____peopleattachpositivemeanings.

A.thatB.whichC.withwhichD.towhich2Theposition,however,_____youareapplying,isnotquiteawell-paidone.A.thatB.forwhichC.whichD.towhich3Thetopic,______wedevotedaheateddiscussionlastnight,isahotissueatpresent.A.inwhichB.towhomC.tothatD.towhich4Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelatives_____youreceivedgifts?A.fromwhichB.fromthemC.fromwhomD.towhom5Notallstudentswillbesuccessfulinthejobs_____theyarebeingtrained.A.inthatB.inwhichC.forwhichD.forthatPractice√√√√√用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadfurther,_____whichNewYorkisanexample.2.Bynineo'clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_____whichappearedararerainbowsoon.3.Guncontrolisasubject_____whichAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.4.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection_____whichshehadcome.5.Wewentthroughaperiod_____whichcommunicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.6.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_____whichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.ofaboveaboutfrominafterP.52__________________________________________________________________________________________________Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.Restrictiverelativeclausesaddnecessaryinformationtosentences.P.52whosewho(that)that/whichwhosewhomwho1Fillintheblankswiththat,which,who,whose,orwhom.1Adisasterisaverybadaccidentorasuddenevent__________usuallycausesgreatdamageandcanruinmanypeople’slives.2Thewomanwantedtofindandthankthefirefighter__________rescuedherfromthefire.3Atyphoonisanextremelystrongwind__________oftenhappensintheWesternPacificOcean.4Thechildren_____parentscouldnotbefoundwerelookedafterbyneighboursandfriends.5Atsunamiisaverylargewave__________isoftencausedbyanearthquakeunderthesea.6Peopleto_____muchisgivenarepeopleof_____muchwillbeexpected.P.90which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwhomwhom被給予很多的人是那些被寄予厚望的人。_____________________毀了很多人的生活2Usearestrictiverelativeclausetocombineeachpairofsentences.EXAMPLEThebabywascrying.Thebabywasrescuedfromthebuilding.(who)Thebabywhowasrescuedfromthebuildingwascrying.ORThebabywhowascryingwasrescuedfromthebuilding.1TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawoman.Thewoman'sfamilysurvivedtheearthquake.(whose)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2Thesoldierwillremembertherescueworker.Thesoldierworkedwiththerescueworkerduringthequake.(withwhom)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________P.90TheCCTVreporterisinterviewingawomanwhosefamilysurvivedtheearthquake.Thesoldierwillremembertherescueworkerwithwhom

heworkedduringthequake.2Usearestrictiverelativeclausetocombineeachpairofsentences.3Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricks.Thebrickscoveredtheground.(that/which)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeople.Wereceivedaidfrom

thepeople.(fromwhom)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5Thepeoplelosteverythinginthequake.Weneedtohelpthemprepareforthecomingwinter.(who)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________P.91Therescueworkershadtowalkslowlythroughthebricksthat/whichcoveredtheground.Myfamilywillalwaysbethankfulforthepeoplefrom

whomwereceivedaid.Weneedtohelpthepeoplewhohavelosteverythinginthequakeprepareforthecomingwinter.3Completethepassagewiththat,which,who,whose,orprep+whom.Forpeople_____lovethesun,summerisatimeoffun.Butforpeople_____familiesweredestroyedbythesupertyphoon__________hitEastChinainJuly2016,thatsummerwasatimeofgreatsadness.Thefloodsandlandslidescausedbythetyphoonkilled

161people,left61missing,andforcedtheevacuationofhundredsofthousandsofpeople.

Thevictims________thetyphoonbroughtdeathorgreatlosswereinseveralprovincesalongtheYangtzeRiver.Int