英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音

一.句子結(jié)構(gòu)（5種句子結(jié)構(gòu)）1.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)例：He

is

aboy.

主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)

We

are

school

student.Mike

looks

very

well.主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞定語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞狀語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它They

come

here

early.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)Bob

jumps

farther.Lili

iswriting.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+其它We

speak

Chinese.She

isreading

English.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

He

has

lunch

attwelve

everyday

athome.

主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)）+賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)）He

asked

me

aquestion.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)Theteacher

often

tells

us

somestories.主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)She

teaches

us

English.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Wanglin

likes

playingbasketball.Thedog

ran

veryfast.Hegot

first

attheanimals'sportsmeeting5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)We

asked

him

togothere

withus.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)We

often

ask

him

somedifficultquestions.主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)I

often

hear

LingLing

singloudly

inthe主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)room.He

told

us

to

gotothepark

withhimyesterday練習(xí)：劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)1.Theboss

made

theworkers

work16hours

everyday.2.They

sing

verywell.3.He

isrunning.4.You

didthework

badly.5.We

saw

them

gointothebuilding.6.John

grows

tall.7.He

always

asks

theteacher

strangequestions.8.I

am

amiddleschoolstudent.9.ZhanglingandWangfeiareplayingfootball.What'swrongwithyou?There'ssometeahere.-句子的種類(lèi)：陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、感嘆句、祈使句1.陳述句：說(shuō)明一種事實(shí)，包括肯定句和否定句。Weareallmiddleschoolstudents.(肯定句)Theystudyveryhard.（肯定句）Hehasnobrother.（否定句）注意:句中如果有了表示否定意義的詞：nononenobodyneverneither...norhardlylittlefewtoo...to就不能再用not2.疑問(wèn)句：包括一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、反義疑問(wèn)句四種?！镆话阋蓡?wèn)句注意點(diǎn)：（1）常用Yes,No回答.（2）否定疑問(wèn)句答語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同，如果事實(shí)是否定的就用No，是是是肯定的就用Yes,前后須一致。-Don'tyoulikeEnglish?你不喜歡英語(yǔ)吧？-Yes，Ido.不，我喜歡。No,Idon't.是的，我不喜歡。Isn'theateacher?他不是教師吧？Yes,heis.不，他是。No,heisn't.是的，他不是?！锓戳x疑問(wèn)句注意點(diǎn)：

