2022屆新高考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解段落大意題攻略

2022屆新高考英語沖刺精品復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解段落大意題攻略高考閱讀理解越來越注重學(xué)生的高階思維能力，提高考查高階思維能力試題的比例。高考英語考查閱讀理解能力主要在語篇層次上進行，重視對語篇的精細閱讀，尤其強調(diào)對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵信息的理解能力。對文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)考查的試題有：理解主旨要義、理解觀點和態(tài)度、理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)和類型、理解目的。每篇文章或者每個段落都有主旨要義，有時主旨要義是明確闡述的，有時需要從字里行間歸納總結(jié)，考查考生應(yīng)能識別或總結(jié)概況文章或段落的主旨要義。每年高考試題中常常會有兩道主旨要義題，一道考查段落大意，一道是考查文章主旨或者選最正確標題。段落是文章整體的一局部，理解了每個段落，那么文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)就好理解了，主旨也就一目了然。那么怎么做好段落大意題呢？【題型解讀】.命題要求：主要是測試考生對一段文字的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準確把握段落主旨大意的能力。.設(shè)題角度：既考查考生的閱讀理解能力，又考查考生的深層次推理、概括能力。3,解題思路：通過略讀捕捉段落中的關(guān)鍵詞和主題句，把握段落結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,梳理出段落脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，最終歸納出段落大意。4.解題方法：找出段落的主題句。段落的主題句就是段落的中心，其它句子就是圍繞著這個中心展開。段落的主題句多出現(xiàn)在段落開頭或者結(jié)尾?！菊_選項特征】.概括性強，覆蓋全段主要內(nèi)容。常含有抽象名詞或概括性詞語。一般不出現(xiàn)細節(jié)信息，不含過分肯定或絕對意義的詞。.精確性強，所使用的概括性語言不會失去表意的程度及色彩。.范圍恰當,既不太大，也不太小?！靖蓴_選項特征】.以偏概全。概括的范圍過于狹窄，只闡述了段落的一局部內(nèi)容，某些局部信息或某一個方面。.斷章取義。以段落中的個別信息或個別字眼作為選項的內(nèi)容，或者以次要的事實或細節(jié)冒充段落中心。.主題擴大。歸納、概括的范圍過大，超過文章實際所討論的內(nèi)容。.張冠李戴。命題者有意把屬于A的特征放在B上。【解題技巧】段落大意題:〃一定、二找、三歸納〃一定■掃描題干，確定題干關(guān)鍵信息二找■讀該段內(nèi)容，找出能總結(jié)段落大意的關(guān)鍵詞或者主題句三歸納三歸納三歸納歸納本段大意，得出答案三歸納歸納本段大意，得出答案【真題例如】（2021?新高考I卷?D?節(jié)選）Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Ttisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（視角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?Itsappealtothepublic.Expectationsforfuturestudies.Itspracticalapplication.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【思路分析】一定：定位題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：thelastparagraph>emotionalintelligence二找：用關(guān)鍵詞"emotionalintelligence”尋讀，在文中找到信息源：“wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives.?.“可知,我們希望在未來的數(shù)十年后，科學(xué)的進步提供新的視角來研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾硭麄兊纳?。三歸納：比對選項和信息句，題干中“Expectations”替換了文中的“willexciteagreaterinterestin;willoffernewperspectives^,進行了語義轉(zhuǎn)化。應(yīng)選B。鞏固練習(xí)AThesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.（2021全國高考乙卷B篇）1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.BEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking.（2021年高考d匕京卷D篇）2.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.CAtthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans.nTous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions/andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.（2021高考浙江卷C篇）3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.AmajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.DThecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（動作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.（2020全國卷HIB篇）4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes."B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout"Apes."D.Theperformanceofrealapes.EMeanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending一“bad”tables,crowding,highprices-don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout'bad'tablesJgiventhatthey'reprofitable.Asfbrcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffetspriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.（2018江蘇B篇）5.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?Tipstoattractmorecustomers.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.Waystoimproverestaurants9reputation.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.FTerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition-hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.（2017年全國II卷C篇）6.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.GThephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlex