聽力教程第二版第三冊答案UNIT7施心遠(供參考)參考范本

文檔來源為:文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡收集整理.word版本可編輯歡迎下載支持 .UNIT7SectiononeTacticsforListeningPart1SpotDictationMeetYourChiropractorThedoctorofchiropractic(D.C.)isa(1)well-recognizedmemberofthehealthteamwho(2)considersthehumanbodyasatotalfunctioning(3)unitandgivesspecialattentiontothespine,(4)muscles,nerves,circulatoryandskeletal(5)systems.Thechiropractorseeksto(6)relievepain.The procedures utilized are primarily focused on the (7)spine. The chiropractor is concerned about the relationship to the (8) nerve system,which controls importantbodyfunctions.Thechiropractorknowsthatamalfunctioning*spinaljointcannotonlycause(9)backpainorheadaches,itcanalso (10) interfere with the nerves leading from the spine,thereby(11)affectingotherportionsofthebody.MillionsofAmericansarechiropracticpatientsforawidevarietyof(12)healthdisorders.Theydependontheirchiropractorastheir(13)familydoctortohelpthemmaintaintheirhealththroughproper(14)diagnosis,treatment,andreferralwhen(15)necessary.A minimum of six years of college study includinginternships(16)goesintothemakingofachiropracticphysician.Manydoctorsofchiropracticchooseto(17)limittheirpracticesto certain specialties, such as (18) sports injuries, orthopedicsorradiology.Asa(19)licensedandregulatedmemberofthehealingarts,thedoctorofchiropracticmustpassastate(20)licensingboardexaminationinordertopractice.Part2listeningforGistLikethe"IronAge"volunteers,Paulhasalsochosentocuthimselfofffrommanyaspectsofmodemlife,not,however,asanexperimentbutbecausehefeelsitisamoresatisfactorywayto live. He is talking about his small cottage in the Welshmountains:"Andthatbringsmetosaywhatisprimitiveaboutit,namely,itisanythingthathastobedone,andthereareobviouslycertainbasicneedsoflife,is'DIY'astheysay:Doityourself.Thereisnolabortobehadnowadaysinsucharemotepart.Er,therearenoneighborsformostoftheyearandsoyouareonyourownentirely.Theplaceitselfisextremelyprimitive.Er,Imentionedthewater.Imentionedthatwenowhavegotelectricity.Er,thebuildingitself-it'simportanttokeepitcleanandit'sstupidtotry. We try to keep it tidy, and reasonably clean. It is difficult to keepit warm, warm enough particularly in winterandthatwedobyanoldkitchenrangewithcoalandwood."ExerciseDirections:Listentothepassageandfinditstopicsentence.Thetopicsentenceis"Theplaceitselfisextremelyprimitive."SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1DialogueAHealthyLifeDrMartinAnswaywritesacolumninapopularwomen'smagazineonhealthproblems.Heisalsoanexpertonheartdisease.Q:Isthereasecrettogoodhealth?Imean,istheresomewaywecanachieveitwhichisnotgenerallyknown?A:Itcertainlyisn'tasecret.However,thereisagreatdealofignorance,evenamongsupposedlyeducatedpeople,abouthowtobereasonablyhealthy.Q:Well,whatadvicedoyougive,then?A:Vh...tobeginwith,takediet.IbelievethatoneofthegreatestdangerstohealthinBritainandothercountries...particularlydevelopedcountries...isthekindoffoodwetendtoprefer.Q:Suchas?A:Suchasthatgreatnationalinstitution,theBritishbreakfast,forexample,hamandeggs.Orthekindoflunchsomanypeopleinthiscountryhave:sausageandchips!Oralltheconveniencefoodslikehamburgers.Oreventhingsweregardas"healthy",suchasfull-fatmilk.OrCheddarcheese.Thelistisendless.Q:What'swrongwiththosethings?A:Theexcessiveconsumptionofsuchthingsleadstotheoverproductionofcholesterol,whichinturnresultsinheartattack...Q:Excuseme,butwhatexactlyischolesterol?A:It'sa...wax-likesubstance...yellowish...andit'sproducednaturallyinourlivers.Weallneedsomecholesterolforsurvival.Q:Well,ifweneedit,inwhatwayisitbadforus?A:Toomuchofitisbadforus.Itbuildsupinourarteries,causingthemtogetnarrower,sothatourbloodsupplyhasdifficultyingettingthrough...andthis,ofcourse,caneventuallyendinaheartattackorstroke.ThepointI'mtryingtomakehereisthat,eventhoughweallneedsomecholesterolinordertoinsulateournerves,andtoproducecellmembranesandhormones,thethingsmanyofuseatandevenconsiderhealthyleadtotheoverproductionofcholesterol.Andthisisverydangerous.Q:Howcanweavoidthisoverproductionofcholesterol?A:Bycuttingdownourconsumptionofanimalfats:thingslikeredmeat,cheese,eggs,andsoon.Andbyincreasingourconsumptionoffreshfruitandvegetables,andalsobyeatingmorepotatoes,rice,pastaandbread.Q:Pasta?Potatoes?But...aren'tsuchthingsfattening?A:Nonsense.Itisn'tpasta,potatoesorbreadthatmakesusfat.It'swhatweputonsuchthings!Cheese,Butter,Meat!Q:Soanythingwelike,anythingthat'sdelicious,isbadforus.Isn'tthatwhatyou'resaying?A:Rubbish!I'msimplysayingweeattoomuchofthesethings.Andtherearemanywaysofpreparingdeliciousfoodwithoutusingsuchlargequantitiesofanimalfats.Q:Lastofall,whataboutexercise?Yourecentlywarnedagainstcertainformsofexercise,whichyousaidcouldbedangerous.A:WhatIsaidwasthatifpeoplearen'tusedtogettingregularandvigorousexercise,theyshouldbeginslowly,andnottrytodotoomuchatthebeginning!Ialsosaidthatcertaingames,suchassquash,canbedangerous,particularlyifyouaren'tusedtoplayingthem.Anumberofinjuriesareduetosudden,twistingmovementsthatgameslikesquashinvolve.Q:Whatkindsofexercisedoyourecommend,then?A:Gentlejogging,swimming,cycling,briskwalking...exercisethatisrhythmicandgentle,andaboveall,sustained.Thatis,doneforatleastfifteenminutesuninterruptedlyatleastthreetimesaweek.Weallneedsuchexercise,andthefactisthatfartoofewofusgetenoughofit,particularlyifweliveinlargecitiesandregularlyusecars.ExerciseDirections:Listentothedialogueandcompletethefollowinggrids.CholesterolDefinitionFunction

Ayellowish,wax-likesubstance,whichisproducednaturallyinourlivers.Weallneedsomecholesterolinordertoinsulateournerves,andtoproducecellmembranesandhormones.Overproduction

Whencholesterolbuildsupinourarteries,itcausesthemtogetnarrower,sothatourbloodsupplyhasdifficultyingettingthroughandthiscaneventuallyendinaheartattackorstroke.HowtoavoidthisonFormsofexercisewarnedagainstFormsofexercise

Bycuttingdownourconsumptionofanimalfats:thingslikeredmeat,cheese,eggs,andsoon.Andbyincreasingourconsumptionoffreshfruitandvegetables,andalsobyeatingmorepotatoes,rice,pastaandbread.Anumberofinjuriesareduetosudden,twistingmovementsthatgameslikesquashinvolve.Gentlejogging,swimming,cycling,briskrecommendewalking...exercisethatisrhythmicandgentle.dThingstoberemembered

Exerciseshouldbesustained,thatis,doneforatleastfifteenminutesuninterruptedlyatleastthreetimesaweek.Part2PassageAgingofAmericaTheimpendingcollisionbetweentheboomersandthenation'sretirementsystemisnaturallycatchingtheeyeofpolicymakersandtheboomersthemselves.RetirementincomesecurityintheUnitedStateshastraditionallybeenbasedontheso-calledthree-leggedstool:SocialSecurity,privatepensions,andotherpersonalsaving.Retirementplanningtakestime,andtheseissuesneedtobeaddressedsoonerratherthanlater.Onefoundthatin1991themedianhouseholdheadedbya65-69-year-oldhadfinancialassetsofonly$14,000,butexpandingthemeasuretoincludeSocialSecurity,pensions,housing,andotherwealthboostsmedianwealthtoabout$270,000.OnlyoneortwogenerationsofAmericanshavehadlengthyretirements,andthecrucialretirementissueskeepchangingrapidly,makinglong-termpredictionsevenharder.TheBabyBoom*generation-theroughly76millionpeoplebornbetween1946and1964hasbeenreshapingAmericansocietyforfivedecades.Fromjammingthenation'sschoolsinthe1950sand1960s,tocrowding