（1）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：a.肯定陳述句+簡(jiǎn)略的否定問(wèn)句b.否定陳述句+簡(jiǎn)略的肯定問(wèn)句（2）注意：后一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句必須有兩部分組成：縮寫(xiě)形式+主語(yǔ)例：Heisateacher,isn'the?WecansayEnglishverywell,can'twe?-Shedoesn'tshowherbooktome,________?-Yes,shedoes.不，她給我看了。--No,shedoesn't.是的，她沒(méi)有給我看。Mikeisn'taworker,_________?是的，他是?！?。不，他不是。--------------------。練習(xí)：完成反義疑問(wèn)句1.Hewashappy,________?2.Hehasnevergonethere,__________?3.Let'sgothere,____________?4.Letmedoitalone，_____________?5.Don'ttakethebooksaway,_______________?6.Pleasecomehereearly,_______________?7.I'lltellyouassoonashecomeshere,______________?8.Hesaidhewouldgothere,__________?9.Ithinkhestudieshard,____________？10.Hethinkshecanpasstheexam,______________?11.Wethinktheyareintheclassroom,_______________?12.Maryusuallygetshereearlierthananyotherstudent,buttodayshewasthelasttogethere,________________?13.Therewillbeameetingtomorrow,________________?14.Thereoncelivedapoormanhere,_______________?15.Youmustbeverytired,______________?16.Hemustfinishtheworkbeforesupper,______________?17.Youmusttryyourbesttocatchupwiththeother,___________?18.Noonecaredforthelittleboy,_________?19.Someoneleftabagthestation,_________?20.Somethingiswrongwithmybike,________？21.Nothingisdifficult,__________?22.Hecan'tbeateacher,__________?23.Hecouldswimwhenhewasfive,__________?24.Hemaybeathome,____________?25.Hemayknowtheanswer,____________？3.感嘆句：表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)的一種感情色彩。用what、how表示感嘆，譯成“多么”★what引導(dǎo)三種句子：（1.）Whata(an)+adj.+n.單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Whatagood/beautifulpictureitis!可以轉(zhuǎn)換成Howgoodapictureis!（2.）What+adj.+n.復(fù)數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!可以轉(zhuǎn)換成Howbeautifultheflowersare!(3.)What+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Whatfineweatheritis!Whatgoodnewsitis!★How用法三種：（1.）How+adj.(adv.)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Howfastheisrunning!(2.)How+adj.+a(an)+n.單數(shù)+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)Howgoodanexamplehehassetforus!也可以轉(zhuǎn)換成：Whatagoodexamplehehassetforus!How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（就動(dòng)詞感嘆）Howhewantstoseeafilm!練習(xí)：選擇最佳答案（A.whatB.whata(an)C.howD.howa）()1.___importantthenewsis!()2.___importantnewsitis!()3.___beautifulflowerstheyare!()4.___beautifultheflowersare!()5.___beautifulfloweritis!()6.___beautifulthefloweris!()7.___interestingbookitis!()8.___interestingbookstheyare!()9.___usefulthebookis!()10.___usefulthebooksare!4.祈使句:表示請(qǐng)求、建議、命令對(duì)方做某事的句子叫~。（1）祈使句直接以動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭.（2）祈使句的否定形式直接在句首Don't例：Don'ttakethebooksaway.Don'tbelate.以please開(kāi)頭的祈使句在please之后加don't。例：Pleasesitdown.--Pleasedon'tsitdown.以let's開(kāi)頭的句子在let's后加not例：Let'splaybasketball.--Let'snotplaybasketball.也可以說(shuō)：Don'tlet'splaybasketball.二.詞類(lèi)及其用法英語(yǔ)共有十大類(lèi)詞：實(shí)詞：名詞動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞數(shù)詞代詞虛詞：冠詞介詞連詞助詞（歸入動(dòng)詞類(lèi)）嘆詞名詞n.（Noun）：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱(chēng)。用法：在句中常做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Themanoftengoestotheparkalone.主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Heisagood

driver.Therearethreewomen

teachers

inourclass.表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)TheheadteachermadeWangDongagoodfriend.

主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)名詞包括普通名詞和專(zhuān)有名詞。普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞包括個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞。個(gè)體名詞：表示個(gè)體的人或事物的名稱(chēng)的詞。例：deskteacherboybagbook集體名詞：表示一群人或一些事物名稱(chēng)的詞。peoplefamilyclassclothespolice不可數(shù)名詞：包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。物質(zhì)名詞：表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的名詞。例：coffeehairjuicewaterrice抽象名詞：表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、動(dòng)作、感情等抽象概念的名詞。healthhappinessfunhelpwalklookwork專(zhuān)有名詞：表示人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、事物、組織等專(zhuān)有名稱(chēng)的詞。例JaneChinaUNBeijingOperaWTOBBC英國(guó)廣播公司可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成形式規(guī)則如下：1.一般情況下在詞尾加spea-peas(豌豆)deskspear-sbanana-s2.以schshx結(jié)尾的加eswatchesboxesfishespeach3.以輔音字母結(jié)尾變y為i加eslady-ladiesfamily-familiescity-citiesbaby-babies4.以o結(jié)尾的詞通常加s,radio-radiosphoto-photoszoo-zoos,但tomato-tomatoespotato-potatoeshero-heroes(英雄)Negro-Negroes（黑人）5.以ffe結(jié)尾變ffe為v加esknife(小刀)leaf（樹(shù)葉）wife（妻子）half(半個(gè)，一半)不規(guī)則名詞變復(fù)數(shù)幾種情況：

1.改變?cè)糇帜福篺oottoothmanwomanpolicemangoose2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞：JapaneseChinesesheepdeer鹿3.本身是復(fù)數(shù)的詞：clothestrouserspeoplepolicefamily(家庭成員)4.其他形式：child-childrenmouse-mice5.容易失誤的詞：breadpaperchalknewsinformationadvicefruit（這些詞在漢語(yǔ)里可以分為個(gè)體，但英語(yǔ)里常視為不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式）另：不可數(shù)名詞可以變?yōu)榱吭~短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。fivebottlesofmilk(五箱牛奶)十條信息：————————

