液晶顯示器驅(qū)動(dòng)方式

液晶顯示器驅(qū)動(dòng)方式液晶物質(zhì)的相變化固體結(jié)晶液晶液體加熱加熱液晶分子的種類SmecticLC層狀液晶NematicLC線狀液晶CholestericLC膽固醇狀液晶液晶分子的排列CrystallineLiquidCrystallineLiquid

KSmCSmANLBiaxialUnaxialIsotropicTemperature液晶的分類液晶的電光特性異向性(Anisotropic)排列因數(shù)()折射率()黏滯係數(shù)()介電係數(shù)()電導(dǎo)係數(shù)磁化率彈性係數(shù)()液晶的光學(xué)特性O(shè)pticalPositiveOpticalNegativeHelicalAxisOpticalAxisOpticalAxis液晶驅(qū)動(dòng)原理電極電極液晶FieldOFFFieldON液晶顯示器主要優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)優(yōu)點(diǎn)低電壓驅(qū)動(dòng)。低消耗電流。體積薄，重量輕。可實(shí)現(xiàn)大面積化。彩色化容易。缺點(diǎn)視角限制。外加被光源或投射光源。溫度操作範(fàn)圍限制。液晶顯示器的種類液晶顯示器扭轉(zhuǎn)型(TwinstNematic,TN)1971超扭轉(zhuǎn)型(SuperTwinstNematic,STN)1984

雙層雙扭轉(zhuǎn)型(DoubleLayerSTN,DSTN)1987

光相位補(bǔ)償超扭轉(zhuǎn)型(FilmSTN,FSTN)1988

主動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)超扭轉(zhuǎn)型(AASTNorMLSSTN)1992強(qiáng)介電型(FerroelectricLiquidCrystal:FLC)1980PDLC(PolymerDispersiveLC)1988PSCT(PolymerStabilizedCholestericTexture)1993OtherDS(DynamicScattering)1968PC(PhaseChange)1968GH(GuestHost)1968ECB(ElcetricalControlBirefregency)1971BTN(BistableTwistNematic)1995IPS(InPlaneSwitch)1995VA(VerticalAlignment)1996TN型

LCDs顯示原理Twist90液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的旋光特性調(diào)變穿透光線液晶的旋光特性消失STNLCDs顯示原理Twist270液晶分子FieldOFFFieldON利用液晶的雙折射特性調(diào)變穿透光線TN&STN電光轉(zhuǎn)移曲線

V-TCurve100%90%10%VnsSTN

VsSTNVsTNVnsTNTVTN與

STN的電壓漂移T100%VTNModeT100%VSTNModeLCDs驅(qū)動(dòng)方式直接驅(qū)動(dòng)法(DirectionAddressing)靜態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)法(StaticAddressing)多工驅(qū)動(dòng)法(MultiplexAddressing)主動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)法(ActiveAddressing/Multi-LineSelection)主動(dòng)矩陣驅(qū)動(dòng)法(ActiveMatrixAddressing)兩端元件(MIM,Diode..)三端元件(A-Si:HTFT,Ploy-SiTFT..)PlasmaAddressing(PALC)熱掃描驅(qū)動(dòng)法(雷射掃描)光掃描驅(qū)動(dòng)法(電子速掃描LCDs靜態(tài)驅(qū)動(dòng)法LCCellXORVsVcVsigVcVsigVcVsVc-VsONOFF多工驅(qū)動(dòng)法

(振幅選擇驅(qū)動(dòng)法,APT)1234N123Frame1Frame2F0DT水平掃描訊號(hào)+D-D0垂直影像訊號(hào)Row1Row2Row3RowNColumn1ONOFFONOFFF+DF-DF+DF-D+D-D0+D-D0+D-D0+D-D01234NFrame1液晶畫素電壓T多工驅(qū)動(dòng)法的限制1.0100200APT驅(qū)動(dòng)波形IAPT驅(qū)動(dòng)波形APTAddressingIAPTAddressingAPT與IAPT方式比較APTAddressingLowVoltageSegmentDriver:2DHighVoltageCommonDriver:2FIAPTAddressingOffset+DforPositivePolarityOffset+FforNegativePolarityVoltageRangeofSegmentDriver:F+DVoltageRangeofCommonDriver:F+D高容量多工驅(qū)動(dòng)的對(duì)策(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)STNLCDs規(guī)格OperationVoltageVop:BiasRatio:Steepness:SelectionRatio:STNLCDs驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓計(jì)算IfVoff=2V,N=240rows,Then:

APT:SegmentDriver:2.96V,CommonDriver:44.40VIAPT:Segment&CommonDrivers:23.68VSTNLCDsDrivers架構(gòu)......移位暫存器(ShifterRegister)DCLK串列輸入訊號(hào)...閂鎖暫存器(LatchRegister)LPF+D0F-D2D偏壓位準(zhǔn)........................................................DF(HLHL...H)............................HLHH並列輸出垂直訊號(hào)電極2D02D2DIAPT參考電壓IAPT驅(qū)動(dòng)IC灰階顯示─FRCFrameRateControl,FRC:灰階顯示─PWMPulseWidthModulation,PWM:灰階顯示─PHMPulseHighModulation,PHM:液晶的頻率響應(yīng)VerticalCrosstalkofSTNLCDsVerticalCrosstalk的抑制(一)每?jī)蓷l水平線變換一次驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓極性VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(二)採(cǎi)用補(bǔ)償驅(qū)動(dòng)週期VerticalCrosstalk的抑制(三)一條水平掃描線的掃描週期分割成兩部份，一半的掃描時(shí)間是採(cǎi)用正極性的驅(qū)動(dòng)訊號(hào)，另一半的時(shí)間是採(cǎi)用負(fù)極性的驅(qū)動(dòng)訊號(hào)。HorizontalCrosstalkofSTNLCDs垂直驅(qū)動(dòng)訊號(hào)LLine水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)ABABLHorizontalCrosstalk的抑制垂直驅(qū)動(dòng)訊號(hào)LLine水平掃描波形液晶畫素波形(a)(b)(c)(d)傳統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)方式水平掃描補(bǔ)償波形補(bǔ)償之液晶畫素波形(e)(f)￡GVLABFrameResponseofSTNLCDsActiveAddressingforSTNLCDsActiveAddressing驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓IfVoff=2V,N=240rows,Then:F=0.730X2V=1.460V|G|=0.954X2V=21.909VOutputRangeofSegmentDriverisabout44V.CommonDriverofCommonDriverisabout3V.SegmentVoltageofActiveAddressingActiveAddressing的矩陣運(yùn)算列向量（Column）×＝時(shí)間（Time）行向量（Row）Bit-MapImageMatrixRowFunctionMatrix時(shí)間（Time）列（Column）ColumnVoltageMatrix矩陣運(yùn)算方式行（Row）×＝行向量（Row）列向量（Column）Bit-MapImageMatrixRowVector時(shí)間（Time）列（Column）Time=Dtk×＝行向量（Row）列向量（Column）第j列RowFunctionMatrix時(shí)間（Time）列（Column）ColumnVector垂直序列運(yùn)算ColumnSequential時(shí)間序列運(yùn)算TimeSequentialColumnSequential硬體架構(gòu)

N×M圖框記憶體

N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數(shù)水平驅(qū)動(dòng)函數(shù)唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMNSTNLCDs垂直驅(qū)動(dòng)晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅(qū)動(dòng)晶片1轉(zhuǎn)2多工器2轉(zhuǎn)1解多工器TimeSequential硬體架構(gòu)

N×M圖框記憶體

N×M圖框記憶體影像資訊輸入IjNXOR陣列N加法邏輯陣列水平驅(qū)動(dòng)函數(shù)唯讀記憶體RowFunctionROMN1轉(zhuǎn)2多工器2轉(zhuǎn)1解多工器N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×M圖框緩衝記憶體N×MSTNLCDs液晶層間隙4.5um液晶材料：低黏滯係數(shù)STNLCDs垂直驅(qū)動(dòng)晶片TFTLCDs垂直驅(qū)動(dòng)晶片N主動(dòng)矩陣式液晶顯示器

AM-LCDsTFTLCDs等效電路RowDriversColumnDriverArrangementofColorFilterRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRBGRGBRBGRGGBRGGBRGGBRGGBRGWBRGWBRGWBRGWBStripeTrianglePixelStructureofTFTLCDsCsonCommon與CsonGate架構(gòu)液晶畫素TFTGateLineDataLineCsCs液晶畫素TFTCommonCommonGateLineDataLineCsCs

CsonCommonCsonGateTimingChartofTFTLCDsFrameTimeGate123NTimeTFTLCDsDrivingMethodColumnInversionDotInversionRowInversionFrameInversionDirectDrivingofTFTLCDs