labor markets and housing markets in 1970s and 1980s, to affecting consumption almost continuously, boomers have altered economicpatternsandinstitutionsateachstageoftheirlives.Nowthattheleadingedgeofthegenerationhasturned50,theimpending collision between the boomers and nation'sretirementsystemisnaturallycatchingtheeyeofpolicymakersandtheboomersthemselves.RetirementincomesecurityintheUnitedStateshastraditionally beenbasedon the so-called three-leggedstool: Social Security, private pensions, and otherpersonal saving. Since World War II the system servedtheelderlywell:Thepovertyrateamongelderlyhouseholdsfellfrom35percentin1959to11percentin1995.Arethebabyboomersmakingadequatepreparationsfor retirement? In part, theanswerdependson what meantby"adequate".Onedefinitionistohaveenoughresourcestomaintainpre-retirementlivingstandardsinretirement. A rule of thumb* often used by financialplannersisthatretireesshouldbeabletomeetthisgoalby replacing 60-80 percent of pre-retirement income.Retired households can maintain their pre-retirementstandardof living with lessincome becausethey havemoreleisuretime,fewerhouseholdmembers,andlowerexpenses. Taxes are lower because retirees payroll taxes and the income tax is progressive. Andmortgageshave,forthemostpart,beenpaidoff.Ontheotherhand,olderhouseholdsmayfacehigherandmoreuncertain medical expenses, even though they arecoveredbyMedicare.From a public policy perspective, assuring thatretirees maintain 100 percent of pre-retirement livingstandards may be overly ambitious. But shouldpolicymakers aim to ensure that they maintain 90percentoftheirlivingstandards?Orthattheystayoutofpoverty? Or use some other criterion? Retirementplanning takestime,andtheseissuesneedtobeaddressedsoonerratherthanlater.Asecondbigquestionishowtomeasurehowwellbabyboomersarepreparingforretirement.Studiesthatfocusonlyonpersonalsavingputasideforretirementyieldbleakconclusions.Onefoundthatin1991themedianhouseholdheadedbya65-69-year-oldhadfinancialassetofonly$14,000.ButexpandingthemeasuretoincludeSocialSecurity,pensions,housing,andotherwealthboostsmedianwealthtoabout$270,000.Athirdissue-crucialbutasyetlittleexplored-iswhichbabyboomersarenotprovidedadequatelyforretirementandhowbigthegapisbetweenwhattheyhaveandwhattheyshouldhave.Someboomersaredoingextremelywell,othersquitepoorly.Summaryaveragesforanentiregenerationmaynotbeusefulasdescriptionsoftheproblemorassuggestionsforpolicy.Theuncertainprospectsforthebabyboomersinretirementareparticularlytroublingbecause,asasociety,weasyetunderstandlittleaboutthedynamicsofretirement.OnlyoneortwogenerationsofAmericanshavehadlengthyretirements,andthecrucialretirementissues-healthcare,assetmarkets,SocialSecurity,lifespan-keepchangingrapidly,makinglong-termpredictionsevenharder.ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestionAs China's aging population is increasing rapidly, shouldbeawell-fundedpensionsystemputinplace.However,thecountry'spensionsystemonlycoversafractionoftheworkforce.ItpredictsthatChinawillhaveanelderlypopulationofabout400millionby2040,whichwillbealargeburdenontheeconomyifaneffectivepensionsystemisnotestablished.TheChinesegovernment,awarethattheoldpensionsystemin the plannedeconomy could not keeppacewith the marketeconomy, startedto reform a purely "pay-as-you-go" pensionsystem in 1997 and introduced one that combines a basicpensionwithpersonalsavingsaccounts.Theaccountsarejointlypaid into by employers and employees, assaving to supportemployees' retirements. Thestateisconsideringexpandingareformedpensioninsurancesystemnationwide.ChinaisalsoacceleratingthereformofChina'spensionsystem.Ithasbeentryingtofindappropriatewaystoinvestpensionfundsinthecapitalmarketratherthansimplyputtingtheminbanksorbuyingtreasurybonds.Ithasalsobeentryingtofindappropriatewaystoinvestpensionfundsinthecapitalmarketoverseas.Toensurethemaintenanceandappreciationofthepensionpool,moreinvestmenttoolsshouldbeallowed,withsoundgovernanceandparallelreforminthefinancialsectortoensurereturns.文檔來源為:文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡收集整理.word版本可編輯歡迎下載支持 .ExerciseBSentenceDictationDirections:Listentosomesentencesandwritethemdown.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes.ExerciseCDetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.l.D2.D3.B4.B5.C6.C7.A8.CExerciseDAfter-listeningDiscussionDirections:Listentothepassageagainanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Theboomershavealtered economic patternsfrom jammingthenation'sschoolsinthe1950sand1960s,tocrowdinglabormarkets and housing markets in the 1970s and 1980s, affectingconsumptionpatternsalmostcontinuously.(Open)衛(wèi)生管理制度1 總則1.1 為了加強公司的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生管理，創(chuàng)造一個整潔、文明、溫馨的購物、辦公環(huán)境，根據(jù)《公共場所衛(wèi)生管理條例》的要求，特制定本制度。1.2 集團公司的衛(wèi)生管理部門設在企管部，并負責將集團公司的衛(wèi)生區(qū)域詳細劃分到各部室，各分公司所轄區(qū)域衛(wèi)生由分公司客服部負責劃分，確保無遺漏。2 衛(wèi)生標準2.1 室內(nèi)衛(wèi)生標準2.1.1 地面、墻面：無灰塵、無紙屑、無痰跡、無泡泡糖等粘合物、無積水，墻角無灰吊、無蜘蛛網(wǎng)。2.1.2 門、窗、玻璃、鏡子、柱子、電梯、樓梯、燈具等，做到明亮、無灰塵、無污跡、無粘合物，特別是玻璃，要求兩面明亮。2.1.3 柜臺、貨架：清潔干凈，貨架、柜臺底層及周圍無亂堆亂放現(xiàn)象、無灰塵、無粘合物，貨架頂部、背部和底部干凈，不存放雜物和私人物品。2.1.4 購物車（筐）、直接接觸食品的售貨工具（包括刀、叉等）：做到內(nèi)外潔凈，無污垢和粘合物等。購物車（筐）要求每天營業(yè)前簡單清理，周五全面清理消毒；售貨工具要求每天消毒，并做好記錄。2.1.5 商品及包裝：商品及外包裝清潔無灰塵（外包裝破損的或破舊的不得陳列）。2.1.6 收款臺、服務臺、辦公櫥、存包柜：保持清潔、無灰塵，臺面和側(cè)面無灰塵、無灰吊和蜘蛛網(wǎng)。桌面上不得亂貼、亂畫、亂堆放物品，用具擺放有序且干凈，除當班的購物小票收款聯(lián)外，其它單據(jù)不得存放在桌面上。2.1.7 垃圾桶：桶內(nèi)外干凈，要求營業(yè)時間隨時清理，不得溢出，每天下班前徹底清理，不得留有垃圾過夜。2.1.8 窗簾：定期進行清理，要求干凈、無污漬。2.1.9 吊飾：屋頂?shù)牡躏椧鬅o灰塵、無蜘蛛網(wǎng)，短期內(nèi)不適用的吊飾及時清理徹底。2.1.10 內(nèi)、外倉庫：半年徹底清理一次，無垃圾、無積塵、無蜘蛛網(wǎng)等。2.1.11 室內(nèi)其他附屬物及工作用具均以整潔為準，要求無灰塵、無粘合物等污垢。2.2 室外衛(wèi)生標準2.2.1 門前衛(wèi)生：地面每天班前清理，平時每一小時清理一次，每周四營業(yè)結(jié)束后有條件的用水沖洗地面（冬季可根據(jù)情況適當清理），墻面干凈且無亂貼亂畫。2.2.2 院落衛(wèi)生：院內(nèi)地面衛(wèi)生全天保潔，果皮箱、消防器械、護欄及配電箱等設施每周清理干凈。垃圾池周邊衛(wèi)生清理徹底，不得有垃圾溢出。2.2.3 綠化區(qū)衛(wèi)生：做到無雜物、無紙屑、無塑料袋等垃圾。3 清理程序3.1 室內(nèi)和門前院落等區(qū)域衛(wèi)生：每天營業(yè)前提前10分鐘把所管轄區(qū)域內(nèi)衛(wèi)生清理完畢，營業(yè)期間隨時保潔。下班后5-10分鐘清理桌面及衛(wèi)生區(qū)域。3.2 綠化區(qū)衛(wèi)生：每周徹底清理一遍，隨時保持清潔無垃圾。4 管理考核4.1 實行百分制考核，每月一次（四個分公司由客服部分別考核、集團職能部室由企管部統(tǒng)一考核）。不符合衛(wèi)生標準的，超市內(nèi)每處扣0.5分，超市外每處扣1分。4.2 集團堅持定期檢查和不定期抽查的方式監(jiān)督各分公司、部門的衛(wèi)生工作。每周五為衛(wèi)生檢查日，集團檢查結(jié)果考核至各分公司，各分公司客服部的檢查結(jié)果考核至各部門。4.3 集團公司每年不定期組織衛(wèi)生大檢查活動，活動期間的考核以通知為準。UNIT7SectiononeTacticsforListeningPart1SpotDictationMeetYourChiropractorThedoctorofchiropractic(D.C.)isa(1)well-recognizedmemberofthehealthteamwho(2)considersthehumanbodyasatotalfunctioning(3)unitandgivesspecialattentiontothespine,(4)muscles,nerves,circulatoryandskeletal(5)systems.Thechiropractorseeksto(6)relievepain.The procedures utilized are primarily focused on the (7)spine. The chiropractor is concerned about the relationship to the (8) nerve system,which controls importantbodyfunctions.Thechiropractorknowsthatamalfunctioning*spinaljointcannotonlycause(9)backpainorheadaches,itcanalso (10) interfere with the nerves leading from the spine,thereby(11)affectingotherportionsofthebody.MillionsofAmericansarechiropracticpatientsforawidevarietyof(12)healthdisorders.Theydependontheirchiropractorastheir(13)familydoctortohelpthemmaintaintheirhealththroughproper(14)diagnosis,treatment,andreferralwhen(15)necessary.A minimum of six years of college study includinginternships(16)goesintothemakingofachiropracticphysician.Manydoctorsofchiropracticchooseto(17)limittheirpracticesto certain specialties, such as (18) sports injuries, orthopedicsorradiology.Asa(19)licensedandregulatedmemberofthehealingarts,thedoctorofchiropracticmustpassastate(20)licensingboardexaminationinordertopractice.Part2listeningforGistLikethe"IronAge"volunteers,Paulhasalsochosentocuthimselfofffrommanyaspectsofmodemlife,not,however,asanexperimentbutbecausehefeelsitisamoresatisfactorywayto live. He is talking about his small cottage in the Welshmountains:"Andthatbringsmetosaywhatisprimitiveaboutit,namely,itisanythingthathastobedone,andthereareobviouslycertainbasicneedsoflife,is'DIY'astheysay:Doityourself.Thereisnolabortobehadnowadaysinsucharemotepart.Er,therearenoneighborsformostoftheyearandsoyouareonyourownentirely.Theplaceitselfisextremelyprimitive.Er,Imentionedthewater.Imentionedthatwenowhavegotelectricity.Er,thebuildingitself-it'simportanttokeepitcleanandit'sstupidtotry. We try to keep it tidy, and reasonably clean. It is difficult to keepit warm, warm enough particularly in winterandthatwedobyanoldkitchenrangewithcoalandwood."ExerciseDirections:Listentothepassageandfinditstopicsentence.Thetopicsentenceis"Theplaceitselfisextremelyprimitive."SectionTwoListeningComprehensionPart1DialogueAHealthyLifeDrMartinAnswaywritesacolumninapopularwomen'smagazineonhealthproblems.Heisalsoanexpertonheartdisease.Q:Isthereasecrettogoodhealth?Imean,istheresomewaywecanachieveitwhichisnotgenerallyknown?A:Itcertainlyisn'tasecret.However,thereisagreatdealofignorance,evenamongsupposedlyeducatedpeople,abouthowtobereasonablyhealthy.Q:Well,whatadvicedoyougive,then?A:Vh...tobeginwith,takediet.IbelievethatoneofthegreatestdangerstohealthinBritainandothercountries...particularlydevelopedcountries...isthekindoffoodwetendtoprefer.Q:Suchas?A:Suchasthatgreatnationalinstitution,theBritishbreakfast,forexample,hamandeggs.Orthekindoflunchsomanypeopleinthiscountryhave:sausageandchips!Oralltheconveniencefoodslikehamburgers.Oreventhingsweregardas"healthy",suchasfull-fatmilk.OrCheddarcheese.Thelistisendless.Q:What'swrongwiththosethings?A:Theexcessiveconsumptionofsuchthingsleadstotheoverproductionofcholesterol,whichinturnresultsinheartattack...Q:Excuseme,butwhatexactlyischolesterol?A:It'sa...wax-likesubstance...yellowish...andit'sproducednaturallyinourlivers.Weallneedsomecholesterolforsurvival.Q:Well,ifweneedit,inwhatwayisitbadforus?A:Toomuchofitisbadforus.Itbuildsupinourarteries,causingthemtogetnarrower,sothatourbloodsupplyhasdifficultyingettingthrough...andthis,ofcourse,caneventuallyendinaheartattackorstroke.ThepointI'mtryingtomakehereisthat,eventhoughweallneedsomecholesterolinordertoinsulateournerves,andtoproducecellmembranesandhormones,thethingsmanyofuseatandevenconsiderhealthyleadtotheoverproductionofcholesterol.Andthisisverydangerous.Q:Howcanweavoidthisoverproductionofcholesterol?A:Bycuttingdownourconsumptionofanimalfats:thingslikeredmeat,cheese,eggs,andsoon.Andbyincreasingourconsumptionoffreshfruitandvegetables,andalsobyeatingmorepotatoes,rice,pastaandbread.Q:Pasta?Potatoes?But...aren'tsuchthingsfattening?A:Nonsense.Itisn'tpasta,potatoesorbreadthatmakesusfat.It'swhatweputonsuchthings!Cheese,Butter,Meat!Q:Soanythingwelike,anythingthat'sdelicious,isbadforus.Isn'tthatwhatyou'resaying?A:Rubbish!I'msimplysayingweeattoomuchofthesethings.Andtherearemanywaysofpreparingdeliciousfoodwithoutusingsuchlargequantitiesofanimalfats.Q:Lastofall,whataboutexercise?Yourecentlywarnedagainstcertainformsofexercise,whichyousaidcouldbedangerous.A:WhatIsaidwasthatifpeoplearen'tusedtogettingregularandvigorousexercise,theyshouldbeginslowly,andnottrytodotoomuchatthebeginning!Ialsosaidthatcertaingames,suchassquash,canbedangerous,particularlyifyouaren'tusedtoplayingthem.Anumberofinjuriesareduetosudden,twistingmovementsthatgameslikesquashinvolve.Q:Whatkindsofexercisedoyourecommend,then?A:Gentlejogging,swimming,cycling,briskwalking...exercisethatisrhythmicandgentle,andaboveall,sustained.Thatis,doneforatleastfifteenminutesuninterruptedlyatleastthreetimesaweek.Weallneedsuchexercise,andthefactisthatfartoofewofusgetenoughofit,particularlyifweliveinlargecitiesandregularlyusecars.ExerciseDirections:Listentothedialogueandcompletethefollowinggrids.CholesterolDefinitionFunction

Ayellowish,wax-likesubstance,whichisproducednaturallyinourlivers.Weallneedsomecholesterolinordertoinsulateournerves,andtoproducecellmembranesandhormones.Overproduction

Whencholesterolbuildsupinourarteries,itcausesthemtogetnarrower,sothatourbloodsupplyhasdifficultyingettingthroughandthiscaneventuallyendinaheartattackorstroke.HowtoavoidthisonFormsofexercisewarnedagainstFormsofexercise

Bycuttingdownourconsumptionofanimalfats:thingslikeredmeat,cheese,eggs,andsoon.Andbyincreasingourconsumptionoffreshfruitandvegetables,andalsobyeatingmorepotatoes,rice,pastaandbread.Anumberofinjuriesareduetosudden,twistingmovementsthatgameslikesquashinvolve.Gentlejogging,swimming,cycling,briskrecommendewalking...exercisethatisrhythmicandgentle.dThingstoberemembered

Exerciseshouldbesustained,thatis,doneforatleastfifteenminutesuninterruptedlyatleastthreetimesaweek.Part2PassageAgingofAmericaTheimpendingcollisionbetweentheboomersandthenation'sretirementsystemisnaturallycatchingtheeyeofpolicymakersandtheboomersthemselves.RetirementincomesecurityintheUnitedStateshastraditionallybeenbasedontheso-calledthree-leggedstool:SocialSecurity,privatepensions,andotherpersonalsaving.Retirementplanningtakestime,andtheseissuesneedtobeaddressedsoonerratherthanlater.Onefoundthatin1991themedianhouseholdheadedbya65-69-year-oldhadfinancialassetsofonly$14,000,butexpandingthemeasuretoincludeSocialSecurity,pensions,housing,andotherwealthboostsmedianwealthtoabout$270,000.OnlyoneortwogenerationsofAmericanshavehadlengthyretirements,andthecrucialretirementissueskeepchangingrapidly,makinglong-termpredictionsevenharder.TheBabyBoom*generation-theroughly76millionpeoplebornbetween1946and1964hasbeenreshapingAmericansocietyforfivedecades.Fromjammingthenation'sschoolsinthe1950sand1960s,tocrowding