三則新聞：————————八條褲子—————————20支粉筆————————13瓶蘋(píng)果汁————————五滴水——————

76箱紙___________________5杯茶————————兩套家具——————————名詞所有格1.有生命名詞詞尾加's如：Michael'sbooks需注意幾點(diǎn)：a.以s、es結(jié)尾的詞只加'例：thetwins'roomtheteachers'officeb.兩人共有的東西在后一個(gè)詞未加's例：LucyandLily'smotherc.店鋪、診所、某人的家或辦公室，所有格后的名詞一般省略。例：atthedoctor's(office)atMrZhang's(house/shop/barber)d.表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等無(wú)生命的名詞，也可以加's表示名詞所有格“……的”。例：today'snewspaperoneminute'swalktenminutes'walkChina'scities2.無(wú)生命的名詞所有格用“of”例：amapofChinathelegsofthedesk(課桌的腿)thewindowsoftheclassroom（教室的窗戶(hù)）3.雙重所有格abagofMike's(當(dāng)名詞前有數(shù)詞“一個(gè)”“兩個(gè)”修飾時(shí)要用雙重所有格)練習(xí)：李磊的照片——————薇薇的朋友———————我哥哥的字典——————————樓頂——————老師的講桌——————————書(shū)的封面————————教師的地面——————-他姐姐的一個(gè)同學(xué)——————————三個(gè)中國(guó)學(xué)生————————————李莉和王紅的兩個(gè)好朋友——————————————穩(wěn)穩(wěn)的紅上衣————————————張玲的舊報(bào)紙————————————王先生的店鋪——————趙夫人的理發(fā)店——————?jiǎng)釉~分類(lèi)、用法及動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞v.（verb）：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。在句中作謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一個(gè)部分。1.行為動(dòng)詞（作謂語(yǔ)）：及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞：后可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫~。不及物動(dòng)詞：后面加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~可以跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞、后可以直接跟狀語(yǔ)、或直接結(jié)尾，這樣的動(dòng)詞叫~.Wearewatching

TV.及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Wearelisteningtothemusic.不及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)+介詞+賓語(yǔ)練習(xí):1.Heisreading.2.Hismotheriscooking.3.Johnruns

slowly.4.Theystudyveryhard.5.Lilijumps

high.6.Hepassedmeabook.2.連系動(dòng)詞：后跟表語(yǔ)。(四類(lèi)系動(dòng)詞)

1.be動(dòng)詞amisare2.感官動(dòng)詞look(看起來(lái))sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))smell(聞起來(lái))taste(吃起來(lái))feel(摸起來(lái))3.表示逐漸變化的詞：get(變得)become(變成)grow（長(zhǎng)、成長(zhǎng)）turn(顏色變化)4.其它：seem（似乎，好像）keep（保持）go（容顏?zhàn)兓ヽome（cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)）Thecloth

feels

soft.Thefood

tastes____(good、well).主語(yǔ)系表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)系表語(yǔ)Wemustkeep

healthy.Heis

atallboy.Theorangeslook_____(good、well、fine).Theteacher'sfacewentredatonce.Hemayberight.Sheseemedwrong.注意：聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞后常跟名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、少數(shù)副詞也可以做表語(yǔ)。例：Mybooksareinmybag.Heistall/short.介詞短語(yǔ)形容詞Toteachistolearn.

