Unit4SpaceExploration單元測(cè)沖刺帶解析

人教版新教材高一必修三4單元測(cè)試卷（滿分100，時(shí)間60分鐘）第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）AAbanontouristssittingonRome’sfamousSpanishStepshasdividedthecapital.Undernewrules,policehavestartedtellingtouriststheycannolongersitonthe135steps,whichsweepfromtheimposingchurchofTrinitade’MontidowntoPiazzadiSpagnaintheheartofthecity.Policebeganpatrollingthe18th-centurymarblestepsonTuesday,blowingwhistlesatthosesittingdown.Themonument,aUnescoworldheritagesite,haslongbeentheidealrestingspotfortiredvisitorsandholdsaspecialallureatsunset.Visitorswhodefythebancanbefined€250,whichincreasesto€400iftheyhavedirtiedordamagedthestonestaircase,whichwasmadefamousbythe1953romanticcomedyRomanHoliday,starringGregoryPeckandAudreyHepburn.ThenewrulesareanattempttostoptouristseatinganddrinkingontheSteps.Butthebanhasbeencondemnedastoostringent.VittorioSgarbi,ahigh-profileartcriticandculturalheritageexpert,said:“Theruleisexcessive,almostFascist.Banningtouristsfromsittingdownisreallyexcessive.”Butitwaswelcomedbybusinessownersinthearea.“Thisisasmallreturntocivility,”saidGianniBattistoni,thepresidentofanassociationofbusinesses.VivianaDiCapua,theheadofanassociationofresidentsofthehistoriccentreofRome,said:“Romeneedstoberespectedandpeopleneedtounderstandthatnoteverythingisallowed.”DavideSermoneta,theheadofanassociationofbusinessownersinthearea,saidmanytouristswerebadlybehaved.“Theydon’tunderstandthattheyareinacityofhistoryandbeauty.”ThisfinecomesontheheelsofotherrecentItalianpreservationefforts:swimmingbannedinTrevifountain;Florence'seating-in-the-streetsban;andsoon.Whilesomerecentmovesseemtobeadirectattempttocurbovertourism,thisparticularfineisaimedatpreservationactually.Parkbenches,sidewalkcafesandterraceswelcometiredtravelers,encouraginggueststositandstayawhile.

1.Whatdoesthebaninclude?A.Touristscan’tsitonRome’sfamousSpanishSteps.B.Touristscan’tsitonthoseparkbenchesofRome.C.Touristscan’tsitinthosesidewalkcafesofRome.D.Touristscan’twatchthebeautifulsunsetofRome.2.WhatmadeSpanishStepsfamous?A.Thebeautifulsunsetofthesquare. B.ThecomedyRomanHoliday.C.Thedeliciouswineandcoffee. D.ThefamousTrevifountain.3.Whoisagainsttheban?A.DavideSermoneta B.VivianaDiCapuaC.GianniBattistoni D.VittorioSgarbiBIt’sarealcaseoffishoutofwater.Blennies(鲇魚(yú))intheSouthPacificOceanaregraduallyrelocatingtolandtoescapetheirpredators(捕食者),inanexampleofevolutioninaction.Fishfirstbegancrawlingontodrylandabout400millionyearsago,kickingoffanevolutionarychainofeventsthatledtohumans.Buttheirreasonsforexitingtheseahavebeenuncertain.Tolookforclues,TerryOrdattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinAustraliahasbeenstudyingseveralspeciesofblenniesatRarotonga,thelargestoftheCookIslands.Atlowtide,blenniesarecommonlyfoundswimminginrockpoolsaroundtheedgesoftheisland.Butwhenhightidemovesin,theyclimbuptodrylandandmovearoundtherocksuntilthetideretreats.Theresearchersfoundthatthisismostlikelytoavoidpredatorsthatswiminwiththerisingtide–mainlybiggerfishlikelionfish.Totestwhatwouldhappenifblenniesdidnothaveanescapeplan,theymadeblennymodelsandsanktheminthesea.Themimicsendedupwithwounds,bitemarksandchunks-missing.Ofcourse,therearestilldangersforblenniesonland,liketheoccasionalbirdattack,butthepredationriskonlandisathirdthatofunderwater.What’smore,movingontolandhasadditionalbenefitsforblennies.Holesintherocksprovideshelterednestsforlayingeggs,andtheycanmaintaintheirdietofbacteria.Infact,severalspeciesofblennyfishatRarotongahavealreadymadethefulltransitiontoland-dwelling(陸生的)species.Theycontinuetobreathewiththeirgills,buthavedevelopedstrongertailfinsandjumpfromrocktorock.Ordbelievesthatmanyevolutionaryprocesseshavebeendrivenbytheneedtoescapepredators.“Itisoftenassumedthatanimalsmovehomestofindnewsourcesoffood,butinmanycases,escapingpredatorsisastrongermotivation.”hesays.4.Whydoblenniesclimbtodrylandwhenhightidecomes?A.Toacquirebetterhealth. B.Tosearchformorefood.C.Toseeksaferlivingconditions. D.Toadapttoanewenvironment.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Themimics”inParagraph6referto?A.Therocksinthewater. B.Thepredatorsofblennies.C.Theresearchersofblennies. D.Themodelsofblennies.6.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.Ord’sresearchopensanewview.B.Ordwonderswhyanimalsmovehomes.C.Ordshowsusthebenefitsofblennies’evolution.D.Ordhasdiscoveredhowfishhavebecomelanddwellers.第二節(jié)（15分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。FivestepstomakeadifferencetotheoceansTheoceansarebeingseriouslypollutednow.Plasticsareharmingthemarine(海產(chǎn)的)life.Carbonpollutioniswarmingtheoceansandincreasingtheiracidity(酸度).Watersarebeingoverfished.1Herearesomestepswecantaketohelpmakeadifference.1.Bringourownbags.2Trycarryingareusablebagatalltimes,includingwhiletraveling,andbringingourownthingstoworktoavoidrelyingonplasticitems.2.Talkaboutitnow.Weshouldcarrythatconversationintopublicplaces.Talktoourfriendsandfamilyaboutwhytheoceanisimportantandwhywetakestepstohelpit,andchallengethemtodothesame.3.3Agoodwaytomakeadifferenceistoorganizeagarbagecleanupnow.Whetherit’saninlandcleanuporonenearthecoast,planoneinourcommunity.4.Throwawayourcars.4Whenwehangout,weshouldreduceourcarbonfootprint,whichmayhelpslowglobalwarmingandoceanacidificationaswellasconserveenergy5.Recycle,obviously.Expertssayrecyclingisanobviousactiontotake.Checkonwhatcanberecycledinourcommunity,andmakesureyou’reseparatingoutyourplastic.Insummary,thinkaboutitmoreandactonitmore.Themoresomeonethinksaboutplasticsandplasticspollution,theenvironmentandtheconsequencesofouractions,themorelikelytheyaretoactonit.5A.Planacleanup.B.Choosepublictransportationoverdrivingourcars.C.Drivingcarsisnotagoodwaytoprotecttheoceans.D.However,expertssaythere’sstillhopetomakeadifference.E.However,marinelifeplaysaveryimportantroleintheoceans.F.Ifeveryonecancontributetotheoceans,theoceanswillbewellpreserved.G.Wheneverweputsomething,weshouldbringourownbag,butnotaplasticone.