定語(yǔ)從句講義 2022屆高中英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)

英語(yǔ)個(gè)性化教學(xué)輔導(dǎo)教案I,定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞學(xué)生年級(jí)上課地點(diǎn)第次授課授課時(shí)間星期學(xué)科老師教學(xué)規(guī)劃師教學(xué)課題定語(yǔ)從句教學(xué)內(nèi)容㈠關(guān)系代詞⑴關(guān)系代詞種類(lèi)引導(dǎo)詞先行詞從句中的成分that人、物主，賓，表which物主，賓，表who人主，賓whom人賓whose人、物定as物主，賓，表(l)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.(3)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語(yǔ))(4)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語(yǔ))(5)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語(yǔ))(6)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(在句子中做定語(yǔ))(7)1livedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.(在句子中做定語(yǔ))⑵易混關(guān)系詞的辨析which/that/who⑴只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況①領(lǐng)先行詞是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,some,few,little等不定代詞時(shí)，或者先行詞被all,any,no,little,few,much修飾時(shí),只能用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.②當(dāng)主句中的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)，為防止重復(fù)，后面的定語(yǔ)從句要that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。Whichisthebookthatyouwanttobuy?Whoisthepersonthatyouwanttomeet?③領(lǐng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或者形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)或者先行詞為序數(shù)詞或基數(shù)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只用that.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtlastyear.④先行詞有theonly,thevery,thesame修飾時(shí)，只用thatoThisisthesamepenthatlostyesterday.Thisisthesamepenaslostyesterday.⑤在therebe句型中，只用that,不用whichIsthereabookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?⑥先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.⑦先行詞指物，在主句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí).Isthisthepenthatyouwant?⑵不用that的情況①在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。(錯(cuò))Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.②介詞后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.③先行詞為that/who時(shí)只用whichWhat'sthatwhichisunderthetree?which/asas和which的相同點(diǎn)⑴as和which都可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，放在主句之后，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Tomhasfoundagoodjob,as/whichweallhope.湯姆找到了一件好工作，這正是我們大家所希望的。(2)as和which都可代表整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容或主句中的某一成分。Hismotherisill,whichmakeshimverysad.他母親病了，這件事情使他很難過(guò)。Hehasmadegreatprogress,as/whichmakesusveryhappy.他進(jìn)步了，這使得我們很高興。as與which的區(qū)別(1)領(lǐng)先行詞前面有so+adj.+a/an,such+(a/an)+adj.,thesame等詞修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用as,而不用whichoSheissoniceagirlaswealllike.她是個(gè)我們大家都喜歡的如此好的女孩。Itissuchaninterestingbookasweallwanttoread.它是本我們大家都想讀的有趣的書(shū)。⑵as在從句中常作賓語(yǔ)；作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常為系動(dòng)詞，即：系表結(jié)構(gòu)或被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。Asissaidabove,hehasconqueredthedifficulty.正如上面所說(shuō)，他征服了困難。(3)當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放到主句的前面口寸，引導(dǎo)詞只用as,而不用which。Asisplanned,wegottherebeforeeight.正如計(jì)劃,我們?cè)诎它c(diǎn)前到達(dá)了那兒。(4)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句指表示積極的意義，與主句是順理成章的關(guān)系，絕不能與之矛盾。假設(shè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句表示一種消極的意義，那么只用whichoHehassucceededinhiscareer,as/whichweallhope.他在事業(yè)中成功了，這正是我們大家所希望的。Hergrandmadiedlastweek,whichmadeherverysad.她的奶奶逝世了，這使得她很悲傷。(5)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞代替主句中的賓語(yǔ)從句或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(如：賓+補(bǔ)；不定式短語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)等)時(shí)，一般只能用which,而不用asoShetoldusthattherewassomethingwrongwithherbike,whichwastrueo她告訴我們說(shuō)她的單車(chē)出了毛病，這話(huà)是真的。HeaskedhertohelphimwithhisEnglish,whichshedid.他請(qǐng)她教他學(xué)英語(yǔ)，她確實(shí)幫了。(6)關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中的謂語(yǔ)局部時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)局部被省略而只保存情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)式或助動(dòng)詞否認(rèn)式，引導(dǎo)詞一般只用which,而不用as。如：HespeaksEnglishveryfluently,whichIcant他的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得非常流利，這我可不行。(7)關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞時(shí)，一般只用which,而不用asoHesuggestedgoingswimmingintheriver,whichideaweagreedwith.他提議去河里游泳，我們就同意了他的想法。(8)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞僅代表主句中單個(gè)詞時(shí)、一般只用which,而不用as。Hesentmeabeautifulpresent,whichIvaluedverymuch.他給寄來(lái)了一件精美的禮物，我對(duì)它非常珍視。⑼as常用于一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：asissaidabove正如上面所說(shuō);asisreported如報(bào)道所說(shuō)；asisexpectedasissaidabove正如上面所說(shuō);asisreported如報(bào)道所說(shuō)；asisexpected正如所料ashasbeenpointed如所指出的那樣；whosewhose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，先行詞既可以是人也可以是物；Doyouknowthegirlwhosehusbandisateacher?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.ofwhich可以代替whose,其結(jié)構(gòu)為the+名詞+ofwhich/ofwhich+the+名詞;如果先行詞為人時(shí)，可以用the+名詞+ofwhom來(lái)代替。Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.Helivesintheroomthewindowofwhichfacessouth.Heliveintheroomofwhichthewindowfacessouth.Heisascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.=Heisascientistthenameofwhomisknownalloverthecity.㈡關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句；先行詞除了可以表示具體地點(diǎn)的名詞(如place,home,school,village等)外，還可以是表示抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞(如point,situation,case,stage,activity).ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Hehasgotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間。在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可做連接詞用IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.【注意】先行詞situation,condition,stage,point,case引導(dǎo)詞用where;occasion用whenwhy指原因在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.【注意】①介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。②that前不能有介詞o③某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when,where和why互換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.II.定語(yǔ)從句中省略⑴在限制性定語(yǔ)從句，做賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞(who,that,whom)可省略，但非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的做賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。Thegirl(whom/who/that)theteachersp