Seeing

is

believing.主語(yǔ)動(dòng)不做表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名做表語(yǔ)Machaelissoccorplayer.Thesebananasaremine.主語(yǔ)名詞作表語(yǔ)代詞作表語(yǔ)Wefeel_____(happyhappily).Shefeels_____(sadsadly).注意：1.一個(gè)詞有形容詞形式又有副詞形式一定要選形容詞形式作表語(yǔ)。2.一個(gè)詞有形容詞形式又有副詞形式一定要選副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，跟在動(dòng)詞后，個(gè)別副詞可以放在動(dòng)詞前，也可放在后。3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：canmaymustneed1.“can”a.表示能力。譯成“能”“會(huì)”。例：Hecanswim.WecanspeakEnglish.Mikecanrideabike.b.表示請(qǐng)求或允許（與may相當(dāng),口語(yǔ)中用，maymight正式場(chǎng)合用）。譯成“可以”.Canyoulendmeyourbike?CanIcomein?相當(dāng)于MayIcomein?c.can'tbe表推測(cè).(表推測(cè)時(shí)其反意疑問(wèn)句要用be動(dòng)詞)例：Thetigerinthecagecan'tbehappy，isn'tit？2."may"(1).肯定句中表示“可能性”。譯成“可能”。Idon'tknowtheway，hemayknow.(2)表示請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可，譯成“可以”。用在肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中。其答語(yǔ)可以用can和may.MayIuseyourpen?Yes，youmay/can.No,youcan't/maynot.MayIcrosstheroadnow?Youmayusemypen.（3）maybe用在陳述句中表示“推測(cè)”.(表推測(cè)時(shí)其反意疑問(wèn)句要用be動(dòng)詞)Hemaybeathomenow，isn'the?3.“must”(1.)表示義務(wù)，用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句中譯成“必須”。否定句中must表示“不許”“禁止”。Youmusttakecareofyourparents.Mustwesendourchildrentoschool?Youmustnotplayontheroad.Youmustnothere.（2）.其一般疑問(wèn)句的肯定回答用must,其否定回答Youneedn't或Youdon'thave.不可以用mustn't或mustnotMustwekeepthewindowsopenallthetime?Yes,youmust.No,youdon'thave.或Youneedn't.（3）.mustbe表示推測(cè)，意為“一定”“準(zhǔn)是”。Youmustbehungrynow.—————？（完成反意疑問(wèn)句）Thelettermustbefromherpenpal.————————？（完成反意疑問(wèn)句）(4).must與haveto都有“必須”的意思，但must強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話(huà)者的主觀看法，而haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。Imustleavenow.我現(xiàn)在得走了（我想走）Shemissedthebusandhadtowalkhome.(錯(cuò)過(guò)公共汽車(chē)屬于客觀原因?qū)е滤坏貌徊叫谢丶?Wemuststudyhard,___________?（完成反意疑問(wèn)句）Wehavetogothereearly,_____________?（完成反意疑問(wèn)句）Mustwecleantheblackboardeveryday?Yes,_________.No,____________.(完成肯定、否定回答)TheyhavetoarriveinBeijingbefore9:00.(變?yōu)榉穸ň?————————————————。4.need“必須”用法