labor markets and housing markets in 1970s and 1980s, to affecting consumption almost continuously, boomers have altered economicpatternsandinstitutionsateachstageoftheirlives.Nowthattheleadingedgeofthegenerationhasturned50,theimpending collision between the boomers and nation'sretirementsystemisnaturallycatchingtheeyeofpolicymakersandtheboomersthemselves.RetirementincomesecurityintheUnitedStateshastraditionally beenbasedon the so-called three-leggedstool: Social Security, private pensions, and otherpersonal saving. Since World War II the system servedtheelderlywell:Thepovertyrateamongelderlyhouseholdsfellfrom35percentin1959to11percentin1995.Arethebabyboomersmakingadequatepreparationsfor retirement? In part, theanswerdependson what meantby"adequate".Onedefinitionistohaveenoughresourcestomaintainpre-retirementlivingstandardsinretirement. A rule of thumb* often used by financialplannersisthatretireesshouldbeabletomeetthisgoalby replacing 60-80 percent of pre-retirement income.Retired households can maintain their pre-retirementstandardof living with lessincome becausethey havemoreleisuretime,fewerhouseholdmembers,andlowerexpenses. Taxes are lower because retirees payroll taxes and the income tax is progressive. Andmortgageshave,forthemostpart,beenpaidoff.Ontheotherhand,olderhouseholdsmayfacehigherandmoreuncertain medical expenses, even though they arecoveredbyMedicare.From a public policy perspective, assuring thatretirees maintain 100 percent of pre-retirement livingstandards may be overly ambitious. But shouldpolicymakers aim to ensure that they maintain 90percentoftheirlivingstandards?Orthattheystayoutofpoverty? Or use some other criterion? Retirementplanning takestime,andtheseissuesneedtobeaddressedsoonerratherthanlater.Asecondbigquestionishowtomeasurehowwellbabyboomersarepreparingforretirement.Studiesthatfocusonlyonpersonalsavingputasideforretirementyieldbleakconclusions.Onefoundthatin1991themedianhouseholdheadedbya65-69-year-oldhadfinancialassetofonly$14,000.ButexpandingthemeasuretoincludeSocialSecurity,pensions,housing,andotherwealthboostsmedianwealthtoabout$270,000.Athirdissue-crucialbutasyetlittleexplored-iswhichbabyboomersarenotprovidedadequatelyforretirementandhowbigthegapisbetweenwhattheyhaveandwhattheyshouldhave.Someboomersaredoingextremelywell,othersquitepoorly.Summaryaveragesforanentiregenerationmaynotbeusefulasdescriptionsoftheproblemorassuggestionsforpolicy.Theuncertainprospectsforthebabyboomersinretirementareparticularlytroublingbecause,asasociety,weasyetunderstandlittleaboutthedynamicsofretirement.OnlyoneortwogenerationsofAmericanshavehadlengthyretirements,andthecrucialretirementissues-healthcare,assetmarkets,SocialSecurity,lifespan-keepchangingrapidly,makinglong-termpredictionsevenharder.ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestionAs China's aging population is increasing rapidly, shouldbeawell-fundedpensionsystemputinplace.However,thecountry'spensionsystemonlycoversafractionoftheworkforce.ItpredictsthatChinawillhaveanelderlypopulationofabout400millionby2040,whichwillbeal