DCBiasofCommonGrayScaleVoltageV0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V01Frame/1LineACModulationAddressingofTFTLCDsV0V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V7V6V5V4V3V2V1V0CommonWaveformGraylevelVoltage1Frame/1LineTFTLCDs的電光效應(yīng)

DirectAddressingTFTLCDs的電光效應(yīng)

ACAddressingTFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsonCommon(一)TFTLCD驅(qū)動(dòng)波形(CsonCommon,Common=DCBias)TFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsonCommon(二)TFTLCDsDrivingWaveform

CsonGateTFT電容效應(yīng)的影響PixelCgdCgsCsdCsdbCsdb液晶電容的效應(yīng)液晶電容CLC

會(huì)隨液晶作用電壓的改變而變化，因此在驅(qū)動(dòng)液晶時(shí)會(huì)有殘存的DC成份，其所造成的影響：ImageSticking.PictureFlicker.液晶作用電壓大時(shí)，液晶分子趨向平行電場(chǎng)方向排列：液晶作用電場(chǎng)小時(shí)，液晶分子趨向垂直電場(chǎng)方向排列：二階驅(qū)動(dòng)方式的效應(yīng)CsClcCgdCsdCgsVctCh(N-1)Ch(N)Vs垂直影像訊號(hào)水平掃描訊號(hào)Vg水平掃描訊號(hào)VgVshVslVstVthVth正極性驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)極性驅(qū)動(dòng)負(fù)極性驅(qū)動(dòng)正極性驅(qū)動(dòng)資料驅(qū)動(dòng)晶片輸出訊號(hào)電位液晶畫素電位Vct=Vst-ΔVpΔVpBlack(+)White(+)White(+)Black(+)Black(-)Black(-)White(-)White(-)TFT補(bǔ)償驅(qū)動(dòng)法Ch(N-1)Ch(N)Vst=Vct影像訊號(hào)波形Vs水平脈波掃描波形VgeVgeVghlCh(N-1)Ch(N)Vst影像訊號(hào)波形VsVge(+)Vge(-)VghlVghl3LevelAddressing4LevelAddressing3LevelAddressingB(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)正極性負(fù)極性Vst=VctB(+)B(-)W(+)W(-)B(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)ΔVp=CgdVghl/Ct正極性負(fù)極性正極性Ct=Cs+Clc+Cgd負(fù)極性CsVge/CtCsVge/Ct4LevelAddressingVst=VctB(+)B(-)B(-)B(+)W(+)W(+)W(-)W(-)B(+)W(-)B(-)W(+)ΔVp(+)ΔVp(-)ΔVp=CgdVghl/CtCsVge(-)/CtCsVge(+)/Ct正極性負(fù)極性正極性負(fù)極性Ct=Cs+Clc+CgdCsonGate電壓補(bǔ)償方式經(jīng)由Cs將前一條水平脈波的補(bǔ)償波形耦合到動(dòng)作的液晶畫素,補(bǔ)償Cgd造成的電壓漂移及改善液晶畫素內(nèi)的直流電電壓殘餘.經(jīng)由TFT的Cgd造成的電壓漂移經(jīng)由TFT的Cgd造成的電壓漂移ComparsionofAddressingMethodHorizontalLineCrosstalkABCscCscCscTFTSubstrateColorFilterSubstrateHorizontalAreaCrosstalkABVerticalAreaCrosstalkUpLowUpLowShadingCrosstalkShadingCrosstalk的抑制GatePulse的傳遞延遲Gate(Scan)Line的等效阻抗為一連串的串聯(lián)

RC網(wǎng)路，因此

GatePulse在傳遞時(shí)會(huì)造成波形的傳遞延遲失真。RCRCRCRCN液晶畫素邊際電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)(一)ReverseTilt畫素電極鄰近電極共通電極VPVLVAVA<VL:DisclinationAppearedVA

>VL:DisclinationDisappearedVP>LCThresholdVoltageReverseTilt液晶畫素邊際電場(chǎng)效應(yīng)(二)TFT水平驅(qū)動(dòng)電極垂直驅(qū)動(dòng)電極RubbingDirectionDisclinationLineReverseTiltDomain改善方法1.增加液晶分子的預(yù)傾角(PretiltAngle)2.增加BlackMask的遮蔽面積驅(qū)動(dòng)IC－ScanDriverBidirectionalShiftRegisterLevelShiftCircuitOutputBufferG1G2G3………...STVRSTVLCPVR/LVDDDVSSDVDDAVSSASTVRSTVLG1G2GxSerialIn－SerialOut