1）作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，只能用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。Youneedn'tdoitrightnow.=Youdon'tneedtodoitrightnow.Needhegotherebybus?Yes,hemust.No,heneedn't.=Doesheneedtogotherebybus?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn't.2）作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用于肯定句、否定句疑問(wèn)句中。Weneedtohavemuchfruit.(變否定句、疑問(wèn)句)Weneedtocatchabus.(變否定句、疑問(wèn)句)3）must的否定回答、反義疑問(wèn)句常用needn'tMustwetakeumbrallerswithus?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn't.特殊動(dòng)詞:1.enjoy,mind,finish,practise這些詞之后常跟動(dòng)名詞，如：enjoydoingsth.（喜歡做某事、享受做某事的樂(lè)趣）Theyoftenenjoyplayingbasketballintheafternoon.Wouldyoumind___(go)therewithus?Ifinished___(do)myhomework.Wearepractising____(read)English.另外：enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime如：Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesintheparkyesterday.(同義句)Thechildren————————intheparkyesterday.2.一些很重要的詞組:(1)keepsb.doingsth.(讓、叫某人做某事)Hekeptme____(wait)alongtime.(2)spendsometime/money(in)doingsth.(花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢(qián)做某事)如：Healwaysspendsonehour____(play)thepianoeveryday.3.haveaproblem/difficulty/fundoingsth.(做某事有困難/樂(lè)趣)Shehasfun____(draw)onSunday.Wehavedifficulty____(learn)English.4.bebusydoingsth.(忙于做某事)Theyarebusy___(pick)apples.Wearebusy__(plant)wheat.5.beworthdoingsth.(值得做某事)Thebookisworth____(read).Thefilmisworth___(watch).6.havesth.done(請(qǐng)/叫/讓某人做某事)Iwillhavemyhaircut.Hehadhisbikepepaired/mended.(修理)7.see/hear/watch/find/feel/notice+sb.+do/doingsth.[看見(jiàn)、聽(tīng)見(jiàn)、觀看、發(fā)現(xiàn)、覺(jué)得、注意某人做了做某事（經(jīng)常做某事)或者正在做某事]8.beinterestedindoingsth.(對(duì)做某事感興趣)Lilywasinterestedinsinginglast,butnowsheisinterestedindancing.Sheisinterestedin__(play)football.9.thanksfordoingsth.10.remember/forgetdoingsth.記得/忘記曾經(jīng)做過(guò)某事remember/forgettodosth.記住/忘記做某事Heforgottocleantheclassroomyesterday.(他昨天忘了掃地)Heforgottellingusthestory,hetoldusitagain.(他忘記曾經(jīng)給我們講過(guò)這個(gè)故事，再一次給我們講了這個(gè)故事)Irememberedseeingthemanlastyear.Soheisn'tastrangemanforme.(我記得去年曾經(jīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)這個(gè)人，所以對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)他不是個(gè)陌生人)pleaseremember__(bring)yourbookstomorrow.Sheforgot___(have)medicinethismoning.11.stoptodosth.(停下來(lái)去做某事)stopdoingsth.（停止做某事）Weweretired.Wemuststop_____(have)arest.Afterawhilewestopped___(rest)andwentonwalking.whenIsawagoodfriendofmineonthestreetyesterestmorning,Istopped____(talk)toher.12.liketodosth.(喜歡做某事)表示經(jīng)常性、一般性的愛(ài)好likedoingsth.(喜歡做某事)表示一次性、具體性的愛(ài)好例：Ilike____(play)basketball.ButIdon'tlike___(play)basketballtoday.動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)一.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)（1）概念：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。（2）構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞（amisare）＋其它（表語(yǔ)）

主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞{動(dòng)詞原形或第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式}＋其它（3）與之經(jīng)常連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,everyday,everymorning,everymonth,everyyear/term/week.與之經(jīng)常連用的頻度副詞：often，usually，always,sometimes.例：Iamastudent.Heis

thirteen.WeareallinClassOne。

主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)

I

likeEnglish.HelikesChinese.

主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)Wehavelunchattwelve.

Youoftengotoschoolbybike.動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式構(gòu)成規(guī)則：1.一般情況下在詞尾加slistensreadssingsdancescomeswrites2.以oxschsh結(jié)尾的加esdoesgoeswatchesfixesteachesfishesfinisheswishes3.以輔音字母結(jié)尾變y為i加esstudy-studies以元音字母加y結(jié)尾,直接加s。如：pay-paysstay-staysplay-playssay-says.4.以ffe結(jié)尾變ffe變ffe為v加eslife-lives練習(xí)：把下列句子變成否定句和疑問(wèn)句,同時(shí)完成反義疑問(wèn)句（記住助動(dòng)詞do\does的用法），并劃分句子成分1.Healwaysgoestoschoolonfoot.2.LilyandLucydotheirlessonsintheafternoon.3.Weoftendoourhomeworkeveryday.4.Wanglidoestheworkverywell.5.Ihavefourclassesinthemoning.6.Hisgrandmatherisninetyyeaysold.7.Sheisaverygoodgirl.8.Welikegoingswimminginsummer.9.Mikeenjoysplayingthepiano.10.Thesearethickbooks.11.ThoseareWanglinsboxes.12.ZhanghuareadsEnglishwordseverymorning.二.一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。1.構(gòu)成：a.主語(yǔ)+was/were+表語(yǔ)b.主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其它把下列句子變成否定句和疑問(wèn)句，同時(shí)完成反義疑問(wèn)句（記住助動(dòng)詞did的用法）1.Hewasastudenttenyearsago.2.Wewereintheclassroomjustnow.3.Theystayedinguangzhouforaweek.4.IwenttoBeijinglastAugust.5.Meimeididherhomeworkwellyesterday.6.Hestudiedbadlytwoyearsago.7.Dongdonghadtwogoodfrendslastyear.8.Liuxiangranfastestinthematch.9.Sheatethreeorangesjustnow.10.IwasbornonthemoningofJune3ird1996.2.常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday,yesterdayafternoon,lastyear/week/month/tern/January/February,in1988,justnow,atthatmoment等等。3.動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：（1)一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾+ed（2）以e結(jié)尾+d（3）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母+ed(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i+ed讀音規(guī)則：1.清輔音結(jié)尾+ed讀/t/,即清—清2.濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾+ed讀/d/濁—濁元—濁3.以td結(jié)尾+ed讀/id/三.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：表示現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.1.構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）2.常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):nowatthatmoment常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的動(dòng)詞:look!listen!3.現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成規(guī)則：a.一般在動(dòng)詞后+ing.讀作/i?/b.以e結(jié)尾去e+ing讀作/i?/c.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母再加ing讀作/i?/練習(xí)：寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式：come-comingwrite-readteachwatchfinishputsetstopforgetremembertakemakestaystudypaysaylethatelikelookasktelllaughcatchhithurteathavelearnliveleavegodobewaitmindspeakhave