第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（15分）WilliamLindesaywasborninWallaseyofEnglandin1956.HefellinlovewiththeGreatWallat11."Ifellin1withitimmediately,"hesaidinaninterviewwithChinaDaily."Ithoughtitwouldbeagreatjourney,agreat2ifonedayIcouldtravelalongit,fromendtoend."At30WilliamLindesaybeganhisjourneyin1987.He378dayscovering2,470kilometers.It'sanepic4fromthefarwestofChinatothepoint5thestructuremeetsthesea.OnoneexpeditionoutintheGobiDesert,theexploreralmost6fromdehydration(脫水).Lindesayiswinnerofthe1998FriendshipAwardand2008BeijingGreatWallFriendshipAward.Healso7theOrderoftheBritishEmpirefromtheQueenin2006forhis8toculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandBritain.Duringhis9,henoticedsomesectionsofthewallwerebadly10andcoveredwithlitter.Modernizationanddevelopmentwere

makingthesituationeven11.Somepeoplesayitwilltake12tochange;Isaywedon'thavegenerationsoftime.It'sgottobemuchquicker."hesaid.Lindesayalwayscarriesagarbagebagwithhiminthewilderness,13litteralongtheway.Thecloth14bearsasetofninesimpleguidelinesinChinese,which15peopletoobservewhile16orcampingoutdoors:"Takeyourowngarbagehome,""Pickuplitter17byothers,""Don'tdamageplantsorflowers,orpickfruit"andlotsmore."Everypersoncanmakea18.IfwecangetabillionChinesepeopletobe19,Chinawillbeagreen,beautifuland20countrytolivein,"hesaid.1.A.love B.emotion C.faith D.belief2.A.campaign B.adventure C.procedure D.trial3.A.took B.cost C.spent D.paid4.A.way B.approach C.method D.journey5.A.where B.when C.which D.when6.A.stop B.help C.warn D.died7.A.raised B.handled C.received D.reported 8.A.attention B.contribution C.connection D.organization9.A.exploration B.invention C.addition D.consideration10.A.hid B.damaged C.exchanged D.distributed.worse B.better C.faster D.hotter12.A.functions B.vacations C.generations D.questions13.A.picking B.parking C.filling D.testing14.A.hat B.bag C.coat D.vest15.A.goon B.turnon C.dependon D.callson16.A.meeting B.working C.traveling D.practicing17.A.left B.read C.saved D.moved.importance B.difference C.confidence D.absence19.A.artists B.biologists C.chemists D.environmentalists20.A.healthy B.wealthy C.normal D.tough第二節(jié)（滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TinypiecesofplastichavebeenfoundinicecoresdrilledintheArcticbyaUS-ledteamofscientists.Thegrowingformofpollutionposestomarinelifeineventheremotestwatersontheplanet.Theresearchersthinkmicroplasticsarebeingblownaboutbywindsandthen—throughmechanismswhicharenot1(full)understood—transportedlongdistancesthroughtheatmosphere.Theparticlesarethen"washed"out2theatmospherethroughrainorsnow.Microplasticsarenotaspecifickindofplastic,butratheranytypeofplasticfragment3islessthan5mmin4(long).Theyenternaturalecosystemsfroma5(various)ofsources,includingcosmetics,clothing,and6(industry)processes.7(global),weareingestinganaverageof5gramsofplasticeveryweek,theequivalentofacreditcard.Itfoundthattheaveragepersonconsumes8manyas1,769particlesofplasticeveryweekjustby9(drink)water—bottledorfromthetap.Plasticisnotaparticularlyharmfulmaterial,howeverthereisthepotentialthatitdoessignificantharm.Furtherresearchisneededintotheimpactoflong-termplasticexposure.Butifmicroplasticsareshowntodamagehumanhealth,itwillbeverydifficult10(remove)themfromtheenvironment.Thediscoveryisespeciallydisturbingbecause,accordingtothestudy,"theArcticisstillwidelyconceivedasoneofthelastpristineenvironmentsontheglobe."