AnalogDataDriverSelectDatajDataj+1MultiplexerPro:Verysimple.Fewerexternalconnections.Con:Manyanaloginputs.Reducedpixelchargingtime.SystemNote:Sampleclock:(Dotclock)/N,NPhases.VideoPhase:NShiftRegisterVideoInQiQi+1VariationonMultiplexerPro:VideoInput.Con:Fastdatalinechargingneeded.Reducedpixelchargingtime.SystemNote:ShiftClock:(DotClock)/3forMono.VideoPhase:3forMono.SampleandHoldSerialIn－ParallelOut

AnalogDataDriver(一)ShiftRegisterQiQi+1Qi+2Qi+3VideoInTransferDoubleSampleandHold/SinglePhaseSampleNSampleN+1SampleN+2TTTNN+1N+2OutN-1OutNOutN+1Pro:VideoInput.Smallloadonfastsample-and-holds.Fulllinetimetochargepixel.Con:Complexanalogcircuit.Physicalsize.SystemNote:ShiftClock:DotClock.VideoPhase:SinglePhase.SerialIn－ParallelOut

AnalogDataDriver(二)ShiftRegisterQiQi+1VideoInTransferDoubleSampleandHold/Multi-PhasePor:Reducedoperationfrequency.SystemNote:VideoIn:NVideoPhase:NShiftClock:(DotClock)/N.DigitalDataDriver(一)ShiftRegisterDACDACDACDACDAC

SerialDataBusDigital-to-analogConvertersPor:Digitalinput.Con:Complex.RequiressufficientprecisiontocorrectforLCresponsevariation.ShiftRegisterCountCountCountCountCountRampInSampledRampPor:Digitalinput.Programmableramp.Con:Complexcircuit.Highspeeddigitalcircuits.Reducedpixelchargingtime.DigitalDataDriver(二)ShiftRegisterDecodeDecodeExternalFixedvoltages1-of-nSelectorSimpleDACPro:Digitalinput.Programmableexternalvoltages.Con:Complexcircuit.Highspeeddigitalcircuits.Manypassgatesperdataline.DigitalDataDriver(三)AllDigitalCircuitGammaCorrectionofLCDXY取像元件取像電路顯像電路顯像元件攝像機(jī)測(cè)受像機(jī)測(cè)AnalogCorrection:2~3SegmentApproach.DigitalCorrection:Externalfixedvoltage.GammaCorrection

SimpleCaseXY取像元件取像電路顯像電路顯像元件攝像機(jī)測(cè)受像機(jī)測(cè)TransmissionVoltageTheBlockDiagramoftheTFTLCDModuleCCFLBacklightTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverDataDriverRGBCLKHsxVsxTFTLCDModuleTheTFTLCDModuleTypeClassifiedintotwokindsbydatadriverAnalogtypeTFT-LCDmoduleTheanalogdatadriversTheanaloginterfacetoPCOnlyNECDigitaltypeTFT-LCDmoduleThedigitaldatadriversTheADC/LVDS/PanelLinkinterfacetoPCMainstreamTheAnalogInterfaceGraphicsControllerTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverAnalogDataDriverHsVsAnalogRGBAnalogRGBCLKHsxVsxPreAmpLevelShifterControllerPLLPCAnalogModuleTFTLCDModuleOSDCCFLBacklightTheADCInterfaceGraphicsControllerTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverDigitalDataDriverHsVsAnalogRGBDigitalRGBCLKHsxVsxADCBufferControllerPLLPCADCModuleTFTLCDModuleOSDCCFLBacklightTheLVDS/PanelLinkInterfaceGraphicsControllerLVDS/PanelLinkTxLVDS/PanelLinkRxTFT-LCDPANELTimingControllerScanDriverCABLEClockHsVsDigitalRGBDigitalRGBClockHsVsPCTFT-LCDModuleDigitalDataDriverCCFLBacklightAnalog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkAnalogInterfaceTrueColorSamplingErrorLowEdgeSharpnessNoiseintheAnalogSignalTransmissionAnalog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkADCInterfaceMainstreamintheDesktopLCDMonitorInterfaceSamplingErrorLowEdgeSharpnessNoiseintheAnalogSignalTransmissionEMIIssueforHighResolutionFormatLowImageQualityandHighCostAnalog/ADC/LVDS/PanelLinkL