把下列句子變成否定句和疑問(wèn)句1.Heiscookingnow.2.Theyarehavingbananasatthemoment.3.Wearelisteningtothemusic.4.Zhangliiswritingsomewordsontheblackboard.5.Chinaisgettingstrongerandstronger.6.Sheandhe___(be)playingpingpang.三、形容詞、副詞形容詞(adj.)：adj.修飾名詞、代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征，在句中可做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例：Thisisagoodbook.（形容詞good修飾名詞book，置book前作定語(yǔ)）Theapplesarefresh(新鮮的).（形容詞fresh置于系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)）Theexcitingnewsmadeusallhappy.這個(gè)振奮人心的消息使得我們大家感到高興。（形容詞exciting修飾名詞news.形容詞happy作賓語(yǔ)usall的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）。Thereissomethingimportantintoday'snewspaper.今天的報(bào)紙上有一些重要的事情.（形容詞important修飾不定代詞something.形容詞important叫后置定語(yǔ)）注：英語(yǔ)中后置定語(yǔ)有四種:

a.介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)后置ThemanintheshopisMike'suncle.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismyaunt.

b.形容詞修飾不定代詞須后置Thefilmisnothinginteresting.

c.副詞作定語(yǔ)后置

Peoplethereareveryfriendly.Themandownstairsismybrother.

d.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)須后置Wewouldlikesomethingtoeat.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.副詞（adv.）：adv.用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。時(shí)間副詞：todaynowthentomorrowyesterest地點(diǎn)副詞：heretherenearabove頻度副詞：oftenalwaysusuallysometimesnever程度副詞：veryquiterathertooso方式副詞：weillcarefullyslowlyquietly疑問(wèn)副詞：whenwherehowwhy其它副詞：howfarhowlonghowoften/soon/fast/wide形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的規(guī)則變化1.單音節(jié)詞、少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er/?/-est/ist/例：short-ershort-esttall-ertall-estearly2.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i加-r-st.heavy-heavier-heaviesthappy-3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母再加-er-est.例：bighotredwetfatthin4.以e結(jié)尾的詞加-r或-stbravefine5.多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在此前加moremost例：slowlyquietlyseriousinteresting注：(1)如果形容詞原級(jí)的詞尾字母為r,在家er或est時(shí)r要發(fā)/r/音。nearnearer/ni?r?/nearest/ni?rist/clever-er/klev?r?/clever-est/klev?rist/(2)如果形容詞原級(jí)的詞尾的發(fā)音為/?/,在加-er-est時(shí)，/?/音后須加一個(gè)/g/long-longer/lD?g?/-longest/lD?gist/strong-stronger-strongest(3)有些形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)用-er-est或more和most皆可，如clverlovelywindyoften等。當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)似乎有多用more和mos