第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分35分）假設(shè)你是王明，請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇文章，描述你最喜歡的動(dòng)物，向?qū)W校校報(bào)投稿。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫人教版新教材高一必修三4單元測(cè)試卷答案及解析第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）A1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容Undernewrules,policehavestartedtellingtouriststheycannolongersitonthe135steps…根據(jù)新規(guī)定，警方已開(kāi)始告知游客，他們不能再坐在135級(jí)的西班牙臺(tái)階上了?？芍鸢笧锳。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段whichwasmadefamousbythe1953romanticcomedyRomanHoliday,starringGregoryPeckandAudreyHepburn.1953年，格里高利·派克和奧黛麗·赫本主演的浪漫喜劇《羅馬假日》使石階聞名于世。可知答案為B。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段Butthebanhasbeencondemnedastoostringent.VittorioSgarbi,ahigh-profileartcriticandculturalheritageexpert,said:“Theruleisexcessive,almostFascist.Banningtouristsfromsittingdownisreallyexcessive.”但是一些人譴責(zé)這項(xiàng)禁令過(guò)于嚴(yán)厲。知名藝術(shù)評(píng)論家和文化遺產(chǎn)專家維托里奧·斯加比說(shuō)：“這一禁令太過(guò)分了，幾乎是法西斯主義?！?.但是禁止游客坐在那里實(shí)在是太過(guò)分了?！笨芍xD。B4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段“Theresearchersfoundthatthisismostlikelytoavoidpredatorsthatswiminwiththerisingtide–mainlybiggerfishlikelionfish.”可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，這很可能是為了躲避那些隨著潮水而來(lái)的捕食者——主要是像獅子魚(yú)這樣的大魚(yú)。所以為什么鲇魚(yú)在漲潮時(shí)爬到陸地上的原因是因?yàn)樗麄儗で蟾踩纳顥l件。故C選項(xiàng)正確。5.D推理判斷題。由第六段“Totestwhatwouldhappenifblenniesdidnothaveanescapeplan,theymadeblennymodelsandsanktheminthesea.Themimicsendedupwithwounds,bitemarksandchunks-missing.”可知，為了測(cè)試如果鲇魚(yú)模型沒(méi)有逃生計(jì)劃會(huì)發(fā)生什么，他們制作了鲇魚(yú)模型，并把它們沉到海里。這些鲇魚(yú)模型最后留下了傷口、咬痕和大塊肉不見(jiàn)了。所以判斷出第6段劃線部分“Themimics”指的是鲇魚(yú)的模型。故D選項(xiàng)正確。6.A推理判斷題。由最后段“Itisoftenassumedthatanimalsmovehomestofindnewsourcesoffood,butinmanycases,escapingpredatorsisastrongermotivation.”可知，人們通常認(rèn)為動(dòng)物搬家是為了尋找新的食物來(lái)源，但在很多情況下，逃離捕食者是更大的動(dòng)機(jī)。所以?shī)W德的觀點(diǎn)與人們認(rèn)為動(dòng)物搬家是為了尋找新的食物來(lái)源不同，他認(rèn)為逃離捕食者是它們搬家的更大的動(dòng)機(jī)。這樣的理論為人們認(rèn)識(shí)動(dòng)物搬家研究開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)新的視角。所以從最后一段可以得出結(jié)論是奧德的研究開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)新的視野。故A選項(xiàng)正確。第二節(jié)（15分）1.D由“Theoceansarebeingseriouslypollutednow.Plasticsareharmingthemarine(海產(chǎn)的)life.Carbonpollutioniswarmingtheoceansandincreasingtheiracidity(酸度).Watersarebeingoverfished.1Herearesomestepswecantaketohelpmakeadifference.”可知，現(xiàn)在海洋受到嚴(yán)重污染。塑料正在傷害海洋生物的生命。碳污染使海洋變暖，增加了它們的酸度。水域被過(guò)度捕撈。以下是我們可以采取的一些步驟來(lái)幫助做出改變。所以小題1要起到與前面的句子轉(zhuǎn)折的作用，才能夠引起下文“以下是我們可以采取的一些步驟來(lái)幫助做出改變”。故D選項(xiàng)“然而，專家表示，仍有希望做出改變”符合句意，故D選項(xiàng)正確。2.G由小標(biāo)題“Bringourownbags.”可知，帶上自己的袋子。所以小題2要說(shuō)明當(dāng)我們放東西的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該自己帶包，而不是塑料制成的袋子，在結(jié)合空處后面的句子一同來(lái)說(shuō)明。避免塑料袋子能夠有效幫助改變海洋環(huán)境。故G選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)我們放東西的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該自己帶包，而不是塑料袋”符合句意。故G選項(xiàng)正確。3.A由“Agoodwaytomakeadifferenceistoorganizeagarbagecleanupnow.Whetherit’saninlandcleanuporonenearthecoast,planoneinourcommunity.”可知，改變現(xiàn)狀的一個(gè)好方法是現(xiàn)在就組織一次垃圾清理。無(wú)論是內(nèi)陸清理還是海岸附近的清理，在我們的社區(qū)里計(jì)劃一次垃圾清理活動(dòng)。所以本段主要是圍繞著“計(jì)劃清理垃圾”而展開(kāi)的也就是本段小標(biāo)題小題3的內(nèi)容。故A選項(xiàng)“計(jì)劃清理垃圾”符合句意。故A選項(xiàng)正確。4.B由小標(biāo)題“Throwawayourcars.”可知，不開(kāi)車。所以小題4要表明用什么樣的方式來(lái)取代開(kāi)車，從此達(dá)到節(jié)能減排的目的。故B選項(xiàng)“選擇公共交通而不是開(kāi)車”符合句意。故B選項(xiàng)正確。5.F由“Themoresomeonethinksaboutplasticsandplasticspollution,theenvironmentandtheconsequencesofouractions,themorelikelytheyaretoactonit.”可知，人們?cè)较胨芰虾退芰衔廴?，環(huán)境和我們行為的后果，他們就越可能采取行動(dòng)。所以小題5與前一句都是對(duì)短文總結(jié)的內(nèi)容。故F選項(xiàng)“如果每個(gè)人都能為海洋做出貢獻(xiàn)，那么海洋將會(huì)得到很好的保護(hù)”。故F選項(xiàng)正確。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（15分）1.A考察動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)fallinlovewith…“愛(ài)上”。A.love愛(ài)；B.emotion情感；C.faith信任；D.belief相信。本句意為：“我立刻就愛(ài)上了它，”他在接受《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》采訪時(shí)表示，“我想，如果有一天我能從頭到尾沿著它走一趟，那將是一次偉大的旅行，一次偉大的冒險(xiǎn)?！惫蔬xA。2.B考查名詞辨析。adventure3.C考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.took攜帶；B.cost花費(fèi)，主語(yǔ)為物或事；C.spent(人)花費(fèi)…D.paid付款。本句意為“他用78天“丈量”了2470公里的長(zhǎng)城。”故選C。4.D考查名詞辨析。A.way方法，道路；B.approach方法，接近；C.method方法；D.journey旅程。本句意為：這是一段史詩(shī)般的旅程，始于遙遠(yuǎn)的中國(guó)西部，終于長(zhǎng)城與大海交匯的地方。故選D。5.A考查副詞辨析。本句考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處表示地點(diǎn)，故選A。6.D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。停止；幫助；警告；D.died死。本句意為：在戈壁沙漠的一次探險(xiǎn)中，這位探險(xiǎn)家險(xiǎn)些死于脫水。故選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。A.raised舉起，抬高；B.handled應(yīng)付，處理；C.received收到；C.reported報(bào)道。本句意為：2006年，他還因?qū)χ杏⑽幕涣鞯呢暙I(xiàn)，被英女王授予大英帝國(guó)勛章。故選C。8.B考查名詞辨析。A.attention注意；B.contribution貢獻(xiàn)；C.connection連接，練習(xí)；D.organization組織。本句意為：2006年，他還因?qū)χ杏⑽幕涣鞯呢暙I(xiàn)，被英女王授予大英帝國(guó)勛章。故選B。9.A考查名詞辨析。A.exploration探索；B.invention發(fā)明；C.addition另外；D.consideration考慮。本句意為：在長(zhǎng)城上行走的30多年里，威廉·林賽發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)城受到日益嚴(yán)重的自然風(fēng)化及人為破壞。故選A。10.B考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.hid隱藏；B.

damaged破環(huán)；C.exchanged交換；D.distributed分配。本句意為：在他的探險(xiǎn)過(guò)程中，他注意到長(zhǎng)城的部分城段嚴(yán)重受損，被垃圾覆蓋。現(xiàn)代化和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展使情況更加惡化。故選B。11.A考查形容詞辨析。A.worse更壞的；B.better更好的；C.faster更快的；D.hotter更熱的。本句意為：在他的探險(xiǎn)過(guò)程中，他注意到長(zhǎng)城的部分城段嚴(yán)重受損，被垃圾覆蓋?，F(xiàn)代化和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展使情況更加惡化。故選A。12.C考查名詞辨析。A.functions作用；B.vacations假期；C.generations一代人；D.questions問(wèn)題。本句意為：林賽說(shuō)，“有些人說(shuō)這需要幾代人來(lái)改變；而我認(rèn)為，我們沒(méi)有幾代人的時(shí)間，我們必須趕快行動(dòng)?！惫蔬xC。13.A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.picking撿，拾；B.parking停車；C.filling裝滿；D.testing測(cè